Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir. 1989). · Go Syfert
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Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir. 1989). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
58 citation events across 27 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Quigley v. Rosenthal (cod, 1999-03-11)
Treatment trajectory · 1989 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1989 2007 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 27 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Quigley v. Rosenthal
D. Colo. · 1999 · confidence medium
Although it appears that the Tenth Circuit has not specifically addressed the issue, “[v]irtually every court to have faced the question of whether cordless phone conversations were oral communications under [section] 2510(2) answered in the negative.” In re Askin, 47 F.3d at 103 (citing United States v. Smith, 978 F.2d 171, 174-76 [5th Cir.1992]; Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 [8th Cir.1989]; U.S. v. Carr, 805 F.Supp. 1266, 1271-72 [E.D.N.C.1992]; Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F.Supp. 584, 589 [M.D.La.1986]); see also United States v. Mathis, 96 F.3d 1577 , 1583 n. 4 (11th Cir.1996) (qu…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hoskins v. Howard (2×) also: Cited "see"
Idaho · 1998 · confidence medium
See McKamey v. Roach, 55 F.3d 1236, 1239-40 (6th Cir. 1995) (scanner used to intercept cordless telephone conversation); United States v. Smith, 978 F.2d 171, 180-81 (5th Cir.1992) (radio scanner to listen to cordless telephone conversation); Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706 (8th Cir. 1989) (cordless telephone used to listen to another cordless telephone conversation); United States v. Carr, 805 F.Supp. 1266, 1271 (E.D.N.C.1992) (radio scanner used to listen to cordless telephone conversations); Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F.Supp. 584, 589 (M.D.La.1986) (radio scanner used to listen to car tele…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Crowley v. Holmes (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
McKamey v. Roach, 55 F.3d 1236, 1238 (6th Cir.1995); Askin v. McNulty, 47 F.3d 100, 103 (4th Cir.1994) (per curiam); Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir.1989); United States v. Smith, 978 F.2d 171, 175-76 (1992), cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 1620 (1993). 3 7 Crowley relies on United States v. Hall, 488 F.2d 193 (1973), which held that radio-telephone communications involving land-line phones were included within the Act.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McKamey v. Roach
6th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
See In re Askin, 47 F.3d 100, 103 (4th Cir.1995); United States v. Smith, 978 F.2d 171, 175 (5th Cir.1992) (noting that “Title III expressly excludes cordless telephone transmissions from the definitions of ‘wire’ and ‘electronic’ communication”), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1620 , 123 L.Ed.2d 179 (1993); Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706 (8th Cir.1989) (per curiam) (stating that “the emerging view is that cordless telephone transmissions were not “wire communications’ even before the 1986 amendment”), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mckamey v. Roach
6th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
See In re Askin, 47 F.3d 100, 103 (4th Cir.1995); United States v. Smith, 978 F.2d 171, 175 (5th Cir.1992) (noting that "Title III expressly excludes cordless telephone transmissions from the definitions of 'wire' and 'electronic' communication"), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 1620 , 123 L.Ed.2d 179 (1993); Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706 (8th Cir.1989) (per curiam) (stating that "the emerging view is that cordless telephone transmissions were not 'wire communications' even before the 1986 amendment"), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990); United Sta…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re: Steven M. Askin, United States of America v. Mark T. McNulty
4th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
See Smith, 978 F.2d at 175-76 ; Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990); United States v. Carr, 805 F.Supp. 1266, 1271-72 (E.D.N.C.1992); Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F.Supp. 584, 589 (M.D.La.1986).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Samuel Lee Clark
8th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990); United States v. Kiser, 948 F.2d 418, 423 (8th Cir.1991), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 112 S.Ct. 1666 , 118 L.Ed.2d 387 (1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fourth Amendment Implications of Military Use of Forward Looking Infrared Radars Technology for Civilian Law Enforcement
OLC · 1992 · confidence medium
Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir. 1989), cert, denied, 493 U.S. 1022 (1990); United States v. H all, 488 F.2d 193, 198 (9th Cir. 1973); United States v. Hoffa, 436 F.2d 1243, 1247 (7th Cir. 1970), cert, denied, 400 U.S. 1000 (1971).12 These decisions demonstrate that the question whether the acquisition of informa­ tion is a “search” must depend on more than whether the information may be perceived by the natural senses.
cited Cited "see" Singleton v. Cecil
8th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir.1989) (per curiam) (no justifiable expectation of privacy in oral communication over cordless telephone).
discussed Cited "see" David C. Singleton v. Don Cecil (2×)
8th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir. 1989) (per curiam) (no justifiable expectation of privacy in oral communication over cordless telephone).
discussed Cited "see" Singleton v. Cecil
E.D. Mo. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990) (holding that individuals could not maintain action against private citizens and law enforcement officers who intercepted individuals' cordless telephone conversations, as users of cordless telephone did not have justifiable expectation of privacy for their conversations); State v. King, 873 S.W.2d 905, 909 (Mo.Ct.App.1994); see also Madewell v. Roberts, 909 F.2d 1203, 1208 (8th Cir.1990) (holding that liability under § 1983 requires a causal link to, and direct respo…
cited Cited "see" State v. Faford
Wash. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 (1990); United States v. Carr, 805 F. Supp. 1266 (E.D.N.C. 1992); Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F. Supp. 584 (M.D.
discussed Cited "see" State v. Faford
Wash. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990); United States v. Carr, 805 F.Supp. 1266 (E.D.N.C.1992); Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F.Supp. 584 (M.D.La.), aff'd, 808 F.2d 54 (5th Cir.1986); State v. Smith, 149 Wis.2d 89 , 438 N.W.2d 571 (1989); People v. Fata, 139 Misc.2d 979 , 529 N.Y.S.2d 683 (Rockland Cy.Ct.1988); State v. Delaurier, 488 A.2d 688 (R.I.1985); State v. Howard, 235 Kan. 236 , 679 P.2d 197 (1984); see also 18 U.S.C. §§ 2510-20 (1968), as amended.
cited Cited "see" Mozo v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Sullivan
usarmymilrev · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir.1989); State v. Smith, 149 Wis.2d 89 , 438 N.W.2d 571 (1989); State v. Delaurier, 488 A.2d 688 (R.I.1985); State v. Howard, 235 Kan. 236 , 679 P.2d 197 (1984).
cited Cited "see" Opinion No.
Ark. Att'y Gen. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir. 1989).
discussed Cited "see" State v. McVeigh (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Conn. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S. Ct. 723 , 107 L.
examined Cited "see" U.S. v. Smith (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
5th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler, 877 F.2d at 706 .
examined Cited "see" United States v. David Lee Smith (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
5th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler, 877 F.2d at 706 .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Carr
E.D.N.C. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990) (“[be cause the expectation of privacy requirement for oral communication is drawn from Supreme Court holdings applicable to fourth amendment analysis ..., the test for the ... constitutional claim and [the] Wiretap Act claim is the same”).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Cafarelli v. Yancy
W.D. Mich. · 1999 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 707 (8th Cir.1989).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Chandler v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Tyler v. Berodt , 877 F.2d 705 (8th Cir. 1989); State v. Delaurier , 488 A.2d 688 (R.I. 1985); State v. Smith , 149 Wis.2d 89 , 438 N.W.2d 571 (1989).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Pat Birmingham v. Michael Schacher, Ben Hicks, Glenn Faber
9th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706-07 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 (1990); State v. Smith, 438 N.W.2d 571, 577 (Wis.1989); People v. Fata, 529 N.Y.S.2d 683, 686 (N.Y.Co.Ct.1988); State v. Delaurier, 488 A.2d 688, 694 (R.I.1985); State v. Howard, 679 P.2d 197, 206 (Kan.1984).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Duran
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
Cases from other jurisdictions construing its federal counterpart appear to be unanimous in holding that such communications are not within the protected category either because the interception is of radio waves rather than the person’s “actual utterances that were overheard,” see United States v. Smith, 978 F.2d 171, 175 (5th Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 999 , 113 S.Ct. 1620 , 123 L.Ed.2d 179 (1993), or because the speaker can have no reasonable expectation of privacy in view of the ease with which cordless telephone conversations may be intercepted by other telephones or nearby …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Bidinost
Ohio · 1994 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Tyler v. Berodt (C.A.8, 1989), 877 F.2d 705 ; Edwards v. Bardwell (M.D.La.1986), 632 F.Supp. 584 , affirmed (C.A.5, 1986), 808 F.2d 54 ; State v. Smith (1989), 149 Wis.2d 89 , 438 N.W.2d 571 ; People v. Fata (Cty.Ct. 1988), 139 Misc.2d 979 , 529 N.Y.S.2d 683 ; and State v. Howard (1984), 235 Kan. *462 236, 679 P.2d 197 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Bidinost
Ohio · 1994 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Tyler v. Berodt (C.A.8, 1989), 877 F.2d 705 ; Edwards v. Bardwell (M.D.La.1986), 632 F.Supp. 584 , affirmed (C.A.5, 1986), 808 F.2d 54 ; State v. Smith (1989), 149 Wis.2d 89 , 438 N.W.2d 571 ; People v. Fata (Cty.Ct.1988), 139 Misc.2d 979 , 529 N.Y.S.2d 683 ; and State v. Howard (1984), 235 Kan. 236 , 679 P.2d 197 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Raymond T. Mahlberg v. Edward J. Mentzer, Individually and in His Official Capacity
8th Cir. · 1992 · signal: compare · confidence medium
Compare Tyler v. Berodt, 877 F.2d 705, 706 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1022 , 110 S.Ct. 723 , 107 L.Ed.2d 743 (1990) (Iowa law), and Duncan v. Clements, 744 F.2d 48, 51 (8th Cir.1984) (Missouri law), with Patzner v. Burkett, 779 F.2d 1363 , 1369 n. 7 (8th Cir.1985) (North Dakota law).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Scott C. Tyler, Individually Sheila Lynn Tyler Debra Denise Tyler Jenelle Lorraine Tyler, by Scott C. Tyler, Her Father and Next Friend Bryan Kent Tyler, by Scott C. Tyler, His Father and Next Friend
v.
Rich Berodt Sandra Berodt Everett Howard Scott County, Iowa Forest Ashcraft, Scott County Sheriff
88-2273.
Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Aug 8, 1989.
877 F.2d 705
Cited by 8 opinions  |  Published

877 F.2d 705

Scott C. TYLER, individually; Sheila Lynn Tyler; Debra
Denise Tyler; Jenelle Lorraine Tyler, by Scott C. Tyler,
her father and next friend; Bryan Kent Tyler, by Scott C.
Tyler, his father and next friend, Appellants,
v.
Rich BERODT; Sandra Berodt; Everett Howard; Scott County,
Iowa; Forest Ashcraft, Scott County Sheriff, Appellees.

No. 88-2273.

United States Court of Appeals,
Eighth Circuit.

Submitted May 9, 1989.
Decided June 15, 1989.
Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied Aug. 8, 1989.

Randall C. Wilson, Des Moines, Iowa, for appellants.

Mark D. Cleve, Davenport, Iowa, for appellees.

Before FAGG and MAGILL, Circuit Judges, and HEANEY, Senior Circuit Judge.

PER CURIAM.

[*~705]1

Scott C. Tyler and several members of his family appeal from the order of the district court granting summary judgment against them on their claims against the private citizens and law enforcement officers who intercepted the Tylers' cordless telephone conversations. The district court rejected their claims under the fourth and fourteenth amendments, federal wiretap laws and 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983, and held that Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, Pub.L. No. 90-351, Sec. 802, 82 Stat. 212 (1968) (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. Secs. 2510-20 (1982)) (Wiretap Act), did not prohibit interception of cordless telephone communications.[1] We affirm.

FACTS

2

In 1983, Richard and Sandy Berodt discovered that their cordless telephone could intercept conversations on the cordless telephone in the Tyler household more than four blocks away. Based on what they overheard, the Berodts suspected Scott Tyler of criminal activity. They contacted the Scott County, Iowa, Sheriff's Department and were urged to monitor Tyler's conversations. No court order was obtained. After the Berodts made several tape recordings in this manner, criminal charges were filed against Tyler.

3

In his criminal trial, Tyler moved to suppress evidence of the conversations on the ground that the evidence was gathered in violation of the Wiretap Act. The state trial court granted the motion to suppress, relying on United States v. Hall, 488 F.2d 193, 196-97 (9th Cir.1973) (the exclusionary provisions of the Wiretap Act apply when at least one participant in a telephone conversation uses an ordinary line telephone).

4

On July 31, 1985, Tyler and four members of his family filed this civil suit against the Berodts, the county, and two law enforcement officers. The district court granted the defendants' motions for summary judgment. Rejecting the Hall analysis, the court followed Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F.Supp. 584, 598 (M.D.La.) (Wiretap Act provides no protection against interception of cordless telephone transmissions), aff'd, 808 F.2d 54 (5th Cir.1986) (table; unpublished per curiam) (No. 86-3310). The court also found that the state court decision on the issue did not preclude relitigation. This appeal followed.

DISCUSSION

5

Iowa rules of preclusion apply to this case. Allen v. McCurry, 449 U.S. 90, 96, 101 S.Ct. 411, 66 L.Ed.2d 308 (1980); 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1738. The Berodts and the county officers were not parties to the criminal trial; they had no opportunity to litigate the Wiretap Act issue. Therefore, the Tylers may not use the earlier ruling for "offensive" purposes. Hunter v. City of Des Moines, 300 N.W.2d 121, 126 (Iowa 1981). Accordingly, the district court correctly declined to apply rules of preclusion in this case.

6

At the time of the events alleged in the Tylers' complaint, the Wiretap Act prohibited willful interception of "wire" or "oral" communications. See 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2511. Wire communications were defined as those made at least in part by communications facilities employing "wire, cable, or other like connection between the point of origin and the point of reception." Id. Sec. 2510(1). Oral communication meant that made by "a person exhibiting an expectation that [the conversation] is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectation." Id. Sec. 2510(2).

7

Notwithstanding Hall, supra, the emerging view is that cordless telephone transmissions were not "wire communications" even before the 1986 amendment. See Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F.Supp. at 589 (when either end of conversation originates on radio-telephone, conversation is "oral communication"); State v. DeLaurier, 488 A.2d 688, 693-94 (R.I.1985); State v. Howard, 235 Kan. 236, 247-49, 679 P.2d 197, 204-05 (1984). Hence, the Tylers' cordless communication was protected under federal law only if it qualified as an "oral communication" accompanied by justifiable expectations of privacy.

8

Because the expectation of privacy requirement for oral communication is drawn from Supreme Court holdings applicable to fourth amendment analysis, see Hall, 488 F.2d at 198, the test for the Tylers' constitutional claim and their Wiretap Act claim is the same. Courts have not accepted the assertions of privacy expectation by speakers who were aware that their conversation was being transmitted by cordless telephone. See Edwards v. Bardwell, 632 F.Supp. at 589 (no privacy expectation for conversation "broadcast by radio in all directions to be overheard by countless people"); Hall, 488 F.2d at 198 (particular speakers knew they could be overheard, and thus had no justifiable expectation of privacy); see also DeLaurier, 488 A.2d at 694 (phone came with manual alerting owner that conversation could be transmitted to others); Howard, 235 Kan. at 249, 679 P.2d at 206 (same). Cf. United States v. Hoffa, 436 F.2d 1243 (7th Cir.1970) (no expectation of privacy for conversation over mobile telephones under fourth amendment analysis), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 1000, 91 S.Ct. 455, 27 L.Ed.2d 451 (1971).[2] Therefore, as a matter of federal law, we do not believe the Tylers had a justifiable expectation of privacy for their conversations.[3]

9

The requirement of a privacy expectation also applies to claims under the Communications Act, 47 U.S.C. Sec. 605. See Edwards v. State Farm Ins. Co., 833 F.2d 535, 539 (5th Cir.1987); United States v. Rose, 669 F.2d 23, 26-27 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 828, 103 S.Ct. 63, 74 L.Ed.2d 65 (1982). Therefore, the Tylers' claim under this statute must also fail.

[*~706]10

Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is affirmed.

1

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 subsequently changed the definition of wire communications to provide that "such term does not include the radio portion of a cordless telephone [call] that is transmitted between the cordless telephone handset and the base unit." See Pub.L. No. 99-508, Sec. 101(a), 100 Stat. 1848 (1986). The 1986 legislation was generally a comprehensive overhaul of federal wiretap law, rather than a clarification of pre-existing law. See S.Rep. No. 99-541, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. 2-4, reprinted in 1986 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 3555-3558

2

We leave open whether civil actions may lie against manufacturers for failing to provide adequate warnings. We note that persons using a standard telephone to speak to a cordless telephone user are generally thought to be protected, because such a person has no reason to know his or her words are being broadcast from the cordless phone user's base unit to a handset. DeLaurier, 488 A.2d at 694 n. 4; Howard, 235 Kan. at 249, 679 P.2d at 206

3

We express no view as to whether the defendants' actions violate state law. See Iowa Code Sec. 727.8