The words defined in this section shall have the following meaning when found in this subchapter, to wit:
“Commerce” means commerce among the several States or with foreign nations, or in any Territory of the United States or in the District of Columbia, or between any such Territory and another, or between any such Territory and any State or foreign nation, or between the District of Columbia and any State or Territory or foreign nation.
“Corporation” shall be deemed to include any company, trust, so-called Massachusetts trust, or association, incorporated or unincorporated, which is organized to carry on business for its own profit or that of its members, and has shares of capital or capital stock or certificates of interest, and any company, trust, so-called Massachusetts trust, or association, incorporated or unincorporated, without shares of capital or capital stock or certificates of interest, except partnerships, which is organized to carry on business for its own profit or that of its members.
“Documentary evidence” includes all documents, papers, correspondence, books of account, and financial and corporate records.
“Acts to regulate commerce” means subtitle IV of title 49 and the Communications Act of 1934 [47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.] and all Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto.
“Antitrust Acts” means the Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies”, approved July 2, 1890; also sections 73 to 76, inclusive, of an Act entitled “An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes”, approved August 27, 1894; also the Act entitled “An Act to amend sections 73 and 76 of the Act of August 27, 1894, entitled ‘An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes’ ”, approved February 12, 1913; and also the Act entitled “An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes”, approved October 15, 1914.
“Banks” means the types of banks and other financial institutions referred to in section 57a(f)(2) of this title.
“Foreign law enforcement agency” means—
(1) any agency or judicial authority of a foreign government, including a foreign state, a political subdivision of a foreign state, or a multinational organization constituted by and comprised of foreign states, that is vested with law enforcement or investigative authority in civil, criminal, or administrative matters; and
(2) any multinational organization, to the extent that it is acting on behalf of an entity described in paragraph (1).
Notes of Decisions
Cited in
78
cases (
6 in the last 5 years), 1935–2025 · leading case:
FTC v. At&t Mobility LLC, 883 F.3d 848 (9th Cir. 2018).
FTC v. At&t Mobility LLC, 883 F.3d 848 (9th Cir. 2018).
· cites it 3× “15 U.S.C. § 44 . At the time the FTC Act was passed in 1914, however, the term “Acts to regulate commerce” referred only to the ICA, because the Communications Act had not yet been passed.”
California Dental Ass'n v. Fed. Trade Comm'n, 526 U.S. 756 (1999).
· cites it 2× “The FTC Act is at pains to include not only an entity "organized to carry on business for its own profit," 15 U. S. C. § 44 , but also one that carries on business for the profit "of its members," ibid.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Ameridebt, Inc., 343 F. Supp. 2d 451 (D. Maryland 2004).
· cites it 4× “” 15 U.S.C. § 44 . 5 The FTC contends that Ameri-Debt, in tandem with the Defendants, is a de facto corporation subject to the Act.”
Gadson v. Newman, 807 F. Supp. 1412 (C.D. Ill. 1992).
· cites it 2× “This analysis is based on the contention that the term “corporation” as defined in 15 U.S.C. § 44 (1988), does not include non-profit organizations which are organized for and actually engaged in business for only charitable purposes.”
Labmd, Inc. v. Fed. Trade Comm'n, 894 F.3d 1221 (11th Cir. 2018).
“"Commerce" shall mean as defined in Section 4 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. § 44 . 2. Unless otherwise specified, "respondent" shall mean LabMD, Inc.”
Singleton v. Pennington, 568 S.W.2d 367 (Tex. App. 1977).
· cites it 2× “The only definition of "commerce" in the Federal Act is that in § 4, 15 U.S. C.A. § 44 (1973), which defines this term as "commerce among the several States," etc.”
California Rice Indus. v. Fed. Trade Comm'n, 102 F.2d 716 (9th Cir. 1939).
· cites it 5× “This is a petition to review and set aside an order of the Federal Trade Commission requiring petitioners to "cease and desist, in connection with offering for sale, sale and distribution of rice and rice products in commerce as defined in Section 4 of the Federal Trade…”
Madsen Ex Rel. Corbin v. W. Am. Mortg. Co., 694 P.2d 1228 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1985).
· cites it 2× “The meaning of this definition becomes clearer when interpretations of 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 44 , 52 and 55(a)(1), the Federal Trade Commission Act, are used as a guide, as A.”
Hosp. Corp. of Am. v. Fed. Trade Comm'n, 807 F.2d 1381 (7th Cir. 1986).
“) Nonprofit status affects the method of financing the enterprise (substituting a combination of gift and debt financing for equity and debt financing) and the form in which profits (in the sense of the difference between revenue and costs) are distributed, and it may make…”
In Re Enron Corp. Sec., Derivative, 511 F. Supp. 2d 742 (S.D. Tex. 2005).
“15 U.S.C. § 44 (2003). 37 . This Court observes that Jackson held that CUTPA does not provide a plaintiff with a cause of action against an attorney who represented the plaintiff’s adversary in an earlier litigation.”
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treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.