Utah Code » Title 77, Chapter 23c — Electronic Information Privacy Act
Utah Code

Utah Code § 77-23c-104 (2026)

Third-party electronic information and records

✓ laws through the 2026 General Session (checked Sept. 2026)
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Except as provided in Subsection (2) or Section 77-22-2.5 or 77-23c-104.1, and subject to Section 77-23c-105, a law enforcement agency may not, except through the use of a search warrant issued by a court upon probable cause, obtain, use, copy, or disclose:
a subscriber record; or
for a criminal investigation or prosecution, any record or information related to a subscriber or a customer, other than a subscriber record, that is:
in the possession of a provider of an electronic communication service or a remote computing service;
created or maintained by a provider of an electronic communication service or a remote computing service; or
received from, or derived from, a record or information originally possessed, created, or maintained by a provider of an electronic communication service or a remote computing service.
Except as provided in Section 77-23c-104.1 and subject to Section 77-23c-105, a law enforcement agency may obtain, use, copy, or disclose a subscriber record, or other record or information related to a subscriber or customer described in Subsection (1)(b), without an investigative subpoena or a warrant, only:
with the informed, affirmed consent of the subscriber or customer;
in accordance with a judicially recognized exception to warrant requirements;
if the subscriber or customer voluntarily discloses the record in a manner that is publicly accessible; or
if the provider of an electronic communication service or remote computing service voluntarily discloses the record:
under a belief that an emergency exists involving the imminent risk to an individual of:
death;
serious physical injury;
sexual abuse;
live-streamed sexual exploitation;
kidnapping; or
human trafficking;
that is inadvertently discovered by the provider, if the record appears to pertain to the commission of:
a felony; or
a misdemeanor involving physical violence, sexual abuse, or dishonesty; or
subject to Subsection (2)(d)(ii), as otherwise permitted under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2702.
A provider of an electronic communication service or remote computing service, or the provider's officers, employees, agents, or other specified persons may not be held liable for information, facilities, or assistance provided in good faith reliance under this section.

Amended by Chapter 338, 2026 General Session

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 1 case (1 in the last 5 years), 2025–2025 · leading case: State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071.
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State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. · cites it 51× “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
Utah Code § 77-23c-104(1): 1 case
State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
Utah Code § 77-23c-104(2): 1 case
State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
Utah Code § 77-23c-104(3): 1 case
State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
Utah Code § 77-23c-104(4): 1 case
State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
Utah Code § 77-23c-104(4)(c): 1 case
State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
Utah Code § 77-23c-104(4)(d)(ii): 1 case
State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
Utah Code § 77-23c-104(4)(d)(iii): 1 case
State v. Andrus, 2025 UT 15, 575 P.3d 1071. “” 31 ¶36 Our analysis requires us to interpret three interrelated parts of the Utah Code: section 77-23c-104 (describing the treatment of subscriber records and incorporating the Subpoena Powers Statute); chapter 22 of title 77 (the Subpoena Powers Statute); and section…”
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