U.S. Code » Title 20 » Chapter CHAPTER 33— EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER III— INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES

20 U.S.C. § 1431

Findings and policy

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(a) FindingsCongress finds that there is an urgent and substantial need—(1) to enhance the development of infants and toddlers with disabilities, to minimize their potential for developmental delay, and to recognize the significant brain development that occurs during a child’s first 3 years of life;(2) to reduce the educational costs to our society, including our Nation’s schools, by minimizing the need for special education and related services after infants and toddlers with disabilities reach school age;(3) to maximize the potential for individuals with disabilities to live independently in society;(4) to enhance the capacity of families to meet the special needs of their infants and toddlers with disabilities; and(5) to enhance the capacity of State and local agencies and service providers to identify, evaluate, and meet the needs of all children, particularly minority, low-income, inner city, and rural children, and infants and toddlers in foster care.(b) PolicyIt is the policy of the United States to provide financial assistance to States—(1) to develop and implement a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency system that provides early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families;(2) to facilitate the coordination of payment for early intervention services from Federal, State, local, and private sources (including public and private insurance coverage);(3) to enhance State capacity to provide quality early intervention services and expand and improve existing early intervention services being provided to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families; and(4) to encourage States to expand opportunities for children under 3 years of age who would be at risk of having substantial developmental delay if they did not receive early intervention services.(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, § 101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2744.)Editorial NotesPrior Provisions

A prior section 1431, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, § 101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 106, set out findings and policy, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1431, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 631, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 184; Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 11, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1369; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 308, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1165; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 104(b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3298; Pub. L. 101–476, title IV, § 401, title IX, § 901(b)(129)–(142), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1129, 1148; Pub. L. 102–119, §§ 9(a), (b), 25(a)(12), (b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 593, 594, 606, 607; Pub. L. 102–421, title II, § 202, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 102–569, title IX, § 912(a), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4486; Pub. L. 103–73, title III, § 302, Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 103–218, title IV, § 401, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 95, related to grants for personnel training, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–17.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date

Subchapter effective July 1, 2005, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 108–446, set out as a note under section 1400 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 16 cases, 1984–2018 · leading case: Bucks Cnty. Dep't of Mental Health/mental Retardation v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Dep't of Pub. Welfare Barbara Demora, 379 F.3d 61 (3rd Cir. 2004).
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Bucks Cnty. Dep't of Mental Health/mental Retardation v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Dep't of Pub. Welfare Barbara Demora, 379 F.3d 61 (3rd Cir. 2004). · cites it 3× “” 20 U.S.C. § 1431 (b)(1). Under Part C, infants and toddlers with disabilities, up to age three, are entitled to early intervention services provided at no cost and designed to meet the developmental needs of the children.”
\ BD\" v. DeBuono", 130 F. Supp. 2d 401 (S.D.N.Y. 2000). · cites it 2× “§ 1983 , for violations of due process rights guaranteed to Plaintiffs by virtue of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), 20 U.S.C. § 1431 et seq., the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (“Rehabilitation Act”), 29 U.”
W.R. v. State of Ohio Health Dep't, 651 F. App'x 514 (6th Cir. 2016). · cites it 2× “27, 2015) (quoting 20 U.S.C. § 1431 ). The more widely known IDEA Part B provides services for children with disabilities who are ages 3-21, primarily while the child is in school.”
I.L. ex rel. Taylor v. Knox Cnty. Bd. of Educ., 257 F. Supp. 3d 946 (E.D. Tenn. 2017). “20 U.S.C. § 1431 (a). It provides for a single statewide system of administration headed by a state agency.”
Andrew M. v. Delaware Cnty. Off. of Mental Health & Mental Retardation, 490 F.3d 337 (3rd Cir. 2007). · cites it 3× “Two of the claims in this case arise under Part C of the IDEA, 20 U.S.C. § 1431 , et seq. Based on a Congressional finding that there was an urgent need to “enhance development” for toddlers with disabilities and help families meet the needs of their toddlers with disabilities,…”
Mr. & Mrs. a. v. Ny City Dep't of Educ., 769 F. Supp. 2d 403 (S.D.N.Y. 2011). “” 20 U.S.C. § 1431 (a)(5). This finding animates IDEA’S requirement that special education services are to be provided “at no cost to parents,” id.”
Kacie Nickel v. Stephens Coll., 480 S.W.3d 390 (Mo. Ct. App. 2015). “§ 701 ), and/or the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( 20 U.S.C. § 1431 ).” The Court declines to review Nickel’s third point on appeal.”
BD v. DeBuono, 177 F. Supp. 2d 201 (S.D.N.Y. 2001). “§ 1983 , alleging violations of due process rights granted to them by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1431 , et seq. (“IDEA”), the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.”
Chris D. v. Montgomery Cnty. Bd. of Educ., 753 F. Supp. 922 (M.D. Ala. 1990). “, 20 U.S.C.A. § 1431 (c). 43 . Compare Doe, 915 F.”
Bucks Cnty. Dep't of Mental Health/Mental Retardation v. De Mora, 227 F. Supp. 2d 426 (E.D. Pa. 2002). “At issue here is Part C of the IDEA, 20 U.S.C. § 1431 et seq, which governs the provision of “early intervention services” to developmentally-challenged infants and toddlers.”
Town of Burlington v. Dep't of Educ., 736 F.2d 773 (1st Cir. 1984). “See 20 U.S.C. § 1431 (a)(2); see also 20 U.S.”
Adams ex rel. Adams v. Oregon, 195 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 1999). “Effective July 1, 1998, IDEA provisions relating to infants and toddlers are contained in 20 U.S.C. § 1431 et seq. See P.L. 105-17, Title I, §§ 101, 111 Stat.”
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