Hector M. Tirado v. Dep't of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263 (Fed. Cir. 1985). · Go Syfert
Hector M. Tirado v. Dep't of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263 (Fed. Cir. 1985). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
29 citation events (5 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985 2005 2026
Cited for
At page 264 Determining eligibility for disability retirement benefits17 citing casesCongress wanted to restrict eligibility for civil service retirement--both disability and longevity retirement--to persons who have had a least five years of civilian federal employment1 citing court put it this way
  • Montelongo v. Opm, 939 F.3d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2019).published
    Mgmt., 980 F.2d 1431 , 1432-33 (Fed. Cir. 1992); Tirado v. Dep’t of Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264 (Fed. Cir. 1985).
  • Ramon G. Ferrer v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 945 F.2d 416 (Fed. Cir. 1991).unpublished
    See 5 U.S.C. § 8333 (a) (1988); Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985). 6 In McGrath v. Office of Personnel Management, 32 M.S.P.R. 235 , 238, aff'd, 829 F.2d 43 (Fed.Cir.1987) (Table), the Board set out…
  • Florencio B. Mina v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 940 F.2d 678 (Fed. Cir. 1991).unpublished
    (Congress wanted to restrict eligibility for civil service retirement--both disability and longevity retirement--to persons who have had a least five years of civilian federal employment)
  • Julio B. Fronda v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 940 F.2d 678 (Fed. Cir. 1991).unpublished
    Tirado v. Dept. of Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264 (Fed.Cir.1985). 3 Mr. Fronda states that he worked for six years in a combined military and civilian capacity.
  • Telesforo v. Gajardo v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 909 F.2d 1496 (Fed. Cir. 1990).unpublished
    Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985).
  • Ruperto O. Grava v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 889 F.2d 1099 (Fed. Cir. 1989).unpublished
    Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985).
  • Ann C. Brown v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 872 F.2d 401 (Fed. Cir. 1989).unpublished
    (rejecting similar argument in CSRS disability and non-disability retirement context because those provisions “very specifically” require 5 years of “civilian service” for eligibility)
  • Efren C. Cruz v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 864 F.2d 148 (Fed. Cir. 1988).unpublished
    Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985); see 5 U.S.C.
  • Tirso S. Herrera v. United States, 849 F.2d 1416 (Fed. Cir. 1988).published
    Tirado v. Department of Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985); Guevara v. United States, 229 Ct.Cl. 595, 598 (1981); Vincente v. United States, 1 Cl.Ct. 299, 301-02 (1982).
  • Reid v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 708 F. App'x 677 (Fed. Cir. 2017).unpublished
    See id. (citing as cf. Tirado v. Dep’t of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.
Show 7 more citing cases
  • Isidra M. Tizo v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 325 F.3d 1378 (Fed. Cir. 2003).published
    See Tirado v. Dep’t of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985).
  • Libertad A. Mejia v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 937 F.2d 624 (Fed. Cir. 1991).unpublished
    See Tirado v. Dept. of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985).
  • Silvestre B. Lopez, Sr. v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 930 F.2d 38 (Fed. Cir. 1991).unpublished
    See Tirado v. Dep't of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985). 3 Although the Office of Personnel Management was able to verify that Lopez had spent the period of January 1, 1945 through January 20, 1946 in civilian service with…
  • Gerondia Vda De Camemo v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 918 F.2d 186 (Fed. Cir. 1990).unpublished
    See Tirado v. Dept. of Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985). 5 Appellant urges that the decedent's civilian service from 1945 to 1948, all or most of which was performed under contract, was creditable.
  • Simeon M. Pineda v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 899 F.2d 1228 (Fed. Cir. 1990).unpublished
    See Tirado v. Dept of Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985); Blando v. Office of Personnel Management, 36 M.S.P.R. 102 , 104 (M.S.P.B.1988).
  • Anita B. Dimazana v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 878 F.2d 1445 (Fed. Cir. 1989).unpublished
    See Tirado v. Department of Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985).
  • Bernardo L. MacAspac v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 864 F.2d 148 (Fed. Cir. 1988).unpublished
    See Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 264-65 (Fed.Cir.1985). 4 Although the burden was upon the petitioner to establish that he had at least five years of civilian service in order to qualify for the annuity, he offered n…
At page 265 Interpreting service requirements for federal retirement annuity4 citing casesThat is the minimum eligibility requirement. Once that threshold standard of eligibility has been met, military service can be counted (in defined…opening of page *265 (no citing court says what it cites this page for)
  • Pedro C. Acal v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 935 F.2d 280 (Fed. Cir. 1991).unpublished
    Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 265 (Fed.Cir.1985). 4 Mr. Acal also claims that he served for twelve months as a civilian security guard with the United States Army and for four months as a civilian employee of the Unit…
  • Roman P. MacUnat v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 873 F.2d 1451 (Fed. Cir. 1989).unpublished
    Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 265 (Fed.Cir.1985) (emphasis in original).
  • Charles A. Thomas v. Gen. Servs. Admin., 794 F.2d 661 (Fed. Cir. 1986).published
    Tirado v. Department of Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 265 (Fed.Cir.1985). 5 Petitioner now says that the agen *666 cy should have attempted to accommodate his disability within GSA.
  • Toribio P. Cayme v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 923 F.2d 872 (Fed. Cir. 1990).unpublished
    See Tirado v. Department of the Treasury, 757 F.2d 263, 265 (Fed.Cir.1985).
Other citing cases2 with no pin cite or quoted language on record
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Hector M. TIRADO, Petitioner,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF the TREASURY, Respondent
Appeal 85-730.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Mar 13, 1985.
Published opinion
757 F.2d 263
1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 14745
Hector M. Tirado, submitted pro se., Richard K. Willard, Acting Asst. Atty. Gen., David M. Cohen, Director and M. Susan Burnett, Commercial Litigation Branch, Dept, of Justice, Washington, D.C., submitted for respondent.
Davis, Markey.
Cited by 26 opinions  |  Published
DAVIS, Circuit Judge.

Petitioner Tirado, an employee of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), was charged by his agency with (1) engaging in a physical altercation with a fellow employee, (2) acting so as to disrupt the ordinary operation of his office, and (3) disobeying a direct order. He was removed for these reasons, and then appealed to the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB or Board). After a hearing, the MSPB presid[*264] ing official sustained the charges and rejected Tirado’s contention that the IRS failed to attempt to accommodate his claimed handicap (an emotional problem). The presiding official decided, however, that the agency, knowing of petitioner’s emotional condition, had improperly failed to file an application for disability retirement on his behalf. This was said to vitiate the removal and the agency was ordered to cancel that action. On the IRS’s petition for review by the full Board, that tribunal granted the petition, affirmed the presiding official’s determination that the charges had been proved, imposed the penalty of removal, and reversed the presiding official’s determination that the agency had improperly failed to file an application for disability retirement. 22 M.S.P.R. 590. The ground of this last holding was that Tirado did not have the necessary five years of “civilian service” (5 U.S.C. § 8337(a)) which is a prerequisite for all civil service disability retirement. We affirm the full MSPB.

I.

First, there undoubtedly is substantial evidence to support the three specific charges sustained by the MSPB. Tirado admittedly engaged in fisticuffs with a fellow-worker (Mr. Crummer), and there also were testifying witnesses to that very incident. Petitioner admits the other belligerent encounters with respect to members of his office, and again there was adequate support for that charge of disruption. Petitioner likewise disobeyed a direct order of his Division Director to leave the building (after being placed on administrative leave). These facts all occurred, and the only excuse proffered is that they were the result of Tirado’s mental and emotional problems. This does not obviate the existence of the detrimental conduct (though it may have a bearing on disposition).

II.

Petitioner’s major claim is that he did have the five years service necessary for disability retirement because, though he admittedly did not have five years of civilian service, the total of his civilian and military service exceeded five years. He directly challenges the holding of the full Board that military service cannot be counted in measuring an employee’s initial eligibility for disability retirement. His argument is that the word “service,” in the legislation relating to federal civil service retirement (Chapter 83 of Title 5 of the United States Code, Subchapter III), is generally defined (5 U.S.C. § 8331(12)) as “employment creditable under section 8332,” and in turn § 8332 (“Creditable service”) expressly allows credit for military service (§ 8332(c) and (d)). It follows, Tirado says, that the five years service required in § 8337(a) for eligibility for disability retirement includes military as well as civilian service.

The difficulty with this position is that § 8337(a) very specifically requires five years of “civilian service” for eligibility for disability retirement. [1] The same is true of the eligibility provision for a non-disability retirement based on time-in-service. 5 U.S.C. § 8333(a). [2] Similarly, deferred retirement is available at age 62 to an employee who becomes ineligible for civil service retirement “after completing 5 years of civilian service.” 5 U.S.C. § 8338(a). These coordinated and express provisions demonstrate that Congress wanted to restrict eligibility for civil service retirement — both disability and longevity retirement — to persons who have had at least five years of civilian federal employment.[*265] That is the minimum eligibility requirement.

Once that threshold standard of eligibility has been met, military service can be counted (in defined circumstances) in computing the amount of the proper retirement annuity to which the applicant is entitled. That is the special function of the statutory provisions, supra, on which petitioner relies — §§ 8331(12) (defining “service” in terms of § 8332) and 8332(c) and (d) (crediting military service in appropriate circumstances). Those sections have nothing to do with the minimum eligibility requirement of five years of civilian service. Indeed, it would be most extraordinary if Congress, in adopting those particular provisions, silently and impliedly meant to delete or override “civilian” from the specific eligibility provisions (which have long been in the law). The opposite is true — Congress obviously wanted only those individuals with a minimum of federal civilian service to be entitled to a federal civil service annuity. [3]

III.

The remaining question is whether the sanction of removal, imposed by the full MSPB, was suitable. On that we cannot fault the Board’s statement: “[I]n light of the seriousness of the sustained misconduct, [petitioner’s] previous disruptive behavior as shown by his past disciplinary record, the agency’s previous efforts at counselling [petitioner] for such behavior, the relatively short duration of [petitioner’s] employment with the agency and [petitioner’s] mental state at the time of the charged conduct, we find removal to be a penalty which is within the tolerable limits of reasonableness.” For individuals like Tirado, who are ineligible for disability retirement but who are seriously disruptive because of presumed mental or emotional problems, removal is appropriate. See Pic-cone v. United States, supra, 407 F.2d at 872, and contrast Hill v. U.S. Postal Service, 4 MSPB 44, 3 M.S.P.R. _ (1980) (employee eligible for disability retirement because he had five years of civilian service).

AFFIRMED.

1

. § 8337 ("Disability retirement") provides in pertinent part:

(a) An employee who completes 5 years of civilian service and is found by the Office of Personnel Management to have become disabled shall be retired on his own application or on application by his agency. * * * (Emphasis added.)
2

. § 8333 (“Eligibility for annuity") provides in relevant part:

(a) An employee must complete at least 5 years of civilian service before he is eligible for an annuity under this subchapter [relating to civil service retirement annuities]. * * * (Emphasis added.)
3

. In paraphrasing the then disability retirement provision, Piccone v. United States, 407 F.2d 866, 872, 186 Ct.Cl. 752 (1969), spoke of a minimum requirement of "five years’ creditable service in the Government" (emphasis added). This did not mean "creditable” in the sense of useable for annuity computation (which could include military service) but was equivalent to the term "creditable civilian sendee” which the MSPB employed in its prior holding (to the same effect as our instant holding) on which the full Board relied below. Stetka v. Department of Health and Human Services, 9 MSPB 780, 10 M.S.P.R. - (1982). That meaning of "creditable” is civilian government service which is covered by the retirement statute (e.g., federal judges’ service is not so covered).