At page 638 Requirement of sum certain and agency claim procedures24 citing casessum certain also required to 7 identify claims requiring the approval of the Attorney General for settlement pursuant to 28 8 U.S.C. § 2672 , and to evaluate insurance coverage
- Baker v. Axtman, No. 2:25-cv-00136 (D. Idaho Aug. 4, 2025).Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 638 (9th Cir. 1974).
- Kimber v. Harker, No. 3:21-cv-01487 (S.D. Cal. June 23, 2025).As explained in the Court’s Orders dismissing Plaintiff’s Third and Fifth 28 Amended Complaints, “[a] plaintiff seeking to bring suit under the FTCA must 1 affirmatively allege that they filed a claim with the appropriate federal agency an…
- Noh v. United States, No. 2:24-cv-02086 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 30, 2025).But Plaintiff must do more than wait out the administrative claim period 2 in order to achieve exhaustion of her administrative remedies—she must “present[ her] claim to 3 the appropriate Federal agency” and either receive “a conclusive de…
- Bluford v. United States, No. 2:24-cv-00509 (D. Ariz. May 15, 2024).Plaintiff 4 asserts nine claims of medical negligence and one count of fraud regarding medical care 5 he received while he was confined in the Federal Correctional Institution-Phoenix. 6 Under the statutory procedure set forth in 28 U.S.C.…
- Kimber v. Harker, No. 3:21-cv-01487 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 16, 2024).A plaintiff seeking to bring suit 14 under the FTCA must affirmatively allege that they filed a claim with the appropriate 15 federal agency and that the agency denied that claim. 28 U.S.C. § 2675 (a); Caton v. 16 United States, 495 F.2d 6…
- Byler v. Woods, No. 3:22-cv-00208 (D. Alaska Aug. 4, 2023).The FTCA requires that tort claimants exhaust their administrative remedies with the federal agency responsible for the alleged injury before suing the United States.60 To fulfill this requirement, claimants must (1) properly present their…
- Yatskiv v. United States, No. 2:21-cv-00763 (E.D. Cal. July 25, 2022).(sum certain also required to 7 identify claims requiring the approval of the Attorney General for settlement pursuant to 28 8 U.S.C. § 2672 , and to evaluate insurance coverage)
- Monk v. United States, No. 4:21-cv-00419 (D. Idaho Feb. 4, 2022).“The statutory procedure is clear…the claimant may not commence his court action until either (1) the agency makes a final denial within the six months’ period, or (2) six months transpires after the claim is filed with the agency, and the…
- Green v. State of Washington, No. 3:20-cv-06112 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 16, 2021).Id. (citations omitted). 10 “It is axiomatic that the United States may not be sued without its consent and that 11 the existence of consent is a prerequisite for jurisdiction.” United States v. Navajo Nation, 12 537 U.S. 488, 502 (2001) (…
- Rohrig v. Pratt, No. 3:20-cv-05829 (W.D. Wash. Nov. 18, 2020).(statutory 20 procedure is clear that a tort proceeding may not be commenced in court against the United 21 States until the claim is conclusively denied or a lapse of six months without action)
Show 14 more citing cases
- Wilson v. Lewicky, No. 3:19-cv-08306 (D. Ariz. Apr. 20, 2020).Claims 13 under the FTCA may only be brought against the United States. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1346 (b), 14 2679(a); Allen v. Veterans Admin., 749 F.2d 1386, 1388 (9th Cir. 1984) (individual 15 agencies of the United States may not be sued). 16 Unde…
- Lewis v. Chase Airport Mgmt. Inc., No. 3:19-cv-01152 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 6, 2019).Jd. “‘{T]he statutory procedure is clear.” A 19 claimant may not commence proceedings. court against the United States without fir 20 filing ... [a] claim with an appropriate federal agency and either receiving a conclusiv 21 denial of the…
- Kinlichee v. United States, 929 F. Supp. 2d 951 (D. Ariz. 2013).publishedJohnson v. United States, 704 F.2d 1431, 1442 (9th Cir.1983) (citations omitted); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 638 (9th Cir.1974).
- Valadez-lopez v. Chertoff, 656 F.3d 851 (9th Cir. 2011).publishedAs we noted in Jerves , “[a] tort claimant may not commence proceedings in court against the United States without first filing her claim with an appropriate federal agency and either receiving a conclusive denial of the claim from the age…
- Hallett v. United States Dep't of Navy, 850 F. Supp. 874 (D. Nev. 1994).publishedThe United States argues that Rama’s Fifth Cause of Action should be dismissed because Rama failed to comply with the administrative resolution provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 2675 (a). 6 In Jerves v. United States, 966 F.2d 517 (9th Cir.1992),…
- Peter A. Kokaras & Diane Kokaras v. United States, 980 F.2d 20 (1st Cir. 1992).publishedCizek v. United States, 953 F.2d 1232, 1234 (10th Cir.1992); Adkins v. United States, 896 F.2d 1324, 1325 (11th Cir.1990); Montoya v. United States, 841 F.2d 102 , 105 (5th Cir.1988); GAF Corp. v. United States, 818 F.2d 901, 919 (D.C.Cir.…
- Mildred Jerves v. United States, 966 F.2d 517 (9th Cir. 1992).published As we noted in Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 638 (9th Cir.1974), “[t]he statutory procedure is clear.” A tort claimant may not commence proceedings in court against the United States without first filing her claim with an appropria…
- Liburd v. Platzer, 25 V.I. 171 (D.V.I. 1990).publishedPa. 1983); Canton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 638 (9th Cir. 1974).
- Falicha Adams, an Infant by Her Parent & Nat. Guardian, Paula Adams v. United States Dep't of Hous. & Urban Dev., 807 F.2d 318 (2d Cir. 1986).publishedSee Keene Corp. v. United States, 700 F.2d 836, 841-42 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 864 , 104 S.Ct. 195 , 78 L.Ed.2d 171 (1983); Erxleben v. United States, 668 F.2d 268 , 271 & n. 3 (7th Cir. *321 1981) (per curiam); Adams v. United S…
- Scott v. Internal Revenue Serv., 622 F. Supp. 537 (E.D. Tenn. 1985).publishedCaton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 638 (9th Cir.1974); Best Bearings Co. v. United States, 463 F.2d 1177, 1179 (7th Cir.1972); see also Executive Jet Aviation, Inc. v. United States, 507 F.2d 508, 514-15 (6th Cir.1974).
- Meserey v. United States, 447 F. Supp. 548 (D. Nev. 1977).publishedThe failure of an agency to make final disposition of a claim within six months after it is filed shall, at the option of the claimant any time thereafter, be deemed a final denial of the claim for purposes of this section. . .” The comman…
- Van Fossen v. United States, 430 F. Supp. 1017 (N.D. Cal. 1977).published Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 638 (9 Cir. 1974).
- MacK v. United States Postal Serv., 414 F. Supp. 504 (E.D. Mich. 1976).published
- Scalia v. United States, 475 F. Supp. 1040 (S.D.N.Y. 1979).published
At page 637 Requirement of sum certain for agency claims under tort claims act21 citing cases“We hold that there was a rational basis for the regulation and that it was necessary in order to enable the heads of Federal agencies and the Attorney General to carry out their respective duties in connection with processing and attempting to settle claims under the Tort Claims Act.”
- Gary L. Adams v. United States, 615 F.2d 284 (5th Cir. 1980).published But see Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637-38 (9th Cir. 1974).
- Copen v. United States of Am., No. 5:19-cv-01346 (N.D. Ohio Dec. 22, 2019).Jet Aviation Inc. v. United States, 507 F.2d 508, 514 (6th Cir. 1974); Melo v. United States, 505 F.2d 1026, 1028 (8th Cir. 1974); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir. 1974); Best Bearings Co. v. United States, 463 F.2d 1177…
- Alleman v. United States, 372 F. Supp. 2d 1212 (D. Or. 2005).publishedCaton v. U.S., 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir.1974).
- Niimi-Montalbo v. White, 243 F. Supp. 2d 1109 (D. Haw. 2003).publishedEven if, however, a remedy were available under the Federal Tort Claims Act (“FTCA”), Count IX would still be dismissed because Niimi-Montalbo failed to file a timely administrative claim, which is a jurisdictional prerequisite to filing s…
- Sutton v. United States, 881 F.2d 1084 (9th Cir. 1989).unpublished In so holding, Avril states that the "sum certain" being claimed on the appropriate form as filed is clearly implied from the provisions of section 2675 itself. 461 F.2d at 1091 . 15 What is said in Avril is approved in Caton v. United Sta…
- Alaska Pac., Inc. v. United States, 650 F. Supp. 29 (D. Nev. 1986).publishedBailey v. United States, 642 F.2d 344, 346 (9th Cir.1981); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir.1974).
- Robert F. Burns v. United States, 764 F.2d 722 (9th Cir. 1985).published Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir. 1974).
- Targett v. United States, 551 F. Supp. 1231 (N.D. Cal. 1982).publishedBailey v. United States, 642 F.2d 344, 346 (9th Cir.1981); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir.1974).
- Lehner v. United States, 685 F.2d 1187 (9th Cir. 1982).published See House v. Mine Safety Appliances Co., 573 F.2d at 615; Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637-38 (9th Cir. 1974); Avril v. United States, 461 F.2d 1090, 1091 (9th Cir. 1972).
- In Re Agent Orange, Prod. Liab. Litig., 506 F. Supp. 757 (E.D.N.Y. 1980).publishedRosario v. American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines, Inc., 531 F.2d 1227, 1231 (CA3 1976); Commonwealth of Pennsylvania et al. v. National Association of Flood Insurors et al., 520 F.2d 11, 23 (CA3 1975); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637…
Show 9 more citing cases
- In re \Agent Orange\" Prod. Liab. Litig.", 506 F. Supp. 757 (E.D.N.Y. 1980).publishedRosario v. American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines, Inc., 531 F.2d 1227,1231 (CA3 1976); Commonwealth of Pennsylvania et al. v. National Association of Flood Insurors et al., 520 F.2d 11, 23 (CA3 1975); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637…
- Walker v. United States, 471 F. Supp. 38 (M.D. Fla. 1978).publishedBlain v. United States, 552 F.2d 289, 291 (9th Cir. 1977); Rosario v. American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines, Inc., 531 F.2d 1227, 1231 (3d Cir. 1976); Commonwealth of Pa. v. National Ass’n of Flood Insurers, 520 F.2d 11, 20, 23-24 (3d Cir. 197…
- Lunsford v. United States, 570 F.2d 221 (8th Cir. 1977).published Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir. 1974). 9 Numerous cases have been dismissed for failure of the individual claimant to state a sum certain in his administrative claim.
- Coll. v. United States, 411 F. Supp. 738 (D. Md. 1976).publishedMolinar v. United States, 515 F.2d 246, 249 (5th Cir. 1975); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir. 1974); Bialowas v. United States, 443 F.2d 1047, 1048-49 (3d Cir. 1971).
- Christobal Rosario v. Am. Exp.-Isbrandtsen Lines, Inc. v. United States, 531 F.2d 1227 (3d Cir. 1976).publishedExecutive Jet Aviation, Inc. v. United States, 507 F.2d 508, 514 (6th Cir. 1974); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir. 1974); Best Bearings Co. v. United States, 463 F.2d 1177, 1179 (7th Cir. 1972). 7 . 395 F.Supp. at 1196 .…
- Brown v. United States, 403 F. Supp. 472 (C.D. Cal. 1975).publishedUnited States v. Sherwood, 312 U.S. 584 , 61 S.Ct. 767 , 85 L.Ed. 1058 (1941); Mitchell v. Riddell, 402 F.2d 842, 846 (9th Cir., 1968), cert. den., 394 U.S. 456 , 89 S.Ct. 1223 , 22 L.Ed.2d 415 (1969); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635,…
- Christine Roth Melo v. United States, 505 F.2d 1026 (8th Cir. 1974).published Twenty-eight C.F.R. 14.2(a) contains the identical language of 39 C.F.R. 912.5 requiring a claim for money damages to be in a sum certain. 16 In Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 637 (9th Cir. 1974), the court, for Sound reasons set ou…
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, by William Sheppard, Ins. Comm'r v. Nat'l Ass'n of Flood Insurers, an Unincorporated Ass'n, 520 F.2d 11 (3d Cir. 1975).published
- Winn v. United States Postal Serv., No. 3:19-cv-00842 (M.D. La. Dec. 22, 2020).
At page 636 Upholding dismissal for failure to state claim4 citing cases
- Nigh v. United States ex rel. U.S. Agric. Dep't, 534 F. Supp. 2d 1170 (D. Mont. 2008).published Id.; Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 639 (9th Cir.1974).
- Cooper v. United States, 498 F. Supp. 116 (W.D.N.Y. 1980).publishedMolinar v. United States, 515 F.2d 246 , 248 249 (5th Cir. 1975); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 636 (9th Cir. 1974); Bialowas v. United States, supra, at 1050; Jordan v. United States, 333 F.Supp. 987 , 989 90 (E.D.Pa.1971), aff’d…
- Rothman v. United States, 434 F. Supp. 13 (C.D. Cal. 1977).publishedSee, e. g., Executive Jet Aviation, Inc. v. United States, 507 F.2d 508, 514-15 (6th Cir. 1974); Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 636-38 (9th Cir. 1974); Avril v. United States, 461 F.2d 1090, 1091 (9th Cir. 1972).
At page 639 Affirming dismissal for lack of jurisdiction3 citing casesThe district court should have dismissed the claim for lack of jurisdiction. The court’s action in granting summary judgment was erroneous, but we treat its…
- Crespo v. Opah, No. 2:22-cv-02058 (D. Ariz. Apr. 26, 2023).Caton, 495 F.2d at 639 (“The district court should have dismissed the claim for lack of jurisdiction.
- Nigh v. United States ex rel. U.S. Agric. Dep't, 534 F. Supp. 2d 1170 (D. Mont. 2008).published Id.; Caton v. United States, 495 F.2d 635, 639 (9th Cir.1974).
Other citing cases
- Edwin J. Blair v. Internal Revenue Serv. Dep't of the Treasury United States of Am. James Freitas Thomas Whatley, 304 F.3d 861 (9th Cir. 2002).published
- Gervais v. United States, 667 F. Supp. 710 (D. Mont. 1987).published
- Hutchinson v. United States, 677 F.2d 1322 (9th Cir. 1982).published
- No. 79-4542, 677 F.2d 1322 (9th Cir. 1982).published
v.
UNITED STATES of America Et Al., Defendant-Appellee
OPINION
JAMES M. CARTER, Circuit Judge:This is an appeal from a summary judgment for the United States in an action under the Tort Claims Act.
Plaintiff sustained an injury from a trip and fell on government premises on October 4, 1969. On September 2, 1970, her attorney, by letter, advised the insurance carrier for the Navy Unappropriated Fund Activity, the Commonwealth Adjustment Bureau, of doctors’ bills of $287.00 and loss of earnings of $1,200, and that plaintiff was still undergoing treatment.
On June 9, 1971, within the two-year limitation of 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b), plaintiff filed an administrative claim on Standard Form 95, and in the box on the form providing for the “Amount of Claim” for “Personal Injury” wrote “Unknown at this time.” On October 1, 1971, plaintiff commenced her action in the district court for general damages, alleged to be the sum of $25,000, and for medical expense and loss of earnings when ascertained.
The government filed a motion to dismiss and in the alternative a motion for summary judgment. The court granted summary judgment and did not act on the motion to dismiss. We treat the ruling as a dismissal for'lack of jurisdiction and affirm.
28 U.S.C. § 2672 reads in part:
“The head of each Federal agency or his designee, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Attorney General, may consider, ascertain, adjust, determine, compromise, and settle any claim for money damages against the United States for injury or loss of property or personal injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any employee of the agency while acting within the scope of his office or employment, under circumstances where the United States, if a private person, would be liable to the claimant in accordance with the law of the place where the act or omission occurred: Provided, That any award, compromise, or settlement in excess of $25,000 shall be effected only with the prior written approval of the Attorney General or his designee.”
28 U.S.C. § 2675(a) provides that:
“An action shall not be instituted upon a claim against the United States for money damages for personal injury . . . , unless the claimant shall have first presented the claim to the appropriate Federal agency and his claim shall have been finally denied by the agency in writing and sent by certified or registered mail . . . v . ”
28 C.F.R. § 14.2(a) provides that:
“Fdr purposes of Section 2672 of Title 28 ... a claim shall be[*637] deemed to have been presented when a Federal agency receives ... an executed Standard Form 95 or other written notification of an incident, accompanied by a claim for money damages, in a, sum certain . . . .”
(Emphasis supplied).
Avril v. United States (9 Cir. 1972) 461 F.2d 1090 controls this case. There the action was dismissed because the claimant failed to file its agency claim in a sum certain; the agency claim was held a nullity; there was thus no jurisdiction in the federal court, for the claimant had technically failed to “have first presented the claim to the appropriate Federal agency” as required by § 2675(a). In accord is Bialowas v. United States (3 Cir. 1971) 443 F.2d 1047, 1050.
Where a claim was not filed within the statutory limits, an action filed thereafter should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Jordan v. United States (E.D.Pa.1971) 333 F.Supp. 987. Jordan cites Bialowas, supra, and sets forth the basis of such a dismissal.
“ ‘As a sovereign, the United States is immune from suit save as it consents to be sued. The terms of its consent to be sued in any court define the court’s jurisdiction to entertain the suit. United States v. Sherwood, 312 U.S. 584, 61 S.Ct. 767, 85 L.Ed. 1058 (1941).’ Bialowas v. United States, 443 F.2d 1047, 1048-1049 (3 Cir. 1971). The United States has not consented to be sued once the time period prescribed by 28 U.S.C. § 2401 has run. This Court, then, lacks jurisdiction if plaintiff’s claim is barred by that section.”
But see Muldez v. United States (E.D. Va.1971) 326 F.Supp. 692, where the court granted “the defendant’s motion for summary'judgment and dismiss [ed] the action for lack of jurisdiction.”
Plaintiff’s contention that 28 C.F.R. § 14.2(a) applies only for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 2672 and not for purposes of § 2675(a), was rejected in Avril, supra.
Plaintiff’s contention that 28 C.F.R. § 14.2(a) is in excess of the authority granted the Attorney General in 28 U. S.C. § 2672 to prescribe the regulations, is also without merit. We hold that there was a rational basis for the regulation and that it was necessary in order to enable the heads of Federal agencies and the Attorney General to carry out their respective duties in connection with processing and attempting to settle claims under the Tort Claims Act. Bialowas, supra, 443 F.2d p. 1050.
The original limit in 28 U.S.C. § 2672 of a claim subject to administrative settlement was $1,000. A 1959 amendment (P.L. 86-238) raised the limit to $2,500.
A 1966 amendment (P.L. 89-506, 80 Stat. 306) eliminated the $2,500 ceiling for administrative settlement of claims and authorized the head of each Federal agency or his designee to settle claims under the Tort Claims Act. It provided, however, “That any award, compromise, or settlement in excess of $25,000 shall be effected only with the prior written approval of the Attorney General or his designee.”
The 1966 amendment to 28 U.S.C. § 2672 clarified paragraph three thereof by providing that “Any award, compromise, or settlement in an amount of $2,500 or less made pursuant to this section shall be paid by the head of the Federal agency concerned out of appropriations available to that agency. .” See' U.S.Code Congressional and Administrative News, 1966, Vol. 2, p. 2523.
Thus after the 1966 amendment “an amount certain” in the claim was not needed to identify the claim as one subject to administrative settlement by the agency, except that the prior written approval of the Attorney General or his designee was required when the claim exceeded $25,000. There still remained the need for the claim to state “a sum certain” to identify the claim which might require Attorney General approval and to identify the claim which, if[*638] settled for $25,000 or less, would be paid out of available appropriations.
Secondly, such identification was needed in connection with insurance coverage that might exist, as it did here, for the governmental agency activity.
Finally, the requirement of the inclusion of “a sum certain” in the claim must be read with the language of 28 U.S.C. § 2675(b): “Action under this section shall not be instituted for any sum in excess of the amount of the claim presented to the federal agency, except where the increased amount is based upon newly discovered evidence not reasonably discoverable at the time of presenting the claim to the federal agency, or upon allegation and proof of intervening facts, relating to the amount of the claim.” (Emphasis added). It is apparent that without the inclusion of “a sum certain” in the claim to the agency, the above provisions of 28 U.S. C. § 2675(b) would be meaningless.
We conclude C.F.R. § 14.2(a) requiring “a sum certain” to be stated in the claim was a valid regulation under the power granted the Attorney General in 28 U.S.C. § 2672. The plaintiff failed to comply with this regulation, for the claim presented to the agency was not in a sum certain. The agency claim was therefore no claim at all. The plaintiff thus failed to meet the jurisdictional requirement in § 2675(a) that the federal courts may not entertain a claim which has not first been presented to the appropriate agency.
A dismissal of the action was required for another reason. 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a) provides, as set forth above, that no action shall be instituted “unless the claimant shall have first presented the claim to the appropriate Federal agency and his claim shall have been finally denied by the agency in writing .” (Emphasis added).
Section 2675(a) further provides, “The failure of an agency to make final disposition of a claim within six months after it is filed shall, at the option of the claimant any time thereafter, be deemed a final denial of the claim for the purposes of this section . . . . ”
28 U.S.C. § 2401(b) provides:
“A tort claim against the United States shall be forever barred unless it is presented in writing to the appropriate Federal agency within two years after such claim accrues or unless action is begun within six months after the date of mailing, by certified or registered mail, of notice of final denial of the claim by the agency to which it was presented.” (As amended July 18, 1966, Pub.L. 89-506, § 7, 80 Stat. 307).
The statutory procedure is clear. The claim must be filed with the agency within two years after the claim accrues. 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b). The agency has six months to make an administrative determination on th‘e claim and if it fails to so act, the claimant may at his option thereafter treat the failure as a final denial of the claim. 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a). After an agency denial, the claimant has six months to file an action in the federal courts. 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b). But the claimant may not commence his court action until either (1) the agency makes a final denial within the six months’ period, or (2) six months transpires after the claim is filed with the agency, and the claimant then treats the agency failure to act as a final denial of the claim. 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a).
Here the injury occurred on October 4, 1969. Within the two-year statutory period the plaintiff filed a claim on June 9, 1971. But the court action was commenced October 1, 1971, before the agency had made á final determination and before the six months’ period allowed the agency had expired. There was thus no statutory authority to file the action on October 1, 1971, and no jurisdiction in the court to entertain the claim. Bialowas v. United States, supra, 443 F.2d pp. 1048-1049.
[*639] The district court should have dismissed the claim for lack of jurisdiction. The court’s action in granting summary judgment was erroneous, but we treat its action as a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction.
The judgment is affirmed.