Ismael Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660 (Tex. App. 2015). · Go Syfert
Ismael Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660 (Tex. App. 2015). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
13 citation events (13 in the last 25 years) across 1 distinct court.
Strongest positive: Harold Gene Jefferson v. the State of Texas (texapp, 2021-06-17)
Top citers, strongest first. 9 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Harold Gene Jefferson v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2021 · confidence medium
Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 663 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d) (quoting Woodard v. State, 322 S.W.3d 648, 657 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cody Lon Smith v. State
Tex. App. · 2019 · confidence medium
App. 2016) (overruling jury charge complaint where jury charge tracked the indictment); Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 663-64 (Tex. App.— Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d) (holding trial court did not err by submitting jury charge that accurately followed the amended indictment where defendant waived any error related to the amendment of the indictment).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Distefano v. State
Tex. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 663 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref'd).
examined Cited "see" Jeremy Neil Atchison v. the State of Texas (4×)
Tex. App. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 662 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d) (“a defendant waives this error [in amending the indictment] by failing to object to the amendment”); Adams v. State, 179 S.W.3d 161, 163 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2005, no pet.) (defendant must make timely objection to amended indictment to preserve claim of erroneous amendment on appeal). “[A] defendant cannot fail to object to a defective charging instrument, then be convicted, then later claim that there was error going to trial upon the defective instrument.” State v. Murk, 815 S.W.2d 556, …
discussed Cited "see" Vandamme Jeanty v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2023 · signal: see · confidence high
See Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 663 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d); cf. Curry, 30 S.W.3d at 404 (concluding that because the indictment’s amendment was erroneous, the hypothetically correct jury charge must be based on the original indictment). 3.
discussed Cited "see" in Re Muamar Asad Sayyed
Tex. App. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
See Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 662 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d) (trial court erred in amending indictment on date of trial, but error rendered amendment voidable rather than void); see also Trejos v. State, 243 S.W.3d 30, 42 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. 1 Relator asked that we also consider the exhibits attached to his petition for writ of mandamus in an earlier proceeding.
discussed Cited "see" Vicente Ramirez v. State
Tex. App. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
See Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660 , 663–64 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d); Floyd v. State, No. 05-17-01325-CR, 2018 WL 5784487 , at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Nov. 5, 2018, pet. ref’d).
discussed Cited "see" Deann Rochelle Floyd v. State
Tex. App. · 2018 · signal: see · confidence high
See Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 663 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d); cf. Curry v. State, 30 S.W.3d 394, 404 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Evan Elon Webber v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2023 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Under Article 1.14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, a defendant “waives and forfeits the right to object” “to a defect, error, or irregularity of form or substance in an indictment” and “may not raise the objection on appeal” if he “does not object to [the] defect, error, or irregularity . . . before the date on which the trial on the merits commences.” Id. art. 1.14(b); see Jones v. State, 907 S.W.2d 850, 857 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, pet. ref’d); see also Trevino v. State, 470 S.W.3d 660, 662 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. ref’d) (concluding t…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Ismael TREVINO, Appellant
v.
the STATE of Texas, Appellee
NO. 14-14-00262-CR.
Court of Appeals of Texas.
Jul 23, 2015.
470 S.W.3d 660
Allen C. Isbell, Houston, TX, for appellant., Eric Kugler, Houston, TX, for state.
Frost, Boyce, McCally.
Cited by 9 opinions  |  Published

OPINION

Sharon McCally, Justice

A jury convicted appellant Ismael Trevino of aggravated assault of a household member and assessed punishment at twenty-seven years’ confinement. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.02(a)(b)(l). In two issues, appellant contends (1) the evidence is legally insufficient to prove that the complainant was a member of appellant’s family, and (2) appellant suffered egregious harm from an allegedly erroneous jury instruction that authorized a conviction if appellant assaulted a member of appellant’s household.

The resolution of both of appellant’s is-. sues depends on the alleged voidness of the amendment of the indictment on the day of trial, before jury selection, to replace the word “family” with the word “household” when describing appellant’s relationship with the complainant. [1] Appellant contends the hypothetically correct[*662] jury charge for measuring the sufficiency of the evidence would require proof that the complainant was a member of appellant’s family as alleged in the original indictment because the amendment was “void”; and appellant contends the jury charge was erroneous because it authorized a conviction if the State proved that the complainant was a member of appellant’s household. It is undisputed that there is evidence the complainant was a member of-appellant’s household and not a member of appellant’s family.

We first address whether the amended indictment was void and then address appellant’s two issues. Ultimately, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

I. Amended Indictment Was Not Void

Amendments to indictments are governed by Article 28.10 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 28.10. A plain reading of the statute does not contemplate the amendment of an indictment on the day of trial prior to the commencement of the trial. See Sodipo v. State, 815 S.W.2d 551, 556 n.3 & n.4 (Tex.Crim.App.1990) (op. on reh’g). Thus, a trial court errs by allowing the State to amend the' indictment on the day of trial before jury selection. See id. at 555-56; see also Hicks v. State, 864 S.W.2d 693, 694 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, no pet.) (“The Court of Criminal Appeals has construed Article 28.10 to be an absolute prohibition against amendments to the indictment on the day of trial before the commencement [of] the trial on the merits.”).

However, a defendant waives this error by failing to object to the amendment. Sodipo, 815 S.W.2d at 556 (citing State v. Murk, 815 S.W.2d 556 (Tex.Crim.App.1991)). In Murk, the Court of Criminal Appeals held that the defendant waived this error by not complaining about the error at trial, citing the predecessor to Rule 33.1 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. See Murk, 815 S.W.2d at 558; see also Tex.R.App. P. 33.1.

If a complaint regarding the amendment of the indictment on the day of trial may be waived by failing to preserve error in the trial court, such an amendment is merely voidable — it is not void. See Ex parte Patterson, 969 S.W.2d 16, 19-20 (Tex.Crim.App.1998) (holding that when the indictment is voidable, rather than void, the defendant must object to the indictment to prevent waiver of the error).

Having determined that the amended indictment was not void, we now address appellant’s two issues. [2]

II. Sufficiency of the Evidence MEASURED BY AMENDED Indictment

In his first issue, appellant contends the evidence is insufficient to prove his guilt under the hypothetically correct jury charge based on the original indictment.

[*663] The sufficiency of the evidence is measured against the hypothetically correct jury charge, which is a charge “authorized by' the indictment.” Curry v. State, 30 S.W.3d 394, 404 (Tex.Crim.App.2000). When an appellate court concludes that an indictment has been erroneously-amended over the defendant’s objection, “the hypothetically correct jury charge must be one which is authorized by the original indictment, not the amended indictment.” Id.

However, in Curry the defendant objected to the amendment, and the Court of Criminal Appeals reviewed the merits of the preserved error before addressing the sufficiency of the evidence in light of the original indictment. See id. at 397 (noting objection); id. at 398-403 (reviewing amendment error).

Appellant cites no authority to suggest that this court should review the sufficiency of the evidencé based on the original indictment when the defendant fails to preserve error related to the amendment of the indictment, and we have found noné. Nothing in Ciorry suggests that the court would have referred to the original indictment even if the defendant had failed to preserve error related to the amendment.

Here, because the amendment was not void, the hypothetically correct jury charge should be based on the amended indictment, which alleged that the complainant was a member of appellant’s household. But appellant, does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence under the amended indictment; he challenges only the sufficiency of the evidence of the complainant’s status as a member of appellant’s family. Because appellant has not challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction under the amended indictment, we overrule his first issue. [3]

III. JURY CHARGE DETERMINED by Amended Indictment

In his second issue, appellant contends he suffered egregious harm because the trial court charged the jury pursuant to the amended indictment, rather than the original indictment.

Generally, a jury charge “must not enlarge the offense alleged and authorize the jury to convict the defendant on a basis or theory permitted by the jury-charge but not alleged in the indictment.” Castillo v. State, 7 S.W.3d 253, 258 (Tex.App.-Austin 1999, pet. refd) (collecting cases). [4] And, “an unobjected-to and un-waived submission of an unindicted offense in the jury charge followed by a conviction of that offense meets Almanza’s, ‘egregious harm’ standard.” Woodard v. State, 322 S.W.3d 648, 658 (Tex.Crim.App.2010) (emphasis added). But, the “right to a grand jury indictment under state law is a waivable right.” Id. at 657.

As discussed above, error related to the amendment of an indictment is “waived by the defendant failing to object at trial to such amendment.” Sodipo, 815 S.W.2d at 556. As discussed above, because the amendment in this case was not void,, ap[*664] pellant waived the error by failing to object and obtain a ruling. See Tex.R.App. P. 33.1. Therefore, we use the amended indictment for purposes of analyzing appellant’s second issue.

The jury charge accurately followed the amended indictment, which alleged that the complainant was a member of appellant’s household. The trial court did not err by submitting a jury charge in accordance with the amended indictment.

We overrule appellant’s second issue.

IV. Conclusion

Having overruled both of appellant’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

1

. It is undisputed that the State sought and obtained leave to amend the indictment about two weeks before trial, but the State failed to physically amend the indictment at that time. We do not reach the State’s argument that obtaining leave, itself, constituted an amendment of the indictment under Perez v. State, 429 S.W.3d 639 (Tex.Crim.App.2014). See Tex.R.App. P. 47.1.

2

. Appellant does not contend that he objected to the trial court's allowing the indictment to be amended, nor does he assert that the amendment itself created reversible error. The record reflects that when the trial court asked the State if it was amending the indictment on the first day of trial before jury selection, appellant's trial counsel responded, "And, Judge, I have to objection to that.” The trial court said, "Very good, thank you." In his brief, appellant adds the word "(sic)” after the first use of the word "to,” and appellant argues that the amended indictment was void "even if trial counsel expressed no objection.” The State similarly asserts that appellant's counsel actually stated he had "no objection."

3

. The State does not contend that any variance between the original indictment and evidence at trial regarding the complainant’s status as a family or household member was immaterial for purposes of a sufficiency analysis, so we do not reach that potential issue. See generally Gollihar v. State, 46 S.W.3d 243, 256-58 (Tex.Crim.App.2001) (discussing material variance doctrine; holding that immaterial variances are disregarded under the hypothetically correct jury charge).

4

. Again, the State does not contend that any variance between the- indictment and jury charge related to the complainant's status as a family, member or household member was immaterial. See supra note 3.