Alaska Statutes
Alaska Stat. § 29.05.031 (2026)
Incorporation of a borough or unified municipality
✓ current as of July 2026
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Sec. 29.05.031. Incorporation of a borough or unified municipality.
(a) An area that meets the following standards may incorporate as a home rule, first class, or second class borough, or as a unified municipality:
(1) the population of the area is interrelated and integrated as to its social, cultural, and economic activities, and is large and stable enough to support borough government;
(2) the boundaries of the proposed borough or unified municipality conform generally to natural geography and include all areas necessary for full development of municipal services;
(3) the economy of the area includes the human and financial resources capable of providing municipal services; evaluation of an area's economy includes land use, property values, total economic base, total personal income, resource and commercial development, anticipated functions, expenses, and income of the proposed borough or unified municipality;
(4) land, water, and air transportation facilities allow the communication and exchange necessary for the development of integrated borough government.
(b) An area may not incorporate as a third class borough.
(a) An area that meets the following standards may incorporate as a home rule, first class, or second class borough, or as a unified municipality:
(1) the population of the area is interrelated and integrated as to its social, cultural, and economic activities, and is large and stable enough to support borough government;
(2) the boundaries of the proposed borough or unified municipality conform generally to natural geography and include all areas necessary for full development of municipal services;
(3) the economy of the area includes the human and financial resources capable of providing municipal services; evaluation of an area's economy includes land use, property values, total economic base, total personal income, resource and commercial development, anticipated functions, expenses, and income of the proposed borough or unified municipality;
(4) land, water, and air transportation facilities allow the communication and exchange necessary for the development of integrated borough government.
(b) An area may not incorporate as a third class borough.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 8
cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1993–2026 · leading case: In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases (Alaska Redistricting Bd. / Girdwood / East Anchorage), 528 P.3d 40 (Alaska 2023).
In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases, In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases (Alaska Redistricting Bd. / Girdwood / East Anchorage), 528 P.3d 40 (Alaska 2023). “’ ” (quoting AS 29.05.031)). Cf. id. at 51 n.20 (stating (continued.”
for Incorporation of City & Borough of Yakutat v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 900 P.2d 721 (Alaska 1995). “AS 29.05.031(a) articulates the standards for borough incorporation: *724 An area that meets the following standards may incorporate as a home rule, first class, or second class borough: (1) the population of the area is interrelated and integrated as to its social, cultural,…”
Lake & Peninsula Borough v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 885 P.2d 1059 (Alaska 1994). “” See AS 29.05.031. 22 . "We will not overturn a trial court's decision that an action is barred by laches unless we have a firm and definite conviction that a mistake has been committed.”
Valleys Borough Support Comm. v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 863 P.2d 232 (Alaska 1993). “It has been replaced by AS 29.05.031. The standards set forth in AS 29.”
Hickel v. Se. Conf., 846 P.2d 38 (Alaska 1993). “" AS 29.05.031. [20] Divisions of Ketchikan and Sitka are not permissible unless the resulting districts evidence a pattern of relative socio-economic integration.”
In Re 2001 Redistricting Cases, 47 P.3d 1089 (Alaska 2002). “at 51 (quoting AS 29.05.031) ("By statute, a borough must have a population which 'is interrelated and integrated as to its social, cultural, and economic activities.”
United States v. Pleier, 849 F. Supp. 1321 (D. Alaska 1994). “011 (cities); AS 29.05.031 (boroughs). Under certain circumstances, either a city or a borough can adopt a home rule charter, and may thereafter be called a municipality.”
Mun. of Anchorage, formerly d/b/a Mun. Light & Power Dep't v. State of Alaska, Dep't of Revenue (Alaska 2026). “-14- 7807 reasoned that the statute’s use of terms like “ ‘large enough,’ ‘stable enough,’ ‘conform generally,’ ‘all areas necessary and proper,’ ‘necessary or desirable,’ [and] ‘adequate level’ ”49 indicated the Commission’s authority to make “broad judgments of political and…”
— Alaska Stat. § 29.05.031(a) — 2 cases
for Incorporation of City & Borough of Yakutat v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 900 P.2d 721 (Alaska 1995). “AS 29.05.031(a) articulates the standards for borough incorporation: *724 An area that meets the following standards may incorporate as a home rule, first class, or second class borough: (1) the population of the area is interrelated and integrated as to its social, cultural,…”
Valleys Borough Support Comm. v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 863 P.2d 232 (Alaska 1993). “It has been replaced by AS 29.05.031. The standards set forth in AS 29.”
— Alaska Stat. § 29.05.031(a)(1) — 2 cases
for Incorporation of City & Borough of Yakutat v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 900 P.2d 721 (Alaska 1995). “AS 29.05.031(a) articulates the standards for borough incorporation: *724 An area that meets the following standards may incorporate as a home rule, first class, or second class borough: (1) the population of the area is interrelated and integrated as to its social, cultural,…”
Valleys Borough Support Comm. v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 863 P.2d 232 (Alaska 1993). “It has been replaced by AS 29.05.031. The standards set forth in AS 29.”
— Alaska Stat. § 29.05.031(a)(2) — 1 case
Lake & Peninsula Borough v. Local Boundary Comm'n, 885 P.2d 1059 (Alaska 1994). “” See AS 29.05.031. 22 . "We will not overturn a trial court's decision that an action is barred by laches unless we have a firm and definite conviction that a mistake has been committed.”
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