A party moving for no-evidence summary judgment prevails unless the nonmovant produces more than a scintilla of evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact on the challenged elements.
A plaintiff sued for breach of contract, fraud, and other claims after a defendant refused to accept new orders for parts. The defendant moved for no-evidence summary judgment, asserting the plaintiff failed to provide evidence for essential elements of its claims. The plaintiff argued that various documents, including a letter of intent and a parts list, satisfied the statute of frauds. The court held that the documents did not constitute an enforceable contract for the sale of goods because they lacked sufficient signatures and clear terms. Because the plaintiff failed to produce more than a scintilla of evidence to overcome the motion, the summary judgment was affirmed.
At page 834 Pleading causes of action and summary judgment motions246 citing casesTex.App.Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.
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- Joe Anthony Romero v. Kroger Texas L.P., Sedgwick Claims Mgmt. Servs., & Phillips, Akers, Womac, No. 01-12-00049-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 5, 2013).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Ivonne Leija v. Sky Props., LLC & Harry Liu D/B/A Pinwheels Child.'s Ctr., No. 01-13-00019-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 10, 2013).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Patrick A. Hickey & Cecilia P. Hickey v. the Huntington Nat'l Bank, No. 01-12-00670-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 11, 2013).published(Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Clifford Kenneth Phillips v. Barbara Jean Copeland, No. 01-12-00492-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 9, 2013).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Mega Builders, Inc. & Mega Texas Realty, Inc. v. Am. Door Prods., Inc. D/B/A A.J. May, Inc., Pearland Indus. & Versatrac, No. 01-12-00196-CV, 2013 WL 1136584 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 19, 2013).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Evan Toledo v. Silver Eagle Distributors, L.P., No. 01-11-00488-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 10, 2013).published(Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Lynn Foreman & Cesar Vasquez v. Patricia Whitty, J.D. Kidwell, Dale Johnson, Larry Maddux, Individually & the City of Junction, Texas & the Junction Texas Econ. Dev. Corp., No. 04-11-00841-CV (Tex. App.—San Antonio Dec. 12, 2012).published(Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Foreman v. Whitty, 392 S.W.3d 265 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012).published(TexApp.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Mark Johnson v. Lisa C. Coppel, Indep. Adm'r of the Est. of Joan J. Counts, No. 01-10-01068-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 30, 2012).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Green Tree Servicing, LLC F/K/A Conseco Fin. Servicing Corp. v. Ralph D. Woods & Karen Woods, 388 S.W.3d 785 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012).published(TexApp.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Kimberley Soukup v. Sedgwick Claims Mangement Servs., Inc. Bridgestone Retail Operations, LLC D/B/A BSRO Bridgestone Americas, Inc. Firestone Polymers, LLC & Stephen T. Smith, No. 01-11-00871-CV, 2012 WL 3134223 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 2, 2012).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Gerardo Martinez & Sandra L. Martinez, Individually & as Next Friend of Yanci Abigail Martinez, Minor Child v. Wahl Landscape, Inc., No. 04-11-00091-CV (Tex. App.—San Antonio Apr. 18, 2012).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Khan v. GBAK Props., Inc., 371 S.W.3d 347 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012).published (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Michael Johnson v. Lisa C. Coppell, No. 01-09-00392-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 2, 2012).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Farrar v. Sabine Mgmt. Corp., 362 S.W.3d 694 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011).published (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Thomas Farrar v. Sabine Mgmt. Corp. A//K/A Sabine Props. Mgmt., Inc. Nw. Bldg., Ltd, No. 01-09-00492-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 11, 2011).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Luci Martinez, Individually & as the Pers. Rep. of the Est. of Luis Martinez & Jose Martinez & Maria Martinez v. Hays Constr., No. 01-09-00593-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 12, 2011).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Martinez v. Hays Constr., Inc., 355 S.W.3d 170 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011).published(Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Miles v. Lee Anderson Co., 339 S.W.3d 738 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011).published (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Brookshire Katy Drainage Dist. v. Lily Gardens, LLC, 333 S.W.3d 301 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011).published (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Mary Jacqueline Maurer v. 8539, Inc., D/B/A/ Barney 'S Billiards Saloon No. 20, No. 01-09-00709-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 30, 2010).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Richard v. Reynolds Metal Co., 108 S.W.3d 908 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2003).published
- Woodside v. Woodside, 154 S.W.3d 688 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2004).published
- Mathis v. RKL Design/Build, 189 S.W.3d 839 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006).published
- Klentzman v. Brady, 312 S.W.3d 886 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009).published
- Clements v. Minnesota Life Ins. Co., 176 S.W.3d 258 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004).published
- EPGT Texas Pipeline, L.P. v. Harris Cnty. Flood Control Dist., 176 S.W.3d 330 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004).published
- D.B. v. K.B., 176 S.W.3d 343 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004).published
- Carson Energy, Inc. v. Riverway Bank, 100 S.W.3d 591 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2003).published
- Spradlin v. State, 100 S.W.3d 372 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- La Tier v. Compaq Comput. Corp., 123 S.W.3d 557 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2003).published
- Simmons v. Briggs Equip. Trust, 221 S.W.3d 109 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006).published
- Boaz v. Boaz, 221 S.W.3d 126 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006).published
- Malcomson Road Util. Dist. v. Newsom, 171 S.W.3d 257 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005).published
- Price v. Divita, 224 S.W.3d 331 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006).published
- Coastal Bank SSB v. Chase Bank of Texas, N.A., 135 S.W.3d 840 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004).published
- Stephens v. Dolcefino, 126 S.W.3d 120 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- Gary E. Patterson & Assocs., P.C. v. Holub, 264 S.W.3d 180 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008).published
- Brown v. Swett & Crawford of Texas, Inc., 178 S.W.3d 373 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005).published
- Est. of Hearn v. Hearn, 101 S.W.3d 657 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- Shaikh v. Aerovias De Mexico, 127 S.W.3d 76 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- Thomas v. CNC Investments, L.L.P., 234 S.W.3d 111 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007).published
- Hoover v. Larkin, 196 S.W.3d 227 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006).published
- Alaniz v. Rebello Food & Beverage, L.L.C., 165 S.W.3d 7 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005).published
- Roventini v. Ocular Sciences, Inc., 111 S.W.3d 719 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- Plotkin v. Joekel, 304 S.W.3d 455 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009).published
- Lucio v. John G. & Marie Stella Kenedy Mem'l Found., 298 S.W.3d 663 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2009).published
- Creel v. Houston Indus., Inc., 124 S.W.3d 742 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- Rangel v. Lapin, 177 S.W.3d 17 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005).published
- Urena v. W. Investments, Inc., 122 S.W.3d 249 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- Keszler v. Mem'l Med. Ctr. of East Texas, 105 S.W.3d 122 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2003).published
- Haden v. David J. Sacks, P.C., 222 S.W.3d 580 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007).published
- Franco v. CRONFEL, 311 S.W.3d 600 (Tex. App.—Austin 2010).published
- Mayes v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 144 S.W.3d 50 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004).published
- McCoy v. Rogers, 240 S.W.3d 267 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007).published
- Wilson v. Davis, 305 S.W.3d 57 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009).published
- Hourani v. Katzen, 305 S.W.3d 239 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010).published
- Haden v. David J. Sacks, P.C., 332 S.W.3d 503 (Tex. App. 2009).published
- Boyd v. Progressive Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co., 170 S.W.3d 579 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003).published
- Vela v. City of Houston, 186 S.W.3d 49 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005).published
- Larned v. Gateway East, Inc., 186 S.W.3d 597 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2006).published
- Shkolnick v. Coastal Fumigators, Inc., 186 S.W.3d 100 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005).published
- Beverick v. Koch Power, Inc., 186 S.W.3d 145 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006).published
- Phillips v. the Dow Chem. Co., 186 S.W.3d 121 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005).published
- Aspenwood Apt. Corp. v. Coinmach, Inc., 349 S.W.3d 621 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011).published
- Patricia Smith & Frank Smith v. HCD Operating Co., D/B/A Omni Houston Hotel, No. 01-02-00737-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 18, 2003).published
- Monica Dyson v. Amerigroup Texas Inc. & Amy Williams, No. 01-02-01082-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 13, 2003).published
- Boyd, Barry v. Progressive Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co., No. 01-00-00785-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 13, 2003).published
- Patricia Shaikh v. Aeromexico, No. 01-02-00813-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 2, 2003).published
- Clyde Ashworth, Paula Welch, James Alber, Mary Alber, Bret Bieri & Pamela Bieri v. Aspect Resources, LLC. Veritas DGC Land Inc., & Ameridian Tech., Inc., No. 01-01-00815-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 4, 2003).published
- Kerr, Edward A. & Norma v. Harris Cnty. Flood Control Dist., No. 01-02-00158-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 29, 2003).published
- Maria Urena, Individually & as Next Friend of Loe Urena, a Minor v. W. Investments, Inc., Front Royale Apts., W. Investments D/B/A Front Royal Apts., Ron Deutsch, Warren Deutsch, & Kate Michon, No. 01-02-00079-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 21, 2003).published
- Tasneem Khan v. Ali Yazdchi, No. 01-02-00918-CV, 2003 WL 21513628 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 3, 2003).published
- Donald & Tammy Roventini, Ind. & ANF Michael Roventini v. Ocular Sciences, Inc. & See-N-Focus Optical, Inc, No. 01-02-00780-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 26, 2003).published
- Stephens, William & Ray Jordan v. Wayne Dolcefino, No. 01-00-00585-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 12, 2003).published
- Danny R. \Danny\" Collinsworth v. Eller Media Co.", No. 01-01-00749-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 5, 2003).published
- Crofton, Edward v. Amoco Chem. Co., No. 01-01-00526-CV, 2003 WL 21297588 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 30, 2003).published
- Maria Urena, Individually & as Next Friend of Loe Urena, a Minor v. W. Investments, Inc., Front Royale Apts., W. Investments D/B/A Front Royal Apts., Ron Deutsch, Warren Deutsch, & Kate Michon, No. 01-02-00079-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 15, 2003).published
- Kapur, Ramesh v. Goldstein, Mark & Cothran, Paul T., No. 01-02-00023-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 10, 2003).published
- Vernon Wolter, Nickie Wilson & Marie Cooper v. Monte S. Donaldson, Coastal Banc SSB, & James F. Murphy, No. 01-02-00426-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 3, 2003).published
- Chester E. Hearn, Ind., & as Indep. Co-Ex'r of the Est. of Vernon P. Hearn As Co-Tr. of the Hearn Fam. Trust Roger Hearn & Gale Hearn Daniel Dale Hearn, Ind., as Indep. Co-Ex'r of the Est. of Vernon P. Hearn v. Louise Hearn, Ind., & as Indep. Co-Ex'r of the Est. of Vernon P. Hearn, No. 01-01-00499-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 27, 2003).published
- Taylor, Shannon & William H.,Jr. v. Gordon E. Davenport, Jr. Charles Jordon I. Nelson Heggen, No. 01-02-00328-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 20, 2003).published
- Daniels, Eugina J. & Isadora Susan Daniels v. Lyondell-Citgo Refining Co., Ltd., Atl. Richfield Co., & Lyondell Chem. Co. F/K/A Lyondell Petrochemical Co., No. 01-01-00319-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 6, 2003).published
- Patricia Daniels v. Univ. of Texas Health, Sci. Ctr. & Harris Cnty., Texas, No. 01-03-00997-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 18, 2004).published
- Goffney, George, Jr. v. John M. O'Quinn, No. 01-02-00192-CV, 2004 WL 2415067 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 28, 2004).published
- Nelda Leal D/B/A Rotating Servs. Indus., Inc. v. Kathleen Weightman, No. 01-03-01006-CV, 2004 WL 2251570 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 7, 2004).published
- Debra Navarro-Martha v. Jeff Fulkerson & Am. Home Assurance Co., No. 01-02-01157-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 9, 2004).published
- Bobby Andrews v. Exxon Mobil Corp., No. 01-03-00817-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 26, 2004).published
- PG&E Texas Pipeline, L.P. v. Harris Cnty. Flood Control Dist. & Ramex Constr. Co., Inc., No. 01-02-01056-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 12, 2004).published
- Daniel William Block v. Kimberly Denise Block, No. 01-03-00062-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 12, 2004).published
- Timothy Gavrel, Adm'r of Est. of Paula Asher v. John F. Nichols, Sr., No. 01-03-00465-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 29, 2004).published
- Spring Branch Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Lead Indus. Ass'n, Inc., No. 01-02-01006-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 24, 2004).published
- Sylvester McFarland v. Goodman Mfg. Co., L.P., No. 01-03-00502-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 10, 2004).published
- Patrick Mayes v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., No. 01-03-00157-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 10, 2004).published
- Berwin McCurdy, Jr. v. Rowan Drilling Co., Inc., No. 01-03-00399-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 10, 2004).published
- Malone, Roy & Mary v. Abraham, Watkins, Nichols & Friend, No. 01-99-01192-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 20, 2004).published
- Tim Beverick v. KOCH Power, Inc., Flint Hills Resources, L.P. & Entergy-Koch Trading, L.P., No. 01-03-01300-CV, 2005 Tex. App. LEXIS 10674 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 29, 2005).published
- Charles Phillips, Individually v. Sulzer Chemtech, USA, Indus. Specialists, Inc., & Altair Strickland, L.L.P. F/K/A Altair Strickland, Inc., No. 01-03-00451-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 30, 2005).published
- Earl Aaron, Jr. v. Magic Johnson Theatres, Johnson Dev. Corp., D/B/A California Johnson Dev. Corp., S&J Theatres Inc., & Northline Jt. Venture D/B/A Northline Mall, No. 01-04-00426-CV, 2005 WL 2470116 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 6, 2005).published
- Malcomson Road Util. Dist. v. Frank George Newsom, No. 01-00-01163-CV, 2005 WL 1189630 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 20, 2005).published
- Kenneth W. Erickson v. Bank of Am., N.A., No. 01-04-00790-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 21, 2005).published
- Tim Kane v. Nxcess Motorcars, Inc., Mark Wolfe, & Richard Ong, No. 01-04-00547-CV, 2005 WL 497484 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 3, 2005).published
- Marcos Rangel v. Robert Lapin, No. 01-03-00351-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 13, 2005).published
- George Neil Lewis v. Jack D. Nolan, No. 01-04-00865-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 14, 2006).published
- Eric C. Hixon & Beverly G. Hixon v. Pedigo Servs., No. 01-04-01109-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 31, 2006).published
- George Neil Lewis v. Jack D. Nolan, No. 01-04-00865-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 5, 2006).published
- Donna Banda & Robyn Worthen v. City of Galveston, No. 01-05-00331-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 14, 2006).published
- Gordon Allen Price v. Eugene C. Divita, M.D. D/B/A Gene DiVita, M.D., P.A., No. 01-05-00799-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 3, 2006).published
- Jerry White v. Schlumberger Ltd., No. 01-05-00685-CV, 2006 WL 948074 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 13, 2006).published
- Gary Kainer v. ABMC Corp. & Union Planters Bank, N.A., No. 01-05-00338-CV, 2006 WL 407794 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 23, 2006).published
- George Mathis, Jr. v. James E. Peterson, Jr., No. 01-04-01318-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 19, 2006).published
- Trust Inv. Grp. Mortg. Div., Inc. v. First Capital Interest, L.L.C., Trust Inv. Grp., S.A., & Angeles Gonzalez, No. 01-04-00762-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 12, 2006).published
- Mitchell Parks v. Steak & Ale of Texas, Inc., & Greg Lacy, No. 01-04-00080-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 12, 2006).published
- Peggy Lee Moore v. Cooper Aqrawi, Ind., & Farouq Aqrawi D/B/A Manhattan Limousines of Houston, L.L.C., No. 01-03-00917-CV, 2007 WL 2743494 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 20, 2007).published
- Helm Companies v. Shady Creek Hous. Partners, Ltd., No. 01-05-00743-CV, 2007 WL 2130186 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 26, 2007).published
- Addie Evans v. MIPTT, LLC, D/B/A East Coast Buffet, No. 01-06-00394-CV, 2007 WL 1716443 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 14, 2007).published
- Haden, Charles M., Jr., Individually & Charles McIntyre Haden, Jr. & Co. D/B/A Haden & Co. v. David J. Sacks, P.C. D/B/A Sacks & Assocs., No. 01-01-00200-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 8, 2007).published
- Lori Carlson & Shannon Carlson v. Remington Hotel Corp. D/B/A Hilton Houston NASA Clear Lake New Clear Lake Hotel D/B/A Nassau Bay Hilton & New Clear Lake Grp., GP, LLC, No. 01-07-00376-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 22, 2008).published
- Shahnaz Khan v. Ferhat M. Hasan & Manzoor Hasan, No. 01-07-00082-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 6, 2008).published
- Gen. Elec. Capital Corp. v. A. John Knapp, Jr., Also Known as A. John Knapp, No. 01-07-00010-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 21, 2008).published
- Rebecca Pena v. Je Matadi Dress Co., Inc. & Sean Mehta, No. 01-06-00632-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 31, 2008).published
- Monzer Hourani & Carlton Park Owner's Ass'n v. Jonathan Katzen, No. 01-07-00971-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 25, 2009).published
- Garry L. Plotkin v. Charles Joekel, No. 01-06-00624-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 25, 2009).published
- Maurice Amidei & Sara Amidei v. Harris Cnty. Appraisal Dist., Appraisal Review Bd. of Harris Cnty., No. 01-08-00833-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 16, 2009).published
- Aurore Hope Orr Archibald v. Larry Donald Archibald, No. 01-08-00015-CV, 2009 WL 1562865 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 4, 2009).published
- Haden, Charles M., Jr., Individually & Charles McIntyre Haden, Jr. & Co. D/B/A Haden & Co. v. David J. Sacks, P.C. D/B/A Sacks & Assocs., No. 01-01-00200-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 7, 2009).published
- Houston Omni USA Co., Inc. v. SouthTrust Bank Corp., No. 01-07-00433-CV, 2009 WL 1161860 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 30, 2009).published
- Stacey Stryker v. W. Fulton Broemer & Broemer & Assocs., L.L.C., No. 01-09-00317-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 10, 2010).published
- Brookshire Katy Drainage Dist. v. the Lily Gardens, LLC, Richard E. Fluecker & Kenneth B. Luedecke, No. 01-07-00431-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 10, 2010).published
- Allen & Martha Lewis Revocable Trust & Martha Lewis, Individually v. Daniel Perales & Erin Perales, No. 01-09-00140-CV, 2010 WL 3212125 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 12, 2010).published
- Trula Montgomery Samuel v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., No. 01-08-00702-CV, 2010 WL 2788879 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 15, 2010).published
- Harald Stauder & Eur. Motorcycle Corp. v. John Nichols & Nichols Law, P.L.L.C., No. 01-08-00773-CV, 2010 WL 2306385 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 10, 2010).published
- Charles Blevins v. Diane E. Andrews, No. 01-08-00598-CV, 2010 WL 1611382 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 22, 2010).published
- Lonnie Phillips, Jr., & Lance Phillips A/N/f v. Betty Willy, & the of the Est. of Kenneth Bing, Kimberlyrae Bing Thompson & Kenneth W. Bing, Jr., No. 01-07-00159-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 28, 2010).published
- Base Mktg., Inc. Soils Control Int'l, Inc. & Andres Jackson v. Base-Seal Int'l, Inc. & Maxine R. Williams, Individually, No. 03-01-00229-CV (Tex. App.—Austin Feb. 12, 2004).published
- Carson Energy, Inc. & E. Carter Bills, II v. Riverway Bank, No. 06-02-00046-CV (Tex. App.—Texarkana Mar. 6, 2003).published
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- Gilda Richard v. Reynolds Metal Co., No. 13-01-00704-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi June 12, 2003).published
- Berney Keszler v. Mem'l Med. Ctr. of East Texas, No. 13-01-00024-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Apr. 3, 2003).published
- Mkeyisha Detrick Phipps, Individually & Next Friend for Darius Phipps, a Minor Child v. the City of Lufkin, Texas, No. 13-01-00035-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Jan. 30, 2003).published
- Charles R. Ward, III A/K/A Chuck R. Ward v. Charles & Diana Malone, No. 13-06-00108-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Dec. 6, 2007).published
- the Harrison Fam. v. James A. Bouligny & Elsie Sallee, No. 13-07-00761-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi June 25, 2009).published
- Abel Lucio, Jr. v. the John G. & Marie Stella Kenedy Mem'l Found., No. 13-08-00077-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi June 25, 2009).published
- Mario Alaniz Jr. v. Rebello Food & Beverage, L.L.C., SRK Mgmt., Inc. D/B/A Howard Johnson Suites, Kirit Patel & Howard Johnson Internationl, Inc., No. 14-03-00478-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Feb. 17, 2005).published
- Gilbert Franco// Guillermo Ochoa Cronfel v. Guillermo Ochoa Cronfel// Cross-Appellee, Gilbert Franco, No. 03-09-00494-CV (Tex. App.—Austin Mar. 12, 2010).published
- Danny Crump & Billie Ann Crump // Luminant Mining Co. LLC, F/K/A TXU Mining Co., L.P. & Luminant Generation Co. LLC, F/K/A TXU Generation Co., L.P. v. Luminant Mining Co. LLC, F/K/A TXU Mining Co., L.P. & Luminant Generation Co. LLC, F/K/A TXU Generation Co., L.P. // Danny Crump & Billie Ann Crump, No. 03-09-00522-CV (Tex. App.—Austin Mar. 12, 2010).published
- Debbie Echols & Rhonda Echols v. Patrick Simmons, Martha Lynch, & Cannon & Simmons (Cannon & Wilson, PC), No. 10-13-00419-CV (Tex. App.—Waco Sept. 11, 2014).published
- Karl Wawarosky v. Fast Grp. Houston Inc., No. 01-13-00466-CV, 2015 WL 730819 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 17, 2015).published
- Juan Jesus Cantu & Maria Yolanda Cantu v. Zar-Mat Props., a Texas Gen. P'ship, Jose Ruben Mata & Zaragosa Hinojosa Jr., No. 13-12-00516-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi May 8, 2014).published
- Reginald L. Gilford, Sr. v. Texas First Bank, No. 01-13-00384-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 10, 2014).published
- Dwayne Carpenter v. Campbell Hausfeld Co. & Campbell Hausfeld/Scott Fetzer Co. Inc., No. 01-13-00075-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 27, 2014).published
- Michael M. Euler v. Miles Marks & Texas Dow Employees Fed. Credit Union, No. 01-13-00085-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 25, 2014).published
- Fred Samson v. John James Garza, No. 01-12-00938-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 29, 2013).published
- Donald E. Spencer v. GC Servs. Ltd. P'ship & Ross, Banks, May, Cron & Cavin, P.C., No. 01-12-00159-CV, 2013 WL 1908160 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 7, 2013).published
- Shedrick Chandler v. CSC Appied Tech., L. L .C., 376 S.W.3d 802 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012).published
- Essex Crane Rental Corp. & Vincent A. Morano v. Kenneth Beverly, 371 S.W.3d 366 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012).published
- Ramesh K. Wadhwa & Sarita Wadhwa v. Shari Goldsberry & Laird, Harris, Goldsberry, Tarlow & Valdez, LLP, No. 01-10-00944-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 1, 2012).published
- Ernest R. Koonce v. Homeq Servicing, Wells Fargo Bank, No. 01-10-00194-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 22, 2011).published
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- Ronnie Tejada & Rose Tejada as Next Friend of Kelsey Tejada & Kaylee Tejada v. Naphcare, Inc. & Virgilio Gernale, 363 S.W.3d 699 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011).published
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- Donaldson v. Texas Dep't of Aging & Disability Servs., 495 S.W.3d 421 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2016).published
- Jonathan Johnson v. Capstone Logistics, LLC, No. 01-23-00221-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 15, 2024).published
- Jonathan Johnson v. Capstone Logistics, LLC, No. 01-23-00221-CV, 2024 WL 5249164 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 31, 2024).published
- Robert O'Conor, Jr. v. the Frost Nat'l Bank, No. 01-08-00229-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 8, 2009).published
At page 837 Analyzing claims of economic duress and fraud16 citing casesTex.App.Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.
- Steel Surplus, Inc. v. Adobe Capital, LLC & Ryan Greene, No. 01-23-00151-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 15, 2024).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Direct Steel, LLC v. Am. Bldgs. Co., No. 1:22-cv-00226 (N.D. Ill. June 9, 2022).(Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Susan England v. Janice Kolbe, as Guardian of the Est. of Edna Moon, No. 03-15-00409-CV (Tex. App.—Austin Nov. 30, 2015).published(Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Turner Indus. Grp., LLC v. Int'l Union of Operating Engineers, Local 450, 8 F. Supp. 3d 896 (S.D. Tex. 2014).published(Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999)
- In Re Frank Kent Motor Co., 361 S.W.3d 628 (Tex. 2012).published(Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Vietentours GMBH v. the Ticket Co., Inc., & the Ticket Co. Int'l, Inc., No. 01-09-00732-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 24, 2011).published(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- In Re Frank Kent Motor Co., 336 S.W.3d 374 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2011).published (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Haase v. Glazner, 62 S.W.3d 795 (Tex. 2002).published
- Rabe v. Dillard's, Inc., 214 S.W.3d 767 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007).published
- Malone v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co., 8 S.W.3d 710 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000).published
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- Richard D. Davis, L.L.P., a Texas Gen. P'ship, Richard D. Davis, L.L.P, a Nevada Ltd. Liab. P'ship & Patricia K. Suarez v. Andy Knott, Bill Green, Dempsey Gearen, Jim Phillips, Phil Birkelbach, Danny Langhorne, Hans Van Der Voort, Gene Morton, Stanley Hoffpauir & Paul Kates, No. 14-17-00257-CV, 2019 WL 438788 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Feb. 5, 2019).published
- Richard D. Davis, LLP., a Texas Gen. P'ship, Richard D. Davis, LLP, a Nevada Ltd. Liab. P'ship & Patricia Suarez v. Sky Lakes Flyers Found. & Carbett J. Duhon, III, No. 14-17-00372-CV, 2019 Tex. App. LEXIS 1619 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Mar. 5, 2019).published
- Duradril, L.L.C. v. Dynomax Drilling Tools, Inc., 516 S.W.3d 147 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2017).published
At page 839 Reviving corporate rights upon payment of delinquent taxes8 citing casesTex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.
- AVN Corp. v. Rsch. Tech., LLC, No. 2:23-cv-00149 (S.D. W. Va. May 29, 2025). (Tex. App. 1999, no pet.)
- GB & JB Props., LLC v. Century Sur. Co., No. 4:24-cv-00058 (W.D. Tex. Apr. 9, 2025).(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Energy Fundamentals Grp., LLC v. Gulf Process Gas, LLC, No. 4:24-cv-01427 (S.D. Tex. Dec. 2, 2024).(Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Highline Innovation Inv. P'ship, LLC v. Biolert, LTD., No. 4:21-cv-00615, 2022 WL 3354775 (E.D. Tex. Aug. 12, 2022).(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- YHR Mason Road Partner, LP v. 7-7 Cleaners, Inc., No. 01-18-00849-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 13, 2020).published(Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- in Re Jose Gomez & Eduardo Gomez, Individually & as Former Representatives of MaCarty Truck Wash & Lube, Inc. Gomez McCarty Truck Wash & Lube Inc. F/K/A McCarty Truck Wash & Lube, Inc., & Bros. Tire Servs., Inc., No. 14-15-00401-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] May 4, 2015).published(Tex. App. Houston [1st Dist.] 1999)
- Manning v. Enbridge Pipelines (East Texas) L.P., 345 S.W.3d 718 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2011).published(Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)
- Mello v. A.M.F. Inc., 7 S.W.3d 329 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2000).published
At page 838 Evaluating summary judgment evidence and consumer status under DTPA5 citing casesFlameout does not direct us to any summary judgment evidence to support its allegations of misrepresentations by PCC, but refers only to the allegations in its…
- Moody Nat'l Bank v. Texas City Dev. Ltd., 46 S.W.3d 373 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2001).published
- State Farm Life Ins. Co. v. Martinez, 174 S.W.3d 772 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005).published
- Christi Bay Temple v. Guideone Specialty Mut. Ins. Co., 330 S.W.3d 318 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2009).published
- Betty M. Cartmell, Ph.D. v. Rainbow Healthcare Servs., No. 01-04-01189-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 10, 2006).published
- Christi Bay Temple v. Guideone Specialty Mut. Ins. Co., No. 13-07-00537-CV (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Mar. 31, 2009).published
At page 836 Analyzing defenses to statute of frauds and burden of proof3 citing cases“In our ruling on Flameout’s first issue, we held that there was no enforceable contract between Flameout and PCC.”
- Pierce v. Texas Racing Comm'n, 212 S.W.3d 745 (Tex. App.—Austin 2006).published
- John L. Pierce, II v. Texas Racing Comm'n, No. 03-04-00699-CV (Tex. App.—Austin Oct. 17, 2006).published
v.
PENNZOIL CASPIAN CORPORATION, Pennzoil Company, and Pennzoil Exploration and Production Company, Appellees
OPINION
SAM NUCHIA, Justice.This is an appeal of a summary judgment in favor of defendants in a lawsuit alleging breach of contract, anticipatory repudiation, economic duress/business coercion, fraud, negligent misrepresentation, and violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act. We affirm.
BACKGROUND
In 1992, Pennzoil Caspian Corporation (“PCC”) became involved with the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic (“SOCAR”) in a major Gas Utilization Project in the Caspian Sea. PCC was to provide and install turbine-driven compressors and related process equipment and pipeline for the project and was to operate and maintain the compressors and related equipment for a period of time after installation.
PCC contracted with VECO Corporation to construct the compressor station and to provide engineering and procurement logistics for the project. VECO searched for a parts supplier and, after discussions with several potential suppliers, recommended to PCC that plaintiff, Flameout Design & Fabrication, Inc. (“Flameout”), become the parts supplier. VECO represented to PCC that Flameout was offering to supply original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) parts for the commissioned start up and for replacement parts.
An internal memo on PCC letterhead dated August 18, 1998 briefly summarized proposals by different equipment suppliers. This memo stated:
Flameout has presented a quotation of $937,882.24 and has promised delivery of commissioning items within 4 weeks with tools and balance of items 3 months except the spare impellars at 4 months. Flameout is offering original manufacturer parts....
Our recommendation is to proceed with Flameout.
On September 10, 1993, Allan Hardison, VECO employee and Procurement and Logistics Manager for the project, issued a letter of intent to Flameout on PCC letterhead. This letter confirmed PCC’s intention:
to purchase from your company turbine commissioning spare parts per the lists which are being developed by Mr. John Blackwelder and which have been reviewed by you. Acquisition of these parts is predicated upon finalizing these lists and appropriate unit prices for items presented to your company, and in accordance with the agreements reached at the meeting held in our offices on September 7, 1993. Payment terms for these parts must also be mutually agreed.
A document entitled “Parts Listing,” dated January 20, 1994, contains lists of parts, quantities, and prices. The quantities are in columns headed “Comm.” and “3 Year.” This list, which the parties call the Baku list, is not signed, and there is no indication on the document to show who created it.
On February 22, 1994, in a letter to Paula Jacobs of PCC, Michael Moore, President and CEO of Flameout, wrote, “Flameout certifies that all the material supplies (sic) is NEW OEM equipment. No surplus, refurbished or auctioned materials will be supplied.”
On April 28, 1994, PCC employee K.B. Whitley wrote Flameout and Transoceanic Shipping Company, “Gentlemen: Attached is the procedure for receiving spare parts at Transoceanic. This procedure should be implemented immediately.” Attached[*834] to the letter is a two-page document entitled “Receiving Procedure.” It begins, “For purchase orders 010763 02, 010768 01, and future purchase orders for the three year commissioning parts, as per list compiled by Flameout Design and Fabrication, and Pennzoil Caspian Corporation and Letter of Intent dated September ll(sie), 1993, (see attached). After consultation with Transoceanic, the following basic receiving procedure will be followed.” Procedures for shipping and receiving and some special procedures for certain equipment are then stated in the document.
During the time Flameout was involved in this project, PCC issued between 1.1 and 1.6 million dollars in written, signed purchase orders to Flameout, according to Moore’s estimate. In addition, PCC gave some verbal purchase orders between midsummer and December 1993. These verbal orders were filled by Flameout, and PCC paid for the equipment ordered..
On July 29, 1994, PCC wrote a letter to Flameout confirming that PCC wished Flameout to continue to expedite the delivery of the remaining items on purchase orders 010763 and 010768.
On October 25, 1994, Flameout wrote PCC informing it that Flameout would not quote or take any new orders from Pennzoil. On October 28, 1994, Flameout wrote PCC, stating in some detail its reasons for refusing to accept new orders from PCC. 'Flameout complained of PCC’s unwillingness to abide by “the Agreement” between Flameout and PCC, Flameout’s “unworkable” attempts to accommodate PCC’s “changed positions,” and PCC’s purchase of certain parts from suppliers other than Flameout.
In January 1995, Flameout sued PCC alleging causes of action for breach of contract, anticipatory repudiation, violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, fraud, negligent misrepresentation, and the defense of estoppel to deny the enforceability of the agreement. Flameout later amended its petition to add Pennzoil Company and Pennzoil Exploration and Production Company as defendants (collectively referred to herein as “PCC”). It also added a cause of action for “economic duress/business coercion.”
PCC filed a motion for summary judgment under rule 166a(i) of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, asserting that there was no evidence to support at least one element of each of Flameout’s causes of action. PCC’s motion was granted by the trial court.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Under rule 166a(i), a party may move for summary judgment if there is no evidence of one or more essential elements of a claim or defense on which an adverse party would have the burden of proof at trial. Tex.R. Civ. P. 166a(i). Thus, a no-evidence summary judgment is similar to a directed verdict. Jackson v. Fiesta Mart, Inc., 979 S.W.2d 68, 70 (Tex.App.—Austin 1998, no pet.); see also Hittner & Liberato, Summary Judgments in Texas, 34 Hous. L.Rev. 1303, 1356 (1998). A party may move for a no-evidence summary judgment after there has been adequate time for discovery. Tex.R. Civ. P. 166a(i). The motion may not be general, but must state the elements on which there is no evidence. Id. The trial court must grant the motion unless the nonmovant produces more than a scintilla of evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact on the challenged elements. See Tex.R. Crv. P. 166a(i) and cmt. to 1997 change. Thus, the party with the burden of proof at trial has the burden of proof in the summary judgment proceeding.
The general requirements of summary judgment practice continue to be governed by the existing rules. Id. Therefore, in reviewing a summary judgment, we must indulge every reasonable inference in favor of the nonmovant and resolve any doubts in its favor. Randall’s Food Mkts., Inc. v. Johnson, 891 S.W.2d 640, 644 (Tex.1995).
[*835] DISCUSSION
The Statute of Frauds
In its first issue presented, Flameout contends the trial court erred in granting the summary judgment on its breach of contract claims because Flameout presented written documents that satisfy the statute of frauds. Flameout argues that it had a three-year agreement with PCC to supply the parts on the Baku list.
The UCC Statute of Frauds provides:
Except as otherwise provided in this section a contract for the sale of goods for the price of $500 or more is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless there is some writing sufficient to indicate that a contract for sale has been made between the parties and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by his authorized agent or broker.
Tex Bus. & Com.Code Ann. § 2.201(a) (Vernon 1994).
The general statute of frauds provides that an agreement that is not to be performed within one year is not enforceable unless the agreement is in writing and signed by the person to be charged with the agreement. Tex. Bus. & Com.Code Ann. § 26.01 (Vernon 1987).
It is uncontested that the alleged agreement in this case is for the sale of goods for a price of more than $500 and is not to be performed within one year [1] . Therefore, both the UCC and general statute of frauds apply.
Flameout asserts that the essential elements of its three-year agreement with PCC are contained in three written documents: (1) the September 10, 1993 letter of intent; (2) the January 20, 1994 Baku list; and (3) the April 28, 1994 letter from PCC attaching new shipping and receiving procedures. [1] Flameout argues that these three documents, when read together, are sufficient because they identify the parties to the agreement, the subject matter of the agreement, quantity and price of the goods, and they specify a duration. [2] Flameout also argues that these documents satisfy the signature requirement under the UCC.
A plain reading of these three documents shows they do not constitute a contract for the sale of goods. The letter of intent is nothing more than an expression by PCC of its intention to do business with Flameout under agreements that were reached at an earlier meeting. This letter is not any evidence of an enforceable agreement between Flameout and PCC.
The Baku list is an extensive list of parts and equipment required for the project. [3] There is nothing on the list to indicate that it is a purchase order, nor is there anything on the list to indicate that the items listed are to be ordered from Flameout, if at all. In addition, the list is not signed. Flameout’s contention that a typed reference, in Russian, to Pennzoil Caspian Corporation on each page constitutes a signing is completely without merit. Assuming that Flameout has correctly identified the typed reference to PCC, we see nothing in the document to indicate that PCC has signed or authenticated the document, as required by the UCC, as a purchase order or a contract to purchase the listed parts from Flameout.
[*836] The April 28, 1994 cover letter from PCC and its attached receiving procedures do not, on their face, indicate that a contract for sale has been made between PCC and Flameout. The attachment sets forth receiving procedures for the three-year commissioning parts, [4] and the cover letter requests immediate implementation of the procedures.
Flameout has produced no evidence of a writing sufficient to indicate a three-year contract for the sale of goods by Flameout to PCC. We overrule Flameout’s first issue.
Defenses to the Statute of Frauds
In its second issue presented, Flameout argues that two defenses to the statute of frauds, part performance and estoppel, apply to this case. Flameout did not assert the defense of part performance to the trial court and has, therefore, waived this defense.
To establish an equitable estoppel defense, Flameout must prove (1) a false representation or concealment of material facts, (2) made with knowledge, actual or constructive, of those facts, (3) with the intention that it should be acted on, (4) to a party without knowledge, or the means of knowledge of those facts, (5) who detrimentally relied on the misrepresentations. Schroeder v. Texas Iron Works, Inc., 813 S.W.2d 483, 489 (Tex.1991).
Although Flameout argues that “Pennzoil clearly made false representations of material fact,” it does not state what those false representations were and does not refer us to any summary judgment proof except for a general reference to its president’s 13-page affidavit. [5] Flameout has produced no evidence of any false representation of material fact by PCC.
We overrule Flameout’s second issue.
Burden of Proof
In its third issue presented, Flame-out contends the trial court erred in improperly shifting the burden of proof to Flameout to disprove PCC’s affirmative defense of the statute of frauds. Flameout did not object in the trial court that the burden of proof was improperly shifted and has, therefore, waived this issue. [6]
We overrule Flameout’s third issue.
Anticipatory Repudiation
In its fourth issue presented, Flameout contends that PCC anticipatorily repudiated the agreement.
Before there can be an anticipatory repudiation of a contract, there must first be an enforceable contract. In our ruling on Flameout’s first issue, we held that there was no enforceable contract between Flameout and PCC.
Accordingly, we overrule Flameout’s fourth issue.
Economic Duress/Business Coercion
In its fifth issue presented, Flameout contends that it produced sufficient evidence to create a fact issue re[*837] garding the existence of economic duress/business coercion.
In February 1994, PCC issued a purchase order for approximately $770,000 in parts and issued a check for an agreed 20 percent pre-payment of the purchase order. PCC did not deliver the check to Flameout, but informed Flameout that it could no longer use CSE, a vendor from whom Flameout had been purchasing parts, because CSE dealt primarily with surplus parts rather than new, OEM parts.
Flameout asserts that PCC insisted that Flameout execute a change order “which added new, onerous requirements” to their agreement without any consideration. Flameout never specifies the nature of these “onerous requirements” other than requiring the use of a vendor who could supply new, OEM parts. Flameout does not direct us to, and we have been unable to find, the change order in the record.
To recover for economic duress or business coercion, Flameout would have to prove that (1) PCC threatened to do some act that it had no legal right to do; (2) the threat was of such a character as to destroy Flameout’s free agency; (3) the threat overcame Flameout’s free will and caused it to do that which it would not otherwise have done and that it was not legally bound to do; (4) the restraint was imminent; and (5) Flameout had no present means of protection. See Creative Mfg., Inc. v. Unik, Inc., 726 S.W.2d 207, 211 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1987, writ ref'd n.r.e.).
Flameout has produced no evidence that PCC threatened to do some act that it had no legal right to do. Flameout informed PCC in the February 22, 1994 letter from Moore to Jacobs that CSE would provide new, OEM parts. In fact, CSE provided salvaged or surplus parts, according to the testimony of its president, John Chapman. PCC had a right to order new, OEM parts and to insist that Flameout use vendors who could supply those parts.
We overrule Flameout’s fifth issue.
Fraud and Negligent Misrepresentation
In its sixth issue presented, Flameout contends it produced sufficient evidence to create a fact issue regarding its fraud and negligent misrepresentation claims. In its brief, Flameout does not clearly distinguish these two causes of action and applies its argument to both.
A plaintiff may not circumvent the statute of frauds by asserting a claim for fraud. Leach v. Conoco, Inc., 892 S.W.2d 954, 960 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, writ dism’d w.o.j.). A fraud cause of action is barred by the statute of frauds when the plaintiff seeks to gain the benefit of the bargain he would have obtained had the contract been performed. Id. To avoid this rule, Flameout contends in its brief that it is seeking damages resulting from its reliance on the alleged misrepresentations. However, in its response and supplemental response to PCC’s motion for summary judgment, Flameout did not attach any summary judgment proof to support its separate claim for fraud, which, under rule 166a(i), it was required to do. The gist of Flame-out’s cause of action for fraud is clearly PCC’s alleged breach of the agreement, and this cause of action is barred by the statute of frauds.
To establish a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation, the plaintiff must prove (1) the representation was made by a defendant in the course of his business or in a transaction in which he has a pecuniary interest; (2) the defendant supplied false information regarding an existing fact for the guidance of others in their business; (3) the defendant did not exercise reasonable care or competence in obtaining or communicating the information; and (4) the plaintiff suffered pecuniary loss by justifiably relying on the representation. Federal Land Bank Ass’n of Tyler v. Sloane, 825 S.W.2d 439, 442 (Tex.1991).
[*838] Flameout does not direct us to any summary judgment evidence to support its allegations of misrepresentations by PCC, but refers only to the allegations in its petition. Pleadings are not competent summary judgment evidence. Laidlaw Waste Systems, Inc. v. City of Wilmer, 904 S.W.2d 656, 660 (Tex.1995).
Flameout argues that its contention that PCC (1) entered into a three-year agreement with Flameout, (2) denied making the agreement, and (3) failed to perform the agreement is evidence from which we may infer that PCC promised to take future action with the intent not to perform. Such an inference on our part would nullify the statute of frauds and turn mere allegations into presumed evidence. This we will not do.
Flameout has produced no evidence to support its contention that PCC entered into a three-year contract with Flameout. In addition, Flameout has produced no evidence to support its allegations of fraudulent or negligent misrepresentations. All Flameout’s complaints are tied to its allegations of the existence and breach of a three-year contract. If PCC’s conduct would give rise to liability only because it breached the agreement, Flameout’s claim sounds only in contract. See Southwestern Bell Tel. Co. v. DeLanney, 809 S.W.2d 493, 494 (Tex.1991).
Flameout’s reliance on Formosa Plastics Corporation USA v. Presidio Engineers and Contractors, Inc., 960 S.W.2d 41 (Tex.1997), is misplaced. In Formosa Plastics, there was evidence to support Presidio’s complaint that Formosa Plastics intentionally perpetrated a fraud on Presi-dio. We have no such evidence in the present case.
We overrule Flameout’s sixth issue.
DTPA
In its seventh issue presented, Flameout contends that it is a consumer under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act and has a claim under the DTPA separate and apart from its breach of contract claim.
Under the DTPA, a consumer is one who seeks or acquires, by purchase or lease, any goods or services. Tex. Bus. & Comm.Code Ann. § 17.45(4) (Vernon 1987). The goods or services sought or acquired must form the basis of the complaint. Cameron v. Terrell & Garrett, Inc., 618 S.W.2d 535, 539 (Tex.1981).
In this case, Flameout is undoubtedly a consumer as to someone. However, Flameout is not a consumer as to PCC. Under the alleged agreement, PCC was to consume goods supplied by Flameout. Furthermore, the goods purchased are not the basis of Flameout’s complaint. Flame-out’s complaint is that PCC did not perform according to an alleged agreement. Allegations of a breach of contract will not support a cause of action under the DTPA. See Crawford v. Ace Sign, Inc., 917 S.W.2d 12, 14 (Tex.1996).
We overrule Flameout’s seventh issue.
PCC’s Cross-Points
Flameout objects that PCC did not file a notice of appeal and contends these cross-points should not be considered. Because PCC does not ask for greater relief than that granted by the trial court, it was not required to file a notice of appeal as a prerequisite to presenting these points. See Tex.R.App. P. 25.1(c).
PCC raises two cross-points. In the first, PCC contends the trial court should have sustained its objections to Flameout’s summary judgment evidence. That evidence consisted primarily of a 13-page affidavit by Michael Moore, Flameout’s president, some documentary evidence, and deposition excerpts.
In light of our ruling on Flameout’s issues, we need not reach PCC’s first cross-point.
PCC also asserts that this Court does not have jurisdiction because Flame-[*839] out lost its corporate charter due to administrative forfeiture on February 29, 1998, for failure to pay its corporate franchise tax, citing section 171.309 of the Texas Tax Code.
Section 171.309 governs forfeiture of a corporate charter by the secretary of state. There is no evidence that the secretary of state has instituted forfeiture proceedings against Flameout.
Section 171.251 provides that, if a corporation does not pay its corporate franchise tax, its corporate privileges are forfeited. Under section 171.252, if a corporation’s corporate privileges are forfeited, the corporation is denied the right to sue or defend in a court of this state. These sections would apply to Flameout.
However, section 171.251 is not jurisdictional. See Hardwick v. Austin Gallery of Oriental Rugs, Inc., 779 S.W.2d 438, 441 (Tex.App.—Austin 1989, writ denied). The purpose of the statute is to enforce collection of state franchise taxes, not to prohibit a corporate cause of action. Bluebonnet Farms, Inc. v. Gibraltar Sav. Ass’n, 618 S.W.2d 81, 85 (Tex.Civ.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1980, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Once the corporation pays the delinquent taxes and is reinstated, the payment relates back and revives the corporate rights that were forfeited. Id.
Flameout has now paid its corporate franchise tax, and the issue is moot. Accordingly, we overrule PCC’s second cross-point.
Having overruled all of Flameout’s issues on appeal, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
. Flameout contends the April 28, 1994 letter, which is simply a cover or transmittal letter, incorporates the shipping procedures so that the procedures become a “signed” document. The letter does not contain language of incorporation.
. Flameout also generally asserts that “numerous” other documents are evidence of the agreement. We have reviewed the eight documents specifically listed by Flameout and have determined that they do not support Flameout’s contention.
.PCC evidently interpreted certain allegations by Flameout to be a claim that Flameout was to be the exclusive supplier of all PCC’s spare parts requirements. In its reply brief, Flameout denies such an intent. Flameout asserts that its claim is that it had an agreement to supply the parts listed on the Baku list.
. Commissioning parts, referenced in the Baku list and the receiving procedures, refers to those parts needed for the start-up of the project. Spares, referenced in the Baku list, refers to parts needed for replacement and maintenance after the project is in operation.
. The affidavit of Michael Moore, Flameout’s president, is essentially a narrative recitation of the facts contained in Flameout’s petition. It does not purport to be facts of which Moore has personal knowledge. Rather, it states, "During Flameout's involvement in the project, I was advised of the following facts.”
.Even if Flameout had made its objection to the trial court, this issue is without merit. The applicability of the statute of frauds to Flameout’s breach of contract action was established by Flameout’s petition, which showed on its face that the complaint involved a contract that could not be performed within one year and was for the sale of goods for more than $500. See Manahan v. Meyer, 862 S.W.2d 130, 133 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, writ denied). Therefore, it was Flameout’s burden to produce evidence that the statute of frauds was satisfied or that Flameout was subject to some exception or defense to the statute of frauds.