16 U.S.C. § 460bb

Establishment

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In order to preserve for public use and enjoyment certain areas of Marin and San Francisco Counties, California, possessing outstanding natural, historic, scenic, and recreational values, and in order to provide for the maintenance of needed recreational open space necessary to urban environment and planning, the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (hereinafter referred to as the “recreation area”) is hereby established. In the management of the recreation area, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) shall utilize the resources in a manner which will provide for recreation and educational opportunities consistent with sound principles of land use planning and management. In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary shall preserve the recreation area, as far as possible, in its natural setting, and protect it from development and uses which would destroy the scenic beauty and natural character of the area.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 16 cases (5 in the last 5 years), 1979–2025 · leading case: San Francisco Herring Ass'n v. Usdoi, 946 F.3d 564 (9th Cir. 2019).
San Francisco Herring Ass'n v. Usdoi, 946 F.3d 564 (9th Cir. 2019). “1299 (1972) (codified at 16 U.S.C. § 460bb et seq.). As relevant here, the boundaries of the Recreation Area extend one-quarter mile offshore from the coastal enclave of Sausalito, north to Bolinas Bay and beyond the historic lighthouse at Point Bonita; around Alcatraz Island;…”
Presidio Historical Ass'n v. Presidio Trust, 811 F.3d 1154 (9th Cir. 2016). · cites it 2× “4097 (codified at 16 U.S.C. § 460bb app.) (“Presidio Trust Act” or “PTA”).”
City of Sausalito v. O'NEILL, 211 F. Supp. 2d 1175 (N.D. Cal. 2002). · cites it 3× “§§ 1 -18Í-3, the legislation creating the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, 16 U.S.C. § 460bb, the National Park Service Regulations, 36 C.”
Swords to Plowshares v. Kemp, 423 F. Supp. 2d 1031 (N.D. Cal. 2005). “16 U.S.C. § 460bb App., Pub.L. 104-33, Title 1, § 103.”
San Francisco Herring Assoc. v. Usdoi, 33 F.4th 1146 (9th Cir. 2022). · cites it 2× “1299 (1972) (codified at 16 U.S.C. § 460bb et seq.). Covering land and waters in San Francisco Bay that Congress deemed to “possess[] outstanding natural, historic, scenic, and recreational values,” the GGNRA Act provides that “the Secretary shall preserve the recreation area,…”
City of Sausalito v. O'Neill, 386 F.3d 1186 (9th Cir. 2004). · cites it 2× “§§ 1 -18Í-3; the Act creating the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, 16 U.S.C. § 460bb; and the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.”
Friends of Gateway v. Slater, 257 F.3d 74 (2d Cir. 2001). · cites it 2× “92-589 (October 27, 1972), codified at 16 U.S.C. §§ 460bb to 460bb-5 (the “Golden Gate Act”).”
Lynch, 221 Ct. Cl. 979 (Ct. Cl. 1979). “On July 7, 1976, the Government brought a condemnation suit in the Northern District of California to take fee title to the land which was to be acquired for the purposes of the Golden Gate National Recreational Act, 16 U.S.C. § 460bb et seq. After trial a jury awarded…”
United States v. California Dep't of Transp., 767 F. Supp. 2d 1012 (N.D. Cal. 2011). “See 16 U.S.C. § 460bb. 4 The Presidio Trust Act calls for the “preservation of the cultural and historical integrity of the Presidio for public use,” and requires that the Trust be financially self-sufficient by 2013.”
Applicability of Anti-Discrimination Statutes to the Presidio Trust (OLC 2004). · cites it 11× “16 U.S.C. § 460bb note (2000). The Trust has asked us to determine whether in this provision Congress has exempted it from section 717 of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.”
Bregan v. The John Stuart Co. (N.D. Cal. 2024). · cites it 3× “104-333 (1996) (section 104(h)) (codified 18 as amended at 16 U.S.C. § 460bb appendix (2001)). 19 The plaintiffs contend that because the Presidio Trust Act provides that the Trust “may sue and 20 be sued,” the federal government has broadly waived its sovereign immunity with…”
United States v. California Dep't of Transp., 693 F. Supp. 2d 1082 (N.D. Cal. 2009). “In 1997, in enacting the Presidio Trust Act, 16 U.S.C. § 460bb, Congress created the Presidio Trust, a wholly-owned government corporation.”
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