Caldwell v. United States, 423 U.S. 1087 (1976). · Go Syfert
Caldwell v. United States, 423 U.S. 1087 (1976). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
265 citation events (9 in the last 25 years) across 69 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Garnett Johnnie Jones (ca4, 1979-11-08)
Treatment trajectory · 1976 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1976 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 47 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Garnett Johnnie Jones (2×)
4th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
the law in this jurisdiction is that jurors must be excused for cause if their experience or that of their close relatives is such as to indicate the probability of partiality.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. County of Clark (2×)
D. Nev. · 2021 · signal: see · confidence high
See FDIC, 884 F.2d at 1306 -07 (citing United States v. Neidorf, 26 522 F.2d 916, 919 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 (1976)).
discussed Cited "see" Dotzler v. Perot
E.D. Mo. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
The information Datalink obtained through this service is not a consumer report within the meaning of FCRA. 15 U.S.C. § 1681a(d); see Hoke v. Retail Credit Corp. 521 F.2d 1079, 1081 (4th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 98 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" Dotzler v. Perot
E.D. Mo. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
The information U.S. Datalink obtained through this service is not a "consumer report" within the meaning of the FCRA. 15 U.S.C. § 1681a(d); see Hoke v. Retail Credit Corp., 521 F.2d 1079, 1081 (4th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 98 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Michael Lee Matthews and Robert G. Prater
2d Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1352-53 (D.C.Cir.1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Bailleaux, 685 F.2d 1105, 1113 (9th Cir.1982) (custody requirement satisfied when tape was in possession of FBI).
discussed Cited "see" Davis v. United States
D.C. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, 178 U.S.App.D.C. 20, 40 , 543 F.2d 1333, 1353 (1974) (no prejudice because defense counsel was made aware of statements at pretrial hearing), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Scafe, 822 F.2d 928, 936 (10th Cir.1987) (no prejudice because defendant was aware of statement before taking the stand); United States v. Heath, 580 F.2d 1011, 1021 (10th Cir.1978) (same), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1075 , 99 S.Ct. 850 , 59 L.Ed.2d 42 (1979).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Mark H. Moore, Sr., Mark H. Moore, Inc., a Georgia Corporation, Frances S. Moore, Mark H. Moore, Jr., Awtrey Cole Moore, II
11th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Unit *1101 ed States v. Neidorf, 522 F.2d 916 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
cited Cited "see" United States v. George Schnabel
4th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Quicksey, 525 F.2d 337 (4th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976). 13 .
cited Cited "see" Federal Deposit Insurance v. British-American Corp.
E.D.N.C. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Neidorf, 522 F.2d 916 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Johnston, 245 F.Supp. 433, 443 (W.D.Ark.1965).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Darryl A. Wills
D.C. Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333 (D.C.Cir.1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. John Torkington
11th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259, 266 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); see also Cadillac Overall Supply, 568 F.2d at 1082 (on a motion to dismiss an indictment the district court must take the allegations to be true).
discussed Cited "see" ATC Petroleum, Inc. v. Sanders
D.D.C. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Neidorf 522 F.2d 916 , 919 n. 5 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976) (A claim for an implied-in-law remedy is, in essence, a claim for unjust enrichment.).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Glenn I. Wright, United States of America v. Dennis Moss
D.C. Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1360 (D.C.Cir.1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" Boone v. United States (2×)
D.C. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, 178 U.S.App.D.C. 20 , 32 & n. 42, 543 F.2d 1333 , 1345 & n. 42 (1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Bryant, 153 U.S.App.D.C. 72 , 76-77, 471 F.2d 1040, 1044-45 (1972), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 1112 , 93 S.Ct. 923 , 34 L.Ed.2d 693 (1973). .
cited Cited "see" Bailey v. State
Del. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, D.C.Cir., 543 F.2d 1333 (1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Maestas
Colo. Ct. App. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Frank, 520 F.2d 1287 (2nd Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); State v. Brown, 549 S.W.2d 336 (Mo.1977); State v. Monsoor, 56 Wis.2d 689 , 203 N.W.2d 20 (1973), habeas corpus granted sub nom.
cited Cited "see" Keller v. State
Tex. Crim. App. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Frank, 520 F.2d 1287 (2nd Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); State of Wisconsin ex rel.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Benson
D.R.I. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); Giragosian v. United States, 349 F.2d 166 (1st Cir.1965).
discussed Cited "see" Martin v. State
Alaska Ct. App. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1364-65 (D.C.Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Del Toro, 426 F.2d 181, 184 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 829 , 91 S.Ct. 58 , 27 L.Ed.2d 60 (1970); Commonwealth v. Ferreira, 373 Mass. 116 , 364 N.E.2d 1264, 1270 (Mass.1977).
cited Cited "see" Stamper v. Baskerville
E.D. Va. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1360 (D.C.Cir.1974) cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Heinlein, 490 F.2d 725, 737 (D.C.Cir.1973).
cited Cited "see" Commonwealth v. Geoghegan
Mass. App. Ct. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259, 270 , 271 & n.7 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied 423 U.S. 1087 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" Commonwealth v. Dwyer
Mass. App. Ct. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Frank, 520 F.2d 1287, 1292 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 (1976); State v. Brown, 549 S.W. 2d 336, 342-343 (Mo. 1977); State v. Monsoor, 56 Wis.2d 689, 701 (1973), habeas corpus granted sub nom.
cited Cited "see" United States v. William P. Broome, Jr.
5th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259, 268 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Anthony Provenzano, Stephen Andretta, and Thomas Andretta
3rd Cir. · 1980 · signal: accord · confidence high
United States v. Grassi, 602 F.2d 1192, 1197 (5th Cir. 1979) (“A cold stipulation can deprive a party ‘of the legitimate moral force of his evidence,’ 9 Wigmore on Evidence § 2591 at 589 (3d ed. 1940), and can never fully substitute for tangible, physical evidence or the testimony of witnesses.”); accord, United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333 , 1359 n.134 (D.C.Cir.1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Dorothy R. Garber (2×)
5th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259, 266 (5th Cir. 1975), Cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" Gulf Oil Trading Company v. Creole Supply and Creole Shipping Ltd., in Personam, and the Freights and Charterhire of the M/v Pyramid Viking and M/v Pyramid Veteran, in Rem v. The Chase Manhattan Bank
2d Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Neidorf, 522 F.2d 916, 919 (9th Cir. 1975), Cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976). 28 Since Chase is solvent, we need not consider whether the specific money obtained from the sale of the vessels or from the freights retained enough identity to serve as the Res of a constructive trust.
cited Cited "see" Gulf Oil Trading Co. v. Creole Supply
2d Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Neidorf, 522 F.2d 916, 919 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Frye (2×)
Md. · 1978 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Quicksey, 525 F. 2d 337 (4th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U. S. 1087 , 96 S. Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); Brown v. United States, 299 F. 2d 438 (D.C.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mejias
S.D.N.Y. · 1976 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Frank, 520 F.2d 1287, 1292 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Brown, 511 F.2d 920, 922-23 (2d Cir. 1975); United States v. Rubinson, 543 F.2d 951 at p. 961 (2d Cir., 1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Cecelia Denise Shepard, United States of America v. Vance Marcel Gibson, A/K/A Reginald Hilton Belton
4th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
The Melvin court affirmed, reasoning that although there may have been sufficient evidence to support a conviction for use of one of the machine guns, it was not possible to "exclude beyond a reasonable doubt the possibility that the jury rendered a guilty verdict ... based on a determination that the defendants possessed only a handgun." Id. at 715 ; see also United States v. Quicksey, 525 F.2d 337, 340-41 (4th Cir.1975) (disapproving imposition of higher penalty when conspiracy charge alleged two objects with differing penalties in the disjunctive and the jury returned a general verdict of g…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. James Oscar Cooper
5th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Quicksey, 525 F.2d 337, 341 (4th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); Brown v. United States, 299 F.2d 438 , 440 (D.C.Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, 370 U.S. 946 , 82 S.Ct. 1593 , 8 L.Ed.2d 812 (1962); 8 James WM.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Ted A. Musacchio
9th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259, 268 (5th Cir.1975) (“Since the term ‘misapplied’ has acquired its own technical meaning, alleging misapplication is sufficient to charge an individual with a crime”), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Moraites, 456 F.2d 435, 441 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 891 , 93 S.Ct. 109 , 34 L.Ed.2d 148 (1972); United States v. Archambault, 441 F.2d 281, 283 (10th Cir.) (indictment did not contain an allegation that defendant converted the bank’s funds, but was still sufficient in that “the s…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Ted A. Musacchio
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259, 268 (5th Cir.1975) (“Since the term ‘misapplied’ has acquired its own technical meaning, alleging misapplication is sufficient to charge an individual with a crime”), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Moraites, 456 F.2d 435, 441 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 891 , 93 S.Ct. 109 , 34 L.Ed.2d 148 (1972); United States v. Archambault, 441 F.2d 281, 283 (10th Cir.) (indictment did not contain an allegation that defendant converted the bank’s funds, but was still sufficient in that “the s…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Russell A. Tinsley v. Bob Borg
9th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see also · confidence low
United States v. Le Pera, 443 F.2d 810, 812 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 958 , 92 S.Ct. 326 , 30 L.Ed.2d 275 (1971); see also United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1347 (D.C.Cir.1974) (refusing to presume biased a policeman’s relative), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); Mikus v. United States, 433 F.2d 719, 723-24 (2d Cir.1970) (in criminal trial, juror former police officer).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. William Hoyle McCright Jr.
5th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
United States v. Farrell, 609 F.2d 816, 818 (5th Cir.1980); see also United States v. Mann, 517 F.2d 259, 267 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Arthur Michael Newman v. United States
10th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
Id. at 1083-84; see also United States v. Quicksey, 525 F.2d 337, 341 (4th Cir.1975) (without a special verdict, a conspiracy conviction which could have been premised on either 18 U.S.C. § 371 or 21 U.S.C. § 846 could not support a sentence in excess of the maximum authorized for § 371, the lesser offense), ce rt. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); Brown v. United States, 299 F.2d 438, 439-40 (D.C.Cir.) (Burger, J.) (without a special verdict, a general conspiracy conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 371 , which could have been premised on any of four underlying offenses…
cited Cited "see, e.g." State v. Betterton
Ala. Crim. App. · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Mann , 517 F.2d 259 , 266 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." John Gibilaro v. Eugene Le Fevre
2d Cir. · 1984 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1360-62 (D.C.Cir. 1974) , cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Brown, 456 F.2d 293, 295 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 407 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 2436 , 32 L.Ed.2d 684 (1972).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Beckett
W. Va. · 1983 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333 (D.C.Cir.1974), *822 cer t. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); Jordan v. State, 247 Ga. 328 , 276 S.E.2d 224 (1981); State v. Heald, 443 A.2d 954 (Me.1982); Commonwealth v. Wilborne, 382 Mass. 241 , 415 N.E.2d 192 (1981); State v. Ternes, 259 N.W.2d 296 (N.D.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 944 , 98 S.Ct. 1524 , 55 L.Ed.2d 540 (1978); State v. Van Dam, 554 P.2d 1324 (Utah 1976); Annot., 72 A.L.R.3d 895 (1976). 3 Generally speaking, a potential juror closely related by blood or marriage to either the prosecuting or defen…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Landry
Me. · 1983 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1352-53 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1975) (letter written by defendant to third person which was subsequently turned over to the police: court refuses to limit language of rule because “fundamental fairness” dictates “granting the accused equal access to his own words, no matter how the government came by them”); United States v. Gleason, 616 F.2d 2, 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1082 , 100 S.Ct. 1037 , 62 L.Ed.2d 767 (1980) (government seeks to use letter written by defendant prior …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Harris
cma · 1982 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333 , 1347 n.57 (D.C.Cir.1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Bentley, 503 F.2d 957 (5th Cir. 1974); United States v. LePera, 443 F.2d 810, 812 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 958 , 92 S.Ct. 326 , 30 L.Ed.2d 275 (1971).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Rubin KREMER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee
2d Cir. · 1980 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., United States v. Caldwell, 543 F.2d 1333, 1369 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976) (on petition for rehearing); United States v. Inmon, 594 F.2d 352, 354 (3 Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 859 , 100 S.Ct. 121 , 62 L.Ed.2d 78 (1979); United States v. Lewis, 475 F.2d 571, 574 (5 Cir. 1973); Timmreck v. United States, 577 F.2d 372 , 376 n.15 (6 Cir. 1978), rev’d on other grounds, 441 U.S. 780 , 99 S.Ct. 2085 , 60 L.Ed.2d 634 (1979); cf. Rules of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, Rule 16 (“A proposed opinion approved…
cited Cited "see, e.g." Joseph Dunbar v. David R. Harris, Superintendent, Green Haven Correctional Facility
2d Cir. · 1979 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., United States v. Frank, 520 F.2d 1287, 1292 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Newman, 490 F.2d 139, 146 (3d Cir. 1974).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Anne Moen Bullitt Biddle Brewster v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
D.C. Cir. · 1979 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., United States v. Caldwell, 148 U.S.App.D.C. 20 , 26 & n. 19, 543 F.2d 1333 , 1339 & n. 19 (1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); United States v. Bryant, 153 U.S.App.D.C. 72 , 78, 471 F.2d 1040, 1046 (1972) (per curiam), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 1112 , 93 S.Ct. 923 , 34 L.Ed.2d 693 (1973).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Arnold Nelson Mahler and Dean H. Ubben
2d Cir. · 1978 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Frank, 520 F.2d 1287 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976). 9 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." David E. Henderson v. Louis Milobsky
D.C. Cir. · 1978 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Id. at 309-311 n.1-2 (breakdown of jurisdictions accepting the rejecting Canterbury ) 14 We might remind at the outset that one panel of this court does not override the decision of another, United States v. Caldwell, 178 U.S.App.D.C. 20 , 56 n. 19, 543 F.2d 1333 , 1369 n.19 (1974) (supplemental opinion), Cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 877 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976), and cases there cited 15 On the risk-disclosure point, the Haven opinion states merely that the panel "re(lied) Primarily on the findings and reasoning set out in" the District Court's opinion.
cited Cited "see, e.g." UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. JAMES OSCAR COOPER
unknown court · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Quicksey, 525 F.2d 337, 341 (4th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 , 96 S.Ct. 878 , 47 L.Ed.2d 97 (1976); Brown v. United States, 299 F.2d 438 , 440 (D.C.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Caldwell, aka Morgan
v.
United States
No. 75-604.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 26, 1976.
423 U.S. 1087

C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.