Virginia Code

Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-69.5 (2026)

Meaning of certain terms

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Unless the context should otherwise require, the terms set out in this section shall be construed as follows:

(a) "Courts not of record" shall mean all courts in the Commonwealth below the jurisdictional level of the circuit courts including general district courts and juvenile and domestic relations district courts;

(b) "General district courts" shall mean all courts not of record, except juvenile and domestic relations district courts in counties and cities heretofore designated as county and municipal courts;

(c) "Juvenile and domestic relations district courts" shall mean all courts in counties and cities heretofore designated as juvenile and domestic relations courts or regional juvenile and domestic relations courts;

(d) "District courts" shall mean general district courts and juvenile and domestic relations district courts;

(e) "County courts" and "municipal courts" shall be deemed to refer to general district courts;

(f) "Juvenile and domestic relations courts" and "regional juvenile and domestic relations courts" shall be deemed to refer to juvenile and domestic relations district courts; and

(g) "Chief judge" shall mean that judge so designated for a term to assume primary administrative responsibility for the general district courts or the juvenile and domestic relations district courts in the district served by such judge.

1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1975, c. 334.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 9 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1980–2022 · leading case: Gary D. Knight, Jr. v. Howard Ottrix & Kahlilah Ottrix, 820 S.E.2d 411 (Va. Ct. App. 2018).
Gary D. Knight, Jr. v. Howard Ottrix & Kahlilah Ottrix, 820 S.E.2d 411 (Va. Ct. App. 2018). · cites it 2× “Code § 16.1-69.5(a). “As courts not of record, [juvenile and domestic relations] district courts are creations of the General Assembly.”
James v. Commonwealth, 446 S.E.2d 900 (Va. Ct. App. 1994). · cites it 2× “See Code § 16.1-69.5. 3 The Supreme Court of the United States has noted the important distinction between uncounseled guilty pleas and those entered with the advice of counsel: [E]ven without such an express representation [in the record], it may be appropriate to presume that…”
In re Seaton, 462 B.R. 582 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 2011). · cites it 2× “See Va.Code Ann. § 16.1-69.5 (2011) (defining "Courts not of record” to include General District Courts).”
Webb v. Isaacson (In re Isaacson), 478 B.R. 763 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 2012). · cites it 2× “See Va.Code Ann. § 16.1-69.5 (defining "Courts not of record” to include General District Courts).”
Air Power, Inc. v. The United States of Am., 741 F.2d 53 (4th Cir. 1984). · cites it 2× “” Va.Code § 16.1-69.5 (1972). 2 The majority’s opinion not only ignores the plain language of the Virginia statute but also violates the principle of uniformity.”
Croteau v. Croteau (In Re Croteau), 246 B.R. 254 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 2000). · cites it 4× “” Va.Code Ann. § 16.1-69.5(a). District courts are divided into two types: general district courts and juvenile and domestic relations district courts.”
Jill Ruderman v. Kathy Pritchard, 881 S.E.2d 665 (Va. Ct. App. 2022). · cites it 2× “1-106; see Code § 16.1-69.5 (defining “[c]ourts not of record”); Code § 17.”
Dereck Earl Majette, s/k/a, etc v. Commonwealth, No. 1400011 (Va. Ct. App. Aug. 20, 2002). · cites it 2× “VI, § 1 (trial courts are courts of record); Code § 16.1-69.5 (general district courts are courts not of record).”
Swimley v. Lamp, 4 Va. Cir. 22 (Frederick Cir. Ct. 1980). “A General District Court is a "court not of record" by statutory definition, § 16.1-69.5(a) and (b). Because of the greater formality attendant upon the proceedings in Circuit Courts and in particular the recordation of orders, judgments and decrees, there is considerable…”
Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-69.5(a): 3 cases
Gary D. Knight, Jr. v. Howard Ottrix & Kahlilah Ottrix, 820 S.E.2d 411 (Va. Ct. App. 2018). “Code § 16.1-69.5(a). “As courts not of record, [juvenile and domestic relations] district courts are creations of the General Assembly.”
Croteau v. Croteau (In Re Croteau), 246 B.R. 254 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 2000). “” Va.Code Ann. § 16.1-69.5(a). District courts are divided into two types: general district courts and juvenile and domestic relations district courts.”
Swimley v. Lamp, 4 Va. Cir. 22 (Frederick Cir. Ct. 1980). “A General District Court is a "court not of record" by statutory definition, § 16.1-69.5(a) and (b). Because of the greater formality attendant upon the proceedings in Circuit Courts and in particular the recordation of orders, judgments and decrees, there is considerable…”
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