U.S. Code » Title 18 » Part PART I— CRIMES › Chapter CHAPTER 113B— TERRORISM

18 U.S.C. § 2339D

Receiving military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization

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(a)Offense.—Whoever knowingly receives military-type training from or on behalf of any organization designated at the time of the training by the Secretary of State under section 219(a)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act as a foreign terrorist organization shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for ten years, or both. To violate this subsection, a person must have knowledge that the organization is a designated terrorist organization (as defined in subsection (c)(4)), that the organization has engaged or engages in terrorist activity (as defined in section 212 of the Immigration and Nationality Act), or that the organization has engaged or engages in terrorism (as defined in section 140(d)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989).(b)Extraterritorial Jurisdiction.—There is extraterritorial Federal jurisdiction over an offense under this section. There is jurisdiction over an offense under subsection (a) if—(1) an offender is a national of the United States (as defined in 11 So in original. The word “section” probably should appear after “in”. 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act) or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States (as defined in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act);(2) an offender is a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States;(3) after the conduct required for the offense occurs an offender is brought into or found in the United States, even if the conduct required for the offense occurs outside the United States;(4) the offense occurs in whole or in part within the United States;(5) the offense occurs in or affects interstate or foreign commerce; or(6) an offender aids or abets any person over whom jurisdiction exists under this paragraph in committing an offense under subsection (a) or conspires with any person over whom jurisdiction exists under this paragraph to commit an offense under subsection (a).(c)Definitions.—As used in this section—(1) the term “military-type training” includes training in means or methods that can cause death or serious bodily injury, destroy or damage property, or disrupt services to critical infrastructure, or training on the use, storage, production, or assembly of any explosive, firearm or other weapon, including any weapon of mass destruction (as defined in section 2232a(c)(2) 22 So in original. Probably should be section “2332a(c)(2)”.);(2) the term “serious bodily injury” has the meaning given that term in section 1365(h)(3);(3) the term “critical infrastructure” means systems and assets vital to national defense, national security, economic security, public health or safety including both regional and national infrastructure. Critical infrastructure may be publicly or privately owned; examples of critical infrastructure include gas and oil production, storage, or delivery systems, water supply systems, telecommunications networks, electrical power generation or delivery systems, financing and banking systems, emergency services (including medical, police, fire, and rescue services), and transportation systems and services (including highways, mass transit, airlines, and airports); and(4) the term “foreign terrorist organization” means an organization designated as a terrorist organization under section 219(a)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act.(Added Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6602, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3761.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

Sections 101, 212, and 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b)(1), and (c)(4), are classified to sections 1101, 1182, and 1189, respectively, of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Section 140(d)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to section 2656f(d)(2) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 11 cases (6 in the last 5 years), 2013–2026 · leading case: United States v. Ahmed, 94 F. Supp. 3d 394 (E.D.N.Y 2015).
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United States v. Ahmed, 94 F. Supp. 3d 394 (E.D.N.Y 2015). · cites it 7× “18 U.S.C. § 2339D; PL 108-458, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat.”
United States v. Mehanna, 735 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2013). “See 18 U.S.C. § 2339D(a). 6 . The defendant makes a fleeting argument that the district court's "coordination” instruction was directed only to count 1 and that the district court failed to instruct on the coordination element with regard to counts 2 and 3.”
United States v. Doe, 323 F. Supp. 3d 368 (E.D.N.Y 2018). · cites it 4× “§ 2339B, and receiving military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization, 18 U.S.C. § 2339D. He pled guilty on November 26, 2014.”
United States v. Medunjanin, 752 F.3d 576 (2d Cir. 2014). “on January 8, Medun-janin was presented with a waiver-of-speedy-arraignment form that indicated he was being charged with receiving military-type training from al-Qaeda, in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Jones, 100 F.4th 103 (2d Cir. 2024). · cites it 2× “§§ 371 and 2339D (Count Three); receipt of military-type training from al-Shabaab, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2339D (Count Four); and possessing, carrying, and using firearms during and in relation to the above offenses, in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Kourani, 6 F.4th 345 (2d Cir. 2021). “§ 2339B (Counts One and Two); receiving and conspiring to receive military-type training from Hizballah, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2339D (Counts Three and Four); 6 contributing and conspiring to contribute services to Hizballah, in violation of 50 U.”
Medunjanin v. United States, 99 F.4th 129 (2d Cir. 2024). “§ 956 (a)(1) and receiving military-style training from a foreign terrorist organization in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2339D—were not “crime of violence” predicates.”
United States v. Ibraheem Musaibli, 42 F.4th 603 (6th Cir. 2022). “§ 924 (c)(1)(A), (B)(ii); and “receipt of military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization” in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2339D(a). R. 48 (First Superseding Indictment at 1–5) (Page ID #104–08); R.”
United States v. Saab (2d Cir. 2026). · cites it 9× “In 2022, after a jury trial, Appellant-Defendant Alexei Saab was convicted of, inter alia, receiving military-type training from Hizballah (also known as Hezbollah)—a designated foreign terrorist organization (“FTO”)—from 1996 to 2005, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2339D, 3238…”
United States v. Ahmed Mohammed El Gammal, Also Known as Jammie Gammal (2d Cir. 2020). “§ 2339B; aiding and abetting the receipt of military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2339D and 2; and conspiring to have another person receive military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization, in violation of 18 U.”
Kourani v. Dep't of Just. (S.D.N.Y. 2024). “C. §§ 2339B(a)(1), (d)(1)(A), (d)(1)(C), (d)(1)(D), (d)(1)(E), (d)(1)(F), (d)(2), and 3238) (conspiring to provide material support to Hezbollah) (count two); 18 U.”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2339D(a) — 5 cases
United States v. Ahmed, 94 F. Supp. 3d 394 (E.D.N.Y 2015). “18 U.S.C. § 2339D; PL 108-458, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat.”
United States v. Mehanna, 735 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2013). “See 18 U.S.C. § 2339D(a). 6 . The defendant makes a fleeting argument that the district court's "coordination” instruction was directed only to count 1 and that the district court failed to instruct on the coordination element with regard to counts 2 and 3.”
United States v. Ibraheem Musaibli, 42 F.4th 603 (6th Cir. 2022). “§ 924 (c)(1)(A), (B)(ii); and “receipt of military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization” in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2339D(a). R. 48 (First Superseding Indictment at 1–5) (Page ID #104–08); R.”
Kourani v. Dep't of Just. (S.D.N.Y. 2024). “C. §§ 2339B(a)(1), (d)(1)(A), (d)(1)(C), (d)(1)(D), (d)(1)(E), (d)(1)(F), (d)(2), and 3238) (conspiring to provide material support to Hezbollah) (count two); 18 U.”
United States v. Saab (2d Cir. 2026). “In 2022, after a jury trial, Appellant-Defendant Alexei Saab was convicted of, inter alia, receiving military-type training from Hizballah (also known as Hezbollah)—a designated foreign terrorist organization (“FTO”)—from 1996 to 2005, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2339D, 3238…”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2339D(b) — 1 case
United States v. Ahmed, 94 F. Supp. 3d 394 (E.D.N.Y 2015). “18 U.S.C. § 2339D; PL 108-458, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat.”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2339D(c)(1) — 1 case
United States v. Saab (2d Cir. 2026). “In 2022, after a jury trial, Appellant-Defendant Alexei Saab was convicted of, inter alia, receiving military-type training from Hizballah (also known as Hezbollah)—a designated foreign terrorist organization (“FTO”)—from 1996 to 2005, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2339D, 3238…”
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