U.S. Code » Title 44 » Chapter CHAPTER 21— NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION

44 U.S.C. § 2101

Definitions

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As used in this chapter—(1) “Presidential archival depository” means an institution operated by the United States to house and preserve the papers and books of a President or former President of the United States, together with other historical materials belonging to a President or former President of the United States, or related to his papers or to the events of his official or personal life, and may include research facilities and museum facilities in accordance with this chapter;(2) “historical materials” including books, correspondence, documents, papers, pamphlets, works of art, models, pictures, photographs, plats, maps, films, motion pictures, sound recordings, and other objects or materials having historical or commemorative value;(3) “Archivist” means the Archivist of the United States appointed under section 2103 of this title; and(4) “Administration” means the National Archives and Records Administration established under section 2102 of this title.(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1287; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, § 102(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2282; Pub. L. 99–323, § 2, May 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 495.)Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., § 397(j) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, § 507, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, § 6(d), 64 Stat. 583, and amended July 12, 1962, ch. 703, § 1(o), (p), 66 Stat. 594; July 12, 1955, ch. 329, 69 Stat. 297; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 859, 69 Stat. 695; July 3, 1956, ch. 513, § 4, 70 Stat. 494; June 13, 1957, Pub. L. 85–51, 71 Stat. 69; Mar. 15, 1958, Pub. L. 85–341, § 1(1), 72 Stat. 34).

Editorial NotesAmendments

1986—Par. (1). Pub. L. 99–323 inserted “, and may include research facilities and museum facilities in accordance with this chapter” after “or personal life”.

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted “this chapter” for “sections 2103–2113 of this title”, designated two existing paragraphs as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, and added pars. (3) and (4).

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 45 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1973–2025 · leading case: Nixon v. Warner Commc'ns, Inc., 435 U.S. 589 (1978).
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Nixon v. Warner Commc'ns, Inc., 435 U.S. 589 (1978). · cites it 4× “" "Historical materials" is defined in 44 U. S. C. § 2101 as "including books, correspondence, documents, papers, pamphlets, works of art, models, pictures, photographs, plats, maps, films, motion pictures, sound recordings, and other objects or materials having historical or…”
Nixon v. Adm'r of Gen. Servs., 433 U.S. 425 (1977). · cites it 4× “" Section 101 (b) provides that notwithstanding any such agreement or understanding, the Administrator also "shall receive, retain, or make reasonable efforts to obtain, complete possession and control of all papers, documents, memorandums, transcripts, and other objects and…”
Nixon v. Adm'r of Gen. Servs., 408 F. Supp. 321 (D.D.C. 1976). · cites it 4× “In its most important features, the Nixon-Sampson agreement provides that all “presidential historical materials” 4 accumulated during the Nixon presidency were to be placed under deposit pursuant to the Federal Records Act, 44 U.S.C. §§ 2101 et seq. (1970), and transferred to…”
Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Washington v. U.S. Sec. & Exch. Comm'n, 916 F. Supp. 2d 141 (D.D.C. 2013). · cites it 2× “Before the SEC responded, CREW brought this suit against the Commission and its Chairman, alleging violations of the FRA, 44 U.S.C. §§ 2101 et seq., 3101 et seq., 3301 et seq.”
Nixon v. Sampson, 389 F. Supp. 107 (D.D.C. 1975). · cites it 5× “In support of this proposition, they argue that any historical practice of claims of ownership by prior Presidents was terminated by the Presidential Libraries Act, 44 U. S.C. § 2101 et seq., and that a former President does not have the right to claim Presidential privilege.”
Nixon v. Sirica, 487 F.2d 700 (D.C. Cir. 1973). · cites it 2× “12, 1955) (now 44 U.S.C. §§ 2101 , 2107, 2108). . 44 U.S.”
Voinche v. Obama, 744 F. Supp. 2d 165 (D.D.C. 2010). · cites it 2× “§§ 702 , 703, 704, and 706; the Federal Records Act (“FRA”), 44 U.S.C. § 2101 et seq., including the Disposal of Records Act (“DRA”), 44 U.”
Wolf v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 569 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2008). “The proposed amended complaint, however, seeks to add another FOIA claim based on his request to the NARA for the CIA’s accession schedules for its microfilm records and an APA claim seeking review of the CIA’s and the NARA’s alleged failure to comply with recordkeeping laws,…”
Richard Nixon v. United States, 978 F.2d 1269 (D.C. Cir. 1992). “” 44 U.S.C. § 2101 (2) (1988). . The regulations were to take into account the following factors: (1) the need to provide the public with the full truth, at the earliest reasonable date, of the abuses of governmental power popularly identified under the generic term ‘Watergate’;…”
Scott Armstrong v. George Bush, 924 F.2d 282 (D.C. Cir. 1991). “See 44 U.S.C. §§ 2101 et seq., 2901 et seq., 3101 et seq.”
Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Wash. v. Trump, 302 F. Supp. 3d 127 (D.C. Cir. 2018). “See 44 U.S.C. §§ 2101 et seq. ; see also Armstrong I , 924 F.”
Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Washington v. U.S. Sec. & Exch. Comm'n, 858 F. Supp. 2d 51 (D.D.C. 2012). “44 U.S.C. §§ 2101 et seq., 3101 et seq., 3301 et seq.”
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