12 U.S.C. § 225a
Maintenance of long run growth of monetary and credit aggregates
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee shall maintain long run growth of the monetary and credit aggregates commensurate with the economy’s long run potential to increase production, so as to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 10
cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1981–2024 · leading case: McKinley v. Bd. of Governors of the Fed. Reserve Sys., 647 F.3d 331 (D.C. Cir. 2011).
McKinley v. Bd. of Governors of the Fed. Reserve Sys., 647 F.3d 331 (D.C. Cir. 2011). “§ 263 — are statutorily mandated to “maintain long run growth of the monetary and credit aggregates commensurate with the economy’s long run potential to increase production, so as to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term…”
Fasano v. Fed. Reserve Bank, 457 F.3d 274 (3rd Cir. 2006). “” 12 U.S.C. § 225a. The individual Federal Reserve Banks carry out the monetary policy so formulated.”
United States v. Wells Fargo, 943 F.3d 588 (2d Cir. 2019). “9 The Federal Reserve Reform Act, among other things, codified the dual mandate, see 12 U.S.C. § 225a, and criminalized conflicts of interest at the FRBs, see 18 U.”
Texas State Bank v. United States, 423 F.3d 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2005). “” 12 U.S.C. § 225a. The System is composed of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and twelve regional Reserve banks (“the Federal Reserve”).”
Fox News Network, LLC v. Bd. of Governors of the Fed. Reserve Sys., 639 F. Supp. 2d 384 (S.D.N.Y. 2009). “When the Board found that liquidity still did not sufficiently improve, it authorized the FRBs, in March 2008, to lend to additional entities, including primary dealers, “to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest…”
Comm. for Monetary Reform With Various Other v. Bd. of Governors of the Fed. Reserve Sys., 766 F.2d 538 (D.C. Cir. 1985). “Third, the plaintiffs maintained that four statutes that authorize the Federal Reserve System to control the money supply, 12 U.S.C. §§ 225a, 263, 357 and 462b, “represent an unconstitutional delegation of the Article I, Section 8 power of Congress ‘To coin money [and] regulate…”
Consum Rsch. v. Consum Prod Sfty, 98 F.4th 646 (5th Cir. 2024). “See 12 U.S.C. § 225a. And unlike law enforcement, administration of the money supply is not an executive function—so the Fed’s independence does not offend the traditional principle that all executive power is vested in the President.”
Medina v. Clinton, 86 F.3d 155 (9th Cir. 1996). “…Pub.L. No. 95-523, 1978 U.S.C.C.A.N. (92 Stat.) 1887 (codified, as amended, at 2 U.S.C. §§ 632 , 636, 661, 661a-661f; 12 U.S.C. § 225a; and 15 U.S.C. §§ 1021-1024 ,3101-3152). In enacting this legislation, Congress declared and established “as a national goal the right to full…”
Merrill v. Fed. Open Mkt. Comm., 516 F. Supp. 1028 (D.D.C. 1981). “12 U.S.C. §§ 225a & 247a. The complete record of each meeting, the Record of Policy Actions, does not exist in final form until after the next monthly meeting at which time it is published in the Federal Register and otherwise made generally available.”
Vern Mckinley v. Bd. of Gov. Fed. Reserve Sys (D.C. Cir. 2011). “§ 263—are statutorily mandated to “maintain long run growth of the monetary and credit aggregates commensurate with the economy’s long run potential to increase production, so as to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term…”
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