18 U.S.C. § 37

Violence at international airports

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(a)Offense.—A person who unlawfully and intentionally, using any device, substance, or weapon—(1) performs an act of violence against a person at an airport serving international civil aviation that causes or is likely to cause serious bodily injury (as defined in section 1365 of this title) or death; or(2) destroys or seriously damages the facilities of an airport serving international civil aviation or a civil aircraft not in service located thereon or disrupts the services of the airport,if such an act endangers or is likely to endanger safety at that airport, or attempts or conspires to do such an act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and if the death of any person results from conduct prohibited by this subsection, shall be punished by death or imprisoned for any term of years or for life.(b)Jurisdiction.—There is jurisdiction over the prohibited activity in subsection (a) if—(1) the prohibited activity takes place in the United States; or(2) the prohibited activity takes place outside the United States and (A) the offender is later found in the United States; or (B) an offender or a victim is a national of the United States (as defined in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22))).(c)Bar to Prosecution.—It is a bar to Federal prosecution under subsection (a) for conduct that occurred within the United States that the conduct involved was during or in relation to a labor dispute, and such conduct is prohibited as a felony under the law of the State in which it was committed. For purposes of this section, the term “labor dispute” has the meaning set forth in section 2(c) 11 So in original. Probably should be section “13(c)”. of the Norris-LaGuardia Act, as amended (29 U.S.C. 113(c)), and the term “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60021(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1979; amended Pub. L. 104–132, title VII, §§ 721(g), 723(a)(1), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1299, 1300; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, §§ 601(q), 607(o), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3502, 3512.)Editorial NotesAmendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–132, § 723(a)(1), inserted “or conspires” after “attempts” in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–132, § 721(g), inserted subpar. (A) designation and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–294 inserted heading and inserted “, and the term ‘State’ means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States” before period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date

Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60021(c), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1980, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall take effect on the later of—“(1) the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 13, 1994]; or“(2) the date on which the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 23 September 1971, has come into force and the United States has become a party to the Protocol.” [Protocol came into force and United States became a party to the Protocol Nov. 18, 1994, Treaty Doc. 100–19.]

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 24 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1984–2025 · leading case: Jones v. United States, 526 U.S. 227 (1999).
Jones v. United States, 526 U.S. 227 (1999). · cites it 2× “§ 928 (b)(2) (assault by a member of the armed forces); 18 U. S. C. § 37 (a)(1) (violence at international airports); § 1091(a)(2) (genocide).”
United States v. Adam Gardenhire, 784 F.3d 1277 (9th Cir. 2015). · cites it 3× “§ 32 (a)(1) (willfully setting fire to an aircraft), 18 U.S.C. § 37 (intentionally performing an act of violence against a person at an airport), 18 U.”
United States v. William Joseph Harris, 243 F.3d 806 (4th Cir. 2001). “§ 928 (b)(2); 18 U.S.C. § 37 (a)(1); and 18 U.S.C. § 1091 (a)(2)).”
Charangeet Singh-Kaur v. John Ashcroft, Attorney Gen. United States of Am., 385 F.3d 293 (3rd Cir. 2004). “§ 32 ; violence at international airports, 18 U.S.C. § 37 ; prohibitions with respect to biological weapons, 18 U.”
United States v. Thekkedajh Peethamb Menon, 24 F.3d 550 (3rd Cir. 1994). “We first note that until recently, the Supreme Court generally interpreted “defraud” to extend to actions preventing the government from carrying out its lawful functions even when the government did not lose any revenue.”
United States v. William E. Butner, United States of Am. v. William E. Butner, 277 F.3d 481 (4th Cir. 2002). “William Eugene Butner appeals, challenging his convictions for bankruptcy fraud and conspiracy to commit bankruptcy fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 37 and 152(1). Finding no error, we affirm both *484 convictions.”
Sec. & Exch. Comm'n v. Resnick, 604 F. Supp. 2d 773 (D. Maryland 2009). “¶¶ 55, 57, 59, & 61); and (3) he engaged in a conspiracy to do all of the above in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 37 {id. ¶¶ 46-51), a conspiracy which included false record-keeping in violation of 15 U.”
United States v. Defreitas, 718 F.3d 115 (2d Cir. 2013). “On June 28, 2007, a grand jury indicted the defendants on the above charges, as well as a charge of conspiracy to destroy international airport facilities, in violation *120 of 18 U.S.C. §§ 37 (a), 37(b)(1), and 37(b)(2).”
United States v. Geoffry Kouevi, 698 F.3d 126 (3rd Cir. 2012). “1 A federal grand jury subsequently returned a two-count indictment charging Kouevi with conspiracy to commit visa fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 37 , and visa fraud, in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Madhatta Haipe, 769 F.3d 1189 (D.C. Cir. 2014). “, 18 U.S.C. § 37 (prohibiting violence at international airports, both within and outside of the United States).”
United States v. Ibrahim, 529 F. App'x 59 (2d Cir. 2013). “§ 32 (a)(8); Count Four with conspiracy to destroy international airport facilities, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 37 (a), (b)(1), and (b)(2); and Count Five with conspiracy to attack a mass transportation facility, in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Munir, 953 F. Supp. 2d 470 (E.D.N.Y 2013). “See 18 U.S.C. § 37 ; Min. Entry, Jan. 7, 2013, ECF No.”
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