People v. Arroyo, 717 N.E.2d 696 (N.Y. 1999). · Go Syfert
People v. Arroyo, 717 N.E.2d 696 (N.Y. 1999). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
44 citation events (44 in the last 25 years) across 3 distinct courts.
Treatment trajectory · 2001 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2001 2013 2026
Cited for
93 N.Y.2d at 992 Determining separate acts for consecutive sentencing9 citing cases“overt act must be an independent act that tends to carry out the conspiracy, but need not necessarily be the object of the crime”the opinion's own words at *992, quoted by 2 later opinions · 7 listed here
  • People v. Neyshaliz M. V., 2026 NY Slip Op 04581 (N.Y. App. Div. 4th Dep't 2026).published 3 cites
    Moreover, the Court of Appeals has not adopted one singular definition of "furtherance" in the criminal context ( compare People v Arroyo , 93 NY2d 990, 992 [1999], with Henderson , 25 NY3d at 541 ), and has emphasized that the statutory l…
  • People v. Drumgold, 206 A.D.3d 1044 (N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't 2022).published 2 cites
    An "overt act must be an independent act that tends to carry out the conspiracy, but need not necessarily be the object of the crime" ( People v Arroyo , 93 NY2d 990, 992 [1999] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]).
  • People v. Angona, 119 A.D.3d 1406 (N.Y. App. Div. 4th Dep't 2014).published 2 cites
    In reaching that conclusion, we note that, inasmuch as each of defendant’s four crimes was a separate and distinct act, defendant faced the possibility of consecutive sentences aggregating 100 years, albeit reduced pursuant to Penal Law §…
  • People v. Brennan, 62 A.D.3d 1167 (N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't 2009).published
    When Little and Peavy met at defendant’s residence, armed with loaded firearms and prepared to rob the drug supplier, “the crime of conspiracy was complete” (People v Arroyo, 93 NY2d 990, 992 [1999]; see People v Ribowsky, 77 NY2d 284, 293…
  • People v. Rouse, 4 A.D.3d 553 (N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't 2004).published
    Multiple offenses committed through separate and distinct acts, even if part of a single transaction, may result in consecutive sentences (see People v Arroyo, 93 NY2d 990, 992 [1999]; People v Salcedo, 92 NY2d 1019, 1021 [1998]; People v…
  • People v. Johnson, 2019 NY Slip Op 3847 (N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't 2019).published
    As for the conviction for conspiracy in the second degree, our review of the indictment does not support defendant's claim that the People were required to prove the commission of one of the listed class A felonies as an overt act in furth…
  • People v. Dallas, 58 A.D.3d 1019 (N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't 2009).published
    As such, these crimes were separate and distinct acts that were not part of the same event or criminal transaction and consecutive sentences could be imposed for their commission (see People v Brown, 80 NY2d 361, 364 [1992]; see also Peopl…
93 N.Y.2d at 991 Establishing elements of conspiracy and attempted murder7 citing casesOPINION OF THE COURT Memorandum. The order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed. In January 1991, after some discussion and planning, defendant, Jose…opening of page *991 (no citing court says what it cites this page for) · 5 listed here
  • People v. Alfonso, 142 A.D.3d 1180 (N.Y. App. Div. 2d Dep't 2016).published
    Further, *1183 contrary to the defendant’s contention, the imposition of concurrent sentences on the conspiracy and attempted murder counts was not mandated, as the acts constituting the relevant crimes were separate and distinct (see Peop…
  • People v. Nicholas, 118 A.D.3d 1183 (N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't 2014).published 2 cites
    As to defendant’s challenge to the legal sufficiency of his conviction of conspiracy in the second degree, the People were required to prove that defendant entered into an agreement with his coconspirators to murder the victim and that, in…
  • People v. DePonceau, 96 A.D.3d 1345 (N.Y. App. Div. 4th Dep't 2012).published 2 cites
    We reject defendant’s further contention that the court’s imposition of consecutive sentences of an indeterminate term of incarceration of 10 to 20 years on each count of conspiracy in the second degree was illegal. “[Sentences imposed for…
  • People v. Ackies, 79 A.D.3d 1050 (N.Y. App. Div. 2d Dep't 2010).published
    To establish a defendant’s guilt of conspiracy, the evidence must prove that, with the intent that the object crime be committed, the defendant agreed with one or more people to engage in or cause the commission of the object crime, and th…
  • People v. Ballard, 38 A.D.3d 1001 (N.Y. App. Div. 3d Dep't 2007).published
    Despite defendant’s argument to the contrary, the People were not required to prove that the object of the conspiracy was attained, only that an overt act, such as defendant directing Headley and Alexander to travel to Binghamton, was comp…
Other citing cases1 with no pin cite or quoted language on record
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
The People of the State of New York, Respondent,
v.
Samuel Arroyo, Appellant
New York Court of Appeals.
Jul 8, 1999.
Published opinion
717 N.E.2d 696
1999 N.Y. LEXIS 1424
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL, Lynne F. Stewart, New York City, for appellant., Robert M. Morgenthau, District Attorney of New York County, New York City (Carol A. Remer-Smith and Morrie I. Kleinbart of counsel), for respondent.
Chief Judge Kaye and Judges Bellacosa, Smith, Ciparick, Wesley and Rosenblatt Concur Judge Levine Taking No Part.
Cited by 27 opinions  |  Published

[*991] OPINION OF THE COURT

Memorandum.

The order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed.

In January 1991, after some discussion and planning, defendant, Jose Sorrentini and Chris Claudio — the driver, the lookout and the shooter, respectively — lured Guy Maresca to a deserted area in the Bronx by ordering pizza from his place of employment. When Maresca drove to the appointed address to make his delivery, Claudio ran toward him and fired a single shot. He missed. Claudio made a second attempt to shoot Maresca, but the gun jammed and Maresca sped away. Based on information provided by Sorrentini, a police informant, all three men were arrested and charged. After trial, defendant was convicted of conspiracy in the second degree, attempted murder in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree. He was sentenced to consecutive, indeterminate prison terms of SVs to 25 years and 5 to 15 years, respectively, on the attempted murder and conspiracy counts and to a concurrent term of 5 to 15 years on the weapons possession count.

On appeal, defendant asserts that the court was without authority to impose consecutive sentences for conspiracy and attempted murder. We disagree.

Concurrent sentences are required only “for two or more offenses committed through a single act or omission, or through an act or omission which in itself constituted one of the offenses and also was a material element of the other” (Penal Law § 70.25 [2]). Thus, consecutive sentences may not be imposed “(1) where a single act constitutes two offenses, or (2) where a single act constitutes one of the offenses and a material element of the other” (People v Laureano, 87 NY2d 640, 643; see also, People v Day, 73 NY2d 208, 210-211).

To establish the defendant’s guilt of conspiracy in the second degree, the People were required to prove that, with the intent that a class A felony be committed, the defendant agreed with others to engage in or cause the felony to be committed (Penal Law § 105.15) and that one of the conspirators committed an overt act in furtherance of the criminal scheme (Penal Law § 105.20). On the other hand, an attempt to commit murder in the second degree required proof that, with the intent to commit the crime of murder in the second degree, the defendant engaged in conduct which tended to effect the commission of that crime (Penal Law §§ 110.00, 125.25 [1]).

[*992] While there might be a statutory overlap in the definition of these crimes, in this case the People established the commission of separate and distinct acts supporting the imposition of consecutive sentences (see, People v Salcedo, 92 NY2d 1019, 1021). When defendant, Claudio and Sorrentini met on the evening of January 8, 1991, armed and prepared to seek out Maresca, the crime of conspiracy was complete. The conspiracy statute does not specify any particular conduct to satisfy the requirement that there be an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy. Indeed, we have previously stated that “the function of the overt act in a conspiracy prosecution is ‘simply to manifest “that the conspiracy is at work” * * *.’ The overt act must be an independent act that tends to carry out the conspiracy, but need not necessarily be the object of the crime” (People v Ribowsky, 77 NY2d 284, 293; see also, People v McGee, 49 NY2d 48, 56-58). Approximately one hour after they met, the conspirators saw Maresca, shot at him, missed and attempted to shoot again. These separate and distinct acts constituted the crime of attempted murder in the second degree (see, People v Yong Yun Lee, 92 NY2d 987, 989).

Chief Judge Kaye and Judges Bellacosa, Smith, Ciparick, Wesley and Rosenblatt concur; Judge Levine taking no part.

Order affirmed in a memorandum.