BERZON, Circuit Judge:

The present appeal arises from the decertification of a pair of related collective actions brought under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”), 29 U.S.C. § 207. Between 2004 and 2009, roughly 2,500 officers (“the Officers”) of the Los Angeles Police Department (“the Department”) opted into two collective actions alleging a pervasive, unwritten policy discouraging the reporting of overtime. After notice to potential collective action members and several years of discovery, the government defendant, the City of Los Angeles (“the City”), moved for decertification of the collective actions on the ground that the Officers within each were not “similarly situated” within the meaning of section 16(b) of the FLSA, 29 U.S.C. § 216(b). According to the City, if any Officers were denied pay for their earned overtime, it was due to unrelated instances of worksite- and supervisor-specific misconduct, rather than a single, Department-wide policy or practice.

The district court granted the City’s motion for decertification and dismissed the Officers without prejudice to refiling their FLSA claims individually. ^[1] The original plaintiffs in the two decertified actions then reached settlements with the City on their own claims, and the district court entered final judgment. Although no longer plaintiffs at that point, the Officers filed timely appeals from final judgment, challenging their decertification and dismissal.

We are asked first whether the Officers can appeal a decertification order when they were dismissed from the collective action before final judgment and without prejudice to their individual FLSA claims. We hold that they can. Opt-in plaintiffs are parties to the collective action, and an order of decertification and dismissal disposes of their statutory right to proceed collectively. They therefore have standing to appeal and may do so after the interlocutory decertification order to which they are adverse merges with final judgment.

We are asked next whether the collective actions here were properly decertified and the Officers properly dismissed for failure to satisfy the “similarly situated” requirement of the FLSA. We hold that they were. Although the district court erred in its interpretation of the “similarly situated” requirement and in the standard it applied in evaluating decertification, a de novo review of the record reflects that the Officers failed, as a matter of law, to create a triable question of fact regarding the existence of a Department-wide policy or practice. In the absence of such a policy or practice, and in the absence of allegations of any other similarity of law or fact material to the disposition of In the absence of statutory or case law guidance, the district courts, both within this circuit and without, have arrived at a loose consensus as to the proper procedure for determining whether the collective mechanism is appropriate. See 1 McLaughlin on Class Actions § 2:16 (14th ed. 2017); see also Leuthold, 224 F.R.D. at 466–67 (citing examples).

First, at or around the pleading stage, plaintiffs will typically move for preliminary certification. ^[1] McLaughlin on Class Actions § 2:16; 7B Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. § 1807. Preliminary certification, as noted, refers to the dissemination of notice to putative collective members, conditioned on a preliminary determination that the collective as defined in the complaint satisfies the “similarly situated” requirement of section 216(b). Symczyk, 569 U.S. at 75. At this early stage of the litigation, the district court’s analysis is typically focused on a review of the pleadings but may sometimes be supplemented by declarations or limited other evidence. See, e.g., Sheffield v. Orius Corp., 211 F.R.D. 411, 413 (D. Or. 2002). The level of consideration is “lenient,” Camesi v. Univ. of Pittsburgh Med. Ctr., 729 F.3d 239, 243 (3d Cir. 2013); Anderson v. Cagle’s, Inc., 488 F.3d 945, 953 (11th Cir. 2007) — sometimes articulated as requiring “substantial allegations,” sometimes as turning on a “reasonable basis,” but in any event loosely akin to a plausibility standard, commensurate with the stage of the proceedings. See, e.g., Halle, 842 F.3d at 224; Morgan, 551 F.3d at 1260 n.38; Thiessen, 267 F.3d at 1105; Mooney v. Aramco Servs. Co., 54 F.3d 1207, 1214 (5th Cir. 1995), overruled on other grounds by Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa, 539 U.S. 90 (2003); cf. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6); Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009).

A grant of preliminary certification results in the dissemination of a court-approved notice to the putative collective action members, advising them that they must affirmatively opt in to participate in the litigation. ^[1] McLaughlin on Class Actions § 2:16; 7B Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. § 1807; see also Hoffmann-La Roche, 493 U.S. at 170–71. A denial of preliminary certification precludes dissemination of any such notice. Denial of preliminary certification may be without prejudice and may be revisited by the district court after further discovery. Halle, 842 F.3d at 225; see, e.g., D’Anna v. M/A-COM, Inc., 903 F. Supp. 889, 894 (D. Md. 1995). Or it may be with prejudice, in which case, if premised on the party plaintiffs’ failure to satisfy the “similarly situated” requirement of section 216(b), it functions as an unfavorable adjudication of the right to proceed in a collective. Mickles, 887 F.3d at 1280; see also Sandoz, 553 F.3d at 915 n.2. In such cases, if opt-in plaintiffs have already joined, they will be dismissed without prejudice to the merits of their individual FLSA claims, and the original plaintiff will be left to litigate alone. Mickles, 887 F.3d at 1280 (citing examples).

Assuming the collective action has survived its earlier scrutiny, the second stage will come at or after the close of relevant discovery. See Hipp v. Liberty Nat’l Life Ins. Co., 252 F.3d 1208, 1218 (11th Cir. 2001) (per curiam). The employer can move for “decertification” of the collective action for failure to satisfy the “similarly situated” requirement in light of the evidence produced to that point. ^[1] McLaughlin on Class Actions § 2:16; 7B Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. § 1807. The district court will then take a more exacting look at the plaintiffs’ allegations and the record. Anderson, 488 F.3d at 953; Thiessen, 267 F.3d at 1102–03. Because of its purpose and timing, decertification can resemble a motion for partial summary judgment on the “similarly situated” question, and may be combined with cross-motions for summary judgment. See, e.g., Sargent v. HG Staffing, LLC, 171 F. Supp. 3d 1063, 1070 (D. Nev. 2016).

If the motion for decertification is granted, the result is a negative adjudication of the party plaintiffs’ right to proceed in a collective as that collective was defined in the complaint. The opt-in plaintiffs are dismissed without prejudice to the merits of their individual claims, and the original plaintiff is left to proceed alone. Hipp, 252 F.3d at 1218. If the motion for decertification is denied, the collective proceeds toward trial, at least on the questions justifying collective treatment. Id.

In determining, as a matter of first impression in this circuit, how to evaluate a motion for decertification, we first must confirm that the district court was correct in considering decertification at the point it did, and on the record then available. We conclude that it was.

The two-step approach has been endorsed by every circuit that has considered it. ^[9] See Myers, 624 F.3d at 554– 55 (2d Cir.); Camesi, 729 F.3d at 243 (3d Cir.); White, 699 F.3d at 877 (6th Cir.); Thiessen, 267 F.3d at 1105 (10th Cir.); Morgan, 551 F.3d at 1260 (11th Cir.). There is good reason for this consensus. In the absence of any statutory directive, the proper means of managing a collective action — the form and timing of notice, the timing of motions, the extent of discovery before decertification is addressed — is largely a question of “case management,” Hoffmann-La Roche, 493 U.S. at 174, and thus a subject of substantial judicial discretion. See GCB Commc’ns, Inc. v. U.S. S. Commc’ns, Inc., 650 F.3d 1257, 1262 (9th Cir. 2011); see also, e.g., Myers, 624 F.3d at 555 n.10; Comer v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 454 F.3d 544, 546 (6th Cir. 2006). There are of course limits to that discretion. In some cases, it may be that a district court abuses its discretion in refusing to allow notice to putative collective action members, or in decertifying too early or too late. See, e.g., Woods v. N.Y. Life Ins. Co., 686 F.2d 578, 580 (7th Cir. 1982) (observing that, in a valid collection action, “forbid[ding] the sending of notice altogether” would be an abuse of discretion). But as a general rule, the two-step process, culminating in a decertification motion on or after the close of relevant discovery, has the advantage of ensuring early notice of plausible collective actions, then eliminating those whose promise is not borne out by the record.

We turn next to the meaning of the statutory term “similarly situated.” As the question is one of statutory construction, we proceed de novo. In re Mitchell, 977 F.2d 1318, 1320 (9th Cir. 1992).

There is no established definition of the FLSA’s “similarly situated” requirement, nor is there an established test for enforcing it. See Thiessen, 267 F.3d at 1102. This absence of authority is surprising, as being “similarly situated” is the key condition for proceeding in a collective, and thus the issue on which a grant or denial of decertification generally depends. Nonetheless, broadly speaking, two approaches to the “similarly situated” requirement have emerged. See Mooney, 54 F.3d at 1214.

We turn to the standard the district court should apply in evaluating a post-discovery motion for decertification. Determining the proper legal standard is a question of law,

21 We do not intend to preclude the district courts from employing, if they wish, a version of the ad hoc test modified so as to account for the flaws we have identified. Nor do we intend to preclude the district courts from employing any other, differently titled or structured test that otherwise gives full effect to our understanding of section 216(b).

We also note, without expressing an opinion as to the merits of such an approach, that the Tenth Circuit recently approved a district court’s use, in the collective action context, of an analogy to the defunct procedure for “spurious” class actions. In re Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc., No. 17-1028, 2017 WL 4054144, at *2 (10th Cir. Mar. 27, 2017) (unpublished). Spurious class actions, which were available under the pre-1966 version of Rule 23, allowed plaintiffs to litigate en masse if they asserted a “several” right, shared a “common question of law or fact affecting the several rights,” and sought “common relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(3) (1965). Such class actions were “spurious” in the sense that, unlike true class actions, but similar to collective actions, they required each plaintiff to join the litigation individually. See Kinney Shoe, 564 F.2d at 862. so we proceed de novo. United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1261–62 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc).

Because preliminary certification is not challenged in this case, we address only the standard the district court should apply to post-discovery decertification. We conclude that, in a case such as this one, in which decertification overlaps with the merits of the underlying FLSA claims, the summary judgment standard is the appropriate one.

Decertification, in the sense the term is typically used, comes after relevant discovery is complete, and in that respect resembles a motion for summary judgment. See Mickles, 887 F.3d at 1276; Anderson, 488 F.3d at 953; Thiessen, 267 F.3d at 1102–03. “At this point, the district court has a much thicker record than it had at the notice [i.e., preliminary certification] stage,” so, as with a post-discovery dispositive motion, “the plaintiff bears a heavier burden.” Morgan, 551 F.3d at 1261. The circuit courts have generally not described that burden in any detail, emphasizing only that decertification is “more demanding” than preliminary certification, Mickles, 887 F.3d at 1277, “more closely examine[d],” White, 699 F.3d at 877, and subject to a “stricter standard,” Thiessen, 267 F.3d at 1103. However, the district courts have gradually tended to coalesce around a standard they refer to as “substantial evidence.” 22

22 This approach is widely used within this circuit. See, e.g., Sargent, 171 F. Supp. 3d at 1079; Stiller, 298 F.R.D. at 631; Beauperthuy, 772 F. Supp. 2d at 1118; Reed, 266 F.R.D. at 449; Smith v. Micron Elecs., Inc., No. CV-01-244-SBLW, 2005 WL 5336571, at *2 (D. Idaho Feb. 4, 2005). And it is widely used elsewhere. See, e.g., Blair v. TransAm Trucking, Inc., 309 F. Supp. 3d 977, 1001 (D. Kan. 2018); White v. 14051 Manchester Inc., 301 F.R.D. 368, 374 (E.D. Mo. 2014) (quoting Martin v. Citizens Fin. Grp., Inc., No. CIV.A. 10-260, 2013 WL

The “substantial evidence” standard is not well-explained, nor are the reasons for its adoption. However, given the parallels between post-discovery decertification and partial summary judgment on the question of entitlement to the collective action mechanism, the standard has a certain logic. As it normally manifests itself in district court, substantial evidence is the standard for denying judgment as a matter of law during or after trial. See Wallace v. City of San Diego, 479 F.3d 616, 624 (9th Cir. 2007). “Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as reasonable minds might accept as adequate to support a conclusion even if it is possible to draw two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence.” Reese v. County of Sacramento, 888 F.3d 1030, 1047 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Landes Const. Co. v. Royal Bank of Canada, 833 F.2d 1365, 1371 (9th Cir. 1987)). The standard is therefore a mid- or post-trial analogue to the test applied at summary judgment, which asks, pretrial, whether sufficient evidence exists to preclude a judgment as a matter of law because, viewing the competent evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, the trier of fact could properly find for the nonmoving party. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250 (1986); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986).

The Third Circuit, uniquely, has identified a different standard for evaluating decertification motions. In Zavala v. Wal Mart Stores Inc., 691 F.3d 527 (3d Cir. 2012), the Third Circuit concluded that a preponderance-of-the-evidence

1234081, at *3 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 27, 2013)); Creely v. HCR ManorCare, Inc., 920 F. Supp. 2d 846, 857 (N.D. Ohio 2013); Frye v. Baptist Mem’l Hosp., No. CIV. 07-2708, 2010 WL 3862591, at *2 (W.D. Tenn. Sept. 27, 2010), aff’d, 495 F. App’x 669 (6th Cir. 2012); Brooks v. BellSouth Telecomms., Inc., 164 F.R.D. 561, 566 (N.D. Ala. 1995), aff’d, 114 F.3d 1202 (11th Cir. 1997).

standard, the default standard in civil actions, should apply. Id. at 537. However, at least as applied to the present context, where the decertification question and the merits overlap, Zavala is unpersuasive. A preponderance of the evidence is, as Zavala noted, the default standard in a civil case. Herman & MacLean v. Huddleston, 459 U.S. 375, 387 (1983). But more precisely, it is the default civil standard for the plaintiffs’ “ultimate burden of proof.” Costa v. Desert Palace, Inc., 299 F.3d 838, 857 (9th Cir. 2002), aff’d, 539 U.S. 90 (2003); see Huddleston, 459 U.S. at 387. It does not follow that pretrial motions need be evaluated under a preponderance-of-the-evidence standard. Plaintiffs satisfy their “burden” at the pleading stage with allegations that “plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679. They satisfy their “burden” at summary judgment with evidence creating a genuine dispute of material fact, see Nissan Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Fritz Cos., Inc., 210 F.3d 1099, 1102 (9th Cir. 2000), such that a trier of fact could properly find for the nonmoving party once the preponderance-of-the-evidence standard is applied at trial. Accordingly, to the extent decertification and summary judgment on the merits present the same question, it should be the ordinary summary judgment standard, rather than a preponderance-of-the-evidence standard, that applies.

Here, for instance, the Officers’ allegations of an unwritten, Department-wide policy discouraging the reporting of overtime do double duty. They provide a basis for collective treatment, as they raise a similarity of fact or law whose disposition would advance the litigation of the Officers’ FLSA claims. And, relatedly, they go directly to the merits of the individual Officers’ claims, as proving the policy at trial is essential to the Officers’ FLSA theory, including their satisfaction of the FLSA’s knowledge requirement. See 29 C.F.R. § 785.11. It follows that, in this case, a post-discovery decertification motion does double duty as well. It is, in effect, indistinguishable from a motion for partial summary judgment limited to the question of whether an unwritten, Department-wide policy existed. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).

Put differently, to the extent overlap exists between the availability of the collective action mechanism and the merits of the underlying claim, challenges to the former are no different from challenges to the latter, and so should be analyzed under the same standard. In the present posture of this case — a post-discovery decertification motion — that standard is summary judgment. If it were otherwise, a decertification motion could become an end run around the submission of factual disputes to the trier of fact.

It follows that, to the extent decertification overlaps with the merits, a district court cannot weigh the evidence, as ordinary summary judgment practice precludes doing so. The collective mechanism is meant to ensure that party plaintiffs have the option of benefitting from the efficiencies of collective litigation — including, in cases presenting genuine disputes of material fact, collective access to trial. That principle is not consistent with allowing district courts to break apart the collective based on their own resolution of merits questions otherwise reserved to the trier of fact. If there is a merits dispute that would survive summary judgment on which the disposition of decertification also depends, the merits dispute should be tried. Whether the question will be answered favorably or unfavorably is for the trier of fact. See, e.g., Johnson v. Big Lots Stores, Inc., 561 F. Supp. 2d 567, 567, 579–80 (E.D. La. 2008) (decertifying a collective action premised on a “uniform policy or practice” after a trial on that and other questions).

In sum, to the extent the decertification issues overlap with the merits, we agree with the district courts’ widely held view that the standard on a post-discovery decertification motion is effectively the summary judgment standard. See supra note 22. We emphasize, however, that as with a motion formally styled as summary judgment, the district court may not, on a merits-dependent decertification motion, weigh evidence going to the merits. If collective treatment is premised on a genuine dispute of material fact as to the merits of the party plaintiffs’ FLSA claims, the collective action cannot be decertified unless the factual dispute is resolved against the plaintiffs’ assertions by the appropriate factfinder.

B

We turn now to the substance of the district court’s decertification order.

As an initial matter, the district court’s approach to decertification was legally incorrect in two respects. First, as already discussed, the district court applied an overly demanding test of the FLSA’s “similarly situated” requirement. See supra Part IV.A.2.c. Second, although the district court recited the substantial-evidence standard, which is an adequate statement of the summary judgment analysis, it weighed evidence regarding the existence of a Department-wide policy. 23

As with a motion styled summary judgment, however, we need not remand for reconsideration when the district

23 The district found, for example, that the largely “boilerplate” nature of the Officers’ declarations “call[ed] into question the declarations’ credibility.”

court applies an improper standard, as our review is de novo. United States v. City of Tacoma, 332 F.3d 574, 578 (9th Cir. 2003). Under de novo review, we may affirm if we conclude, as a matter of law, that the record does not reveal a genuine dispute of material fact as to the existence of a Department-wide policy discouraging the reporting of overtime. We do so conclude.

The key problem for the Officers in providing evidence of the Department-wide policy they allege is one of scale. That the policy is Department-wide is essential to the viability of the collective action, as it is the sole justification advanced for a Department-wide collective. Yet the evidence in the record is simply not probative of an unwritten overtime policy of that breadth.

The Officers’ primary contention appears to be that there exists a kind of tacit policy that operates top-down, such that an inference may be drawn that the policy applies Department-wide. As the district court noted, however, the evidence the Officers have produced — a mass of individual declarations, mostly containing rote recitations of hours worked and bare assertions of a certain Department “culture” — has a fundamentally different focus. The Officers’ declarations speak of immediate supervisors at discrete worksites. And even then the evidence is not of a uniform practice from which one might infer direction from a higher level, but of variable practices variably applied. Critically, there is no evidence of any directives, incentives, conversations, emails, or actions (such as denials of promotions) by Department leadership that could have communicated to local supervisors, implicitly or otherwise, a uniform policy against reporting small amounts of overtime.

Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that the declarants’ vaguely reported experiences are in fact representative of the experiences of the party plaintiffs Department-wide; the only evidence in the record is that they are not.

First, the Officers offer no sampling or expert statistical evidence tying the declarants’ statements to the experiences of the party plaintiffs or of the workforce generally. The declarations are too limited in individual detail to support an inference that failure to report specific instances of overtime was tied to a policy from above. Nor have the Officers presented evidence — lay or expert, anecdotal or statistical — that the City’s overtime claims process, or the enforcement of it, was somehow structurally inadequate, or implemented Department-wide in a way that inhibited the accurate reporting of overtime. Furthermore, as the district court noted, many of the declarants who claim they were first taught not to report overtime during their training at the Police Academy “were members of Academy classes that substantially pre-date[] the [D]epartment’s promulgation of the current [written] overtime policy.”

Second, although the Officers’ declarations are creditable evidence of instances of unpaid overtime, when it comes to the issue of a Department-wide policy, they run up against the City’s overwhelming evidence of widespread FLSA compliance. It is undisputed that 330,000 overtime claims in amounts of less than one hour were filed during the relevant period, including 64,000 by the party plaintiffs themselves. Confronted with that contradiction, lacking affirmative evidence of a structural problem, and in light of the Department’s widely disseminated written policy requiring that overtime claims be filed, no reasonable trier of fact could conclude that the City fostered or tolerated a tacit policy of noncompliance.

V

Absent substantial evidence that the City fostered or tolerated a tacit, systemic policy against the reporting of overtime, there is no genuine dispute of fact as to the only allegation the party plaintiffs have cited as a basis for proceeding in a Department-wide collective. The collective action was therefore correctly decertified and the opt-in plaintiffs correctly dismissed.

AFFIRMED.

APPENDIX

Campbell v. City of Los Angeles, No. 15-56990

Plaintiffs-Appellants: Daniel Campbell; Michael Fox; Ruzanna Luledzhyan; Humberto Jaime; Jerritt Severns; Joanna Linfield; Donald Linfield; David J. Tavizon; Christopher J. Luma; Marco A. Rodriguez; Russell Kilby; Christopher J. Kunz; Terry Johns; Michael P. Flynn; Randall Allen Garrett; Kenneth M. Montague; Kit Anthony Stajcar; Timothy E. Kohl; John C. Flores; Richard Gabaldon; Joseph M. Payton; Robin R. Brown; Billy Joe; Stacey Seymkowiak; Inge Yolanda Bowman; Manning; Velasco; Heather A. Gageby; Gerardo J. Davila; Adrian E. Koval; Agnos Amarantos; Jeffrey Stewart; Lopez; Mitchell G. Lambdin; Eric Hernandez; Michael Moriah Knoke; Manuel Madren; Megan D. Glaister; James H. Williams; Brett M. Clark; Roger Fontes; Ouahdi Monlacktena; Jude Washington; John Banelos; Ramon Martinez; Oscar Gamino; Mell Hogg; Richard J. Lopez; Jaime Zarate; George Chavez; Andrew Moody; Michael O’Connor; Eric Holguin; Jeremy Allen Escamilla; Cedric Washington; Asatur Mkrtchyan; Jason M. Burcham; John Shin; Peter Bueno; Anthony Ortiz; Christian Rueda; Philip Thompson; Richard Suvlate; Warren Pulley; James Quinones; Minh Nguyen; Joseph Yamzon; Theodore P. Maillett; Shawn Massey; Peter Lee; Fred C. Starkey, Jr.; Jude T. Washington; Steven Marin; Yvette Perez; Letricia Lopez; Leanna Rosenkild; Patricia Batts; Angelo Stewart; Jesus Bazan; Todd Behrens; Sonny Garcia; Solve Loken; Juan Gonzalez; Angela R. McGee; Michael Williams; Rick M. Roy; Michael A. Pytel; Andre Wright; A. Wright; Tanya Eppenger-Campbell; Morris Batts; Charles Tizano; Albert C. Mora; Charles A. Howard; Stephanie Tuller; Manuel Segura; Darryl Bernard McGreggor; Tarriel Hopper; Phillip R. Watson; Renee A. Minnick; Francine Spada; Erin Gabaldon; Carlos R. Ortega; Ramiro Cabrera; James A. McSorley; Alberto Del Valle; Elizabeth Boccanfuso; Giovanni Boccanfuso; Efren J. Corrac; Yasir Gillani; Joseph Pudelwitts; Jane Elizabeth Russom; Robert Casimiro; Angie Whetstone; Mike D. Nelson; Heather McLean; Nina Brown; Nelson D. Scroggins; Benedict J. Fernandes; Christopher Formby; David Jamieson; Ken Cabrera; Charles Garcia; Rogelio Ramirez; Catarino Perez; Rudy Chavez; Mario Gamez; Ackley Kane Mayer-Tucker; James D. Crawford; M. Rene Chavez; Issac Lowe; Carlos E. Ayala; Lisa Moore- Crawford; Edward P. Castro; David Manriquez; Philip Alaniz, Jr.; Aaron Skiver; Michael Yoro; Alonso Ramirez; Lisa Ruegg; Russell Long; Angel Salvador Bonilla; Alexander R. Alvarez; Karla Barraza; Vincent J. Correa; Donna J. Watkins; Richard Melendez; Darryl Brown; Charles Wunder; Luis Alvarado; Joseph Ciancanelli; Christopher Blankenship; Alejandro Arredondo; William M. Young; David Redd; Antonino Giambruno; Andres Cruz; Rene Zavala; Matthew Saenz; Adrian Chin; Marlon Fields; Henry Colebrooke; Ritchie Tijerina; Marco Vargas; Sonia Rimkunas; John Lawrence; Gary Eagleson; Dennis Lada; Anthony Aceves; Terry Keefer; Angel Cervantes; Douglas Workman; Anthony Perez; Michael Williamson; Gina Chovan; David Abdalian; Diosdado Coronel; Robert Andreno; Robert Williamson; Jorge Cruz; Victor Suapaia; Sean Meade; Brian Malneritch; Gregory Fuqua; Gerardo Vazquez; Victor Alvarez; Jaime Roussett; Carlos Mercado; Patrick Marmolejo; Ryan Whiteman; Richard Romney; Scott Koegel; Yvonne Whiteman; Wallace Wall; Pavel Gomez; Dave McDowell; Lisa Gallegos; Jesse James; Shon Wells; Vincent Stroway; Michael Pauley; Roberto San Roman; Steve Griffith; Timothy T. Rolsen; Peter Vasquez; Alan Aldegarie; Ralph Camarillo; Ray Denton; Neal Peterson; Robert Gonzalez; Jeremy Duncan; Ray Hallenbeck; Robert Cosner; Peter Sanchez; Will Munoz; Efren Acosta; Alan Little; Jesse Sanchez; Rigo Bonilla; Marvin Brent; Lori Sanchez; Sunti Singhanate; Pedro Cordero; Abe Rangel; Mark Dimitt; Robert Aguilar; Patricia Smith; Alejandro Izquierdo; Bryce Verna; Joanne Needham; Catherine Massey; Frank Bancalari; Julio Umana; Patrick O’Dea; Ray Jeter; Jaime McBride; Miguel Barajas; John Bigrigg; Gina Meza; Maggie Sherman; Mario Ontiveros; Jeffrey Leu; Patricia Guessferd; Fernando Ochoa; Javier Sanchez; Leonard Johnson; Willian Proctor; Lamont Jerrett; Jacob Snow; Douglas Panameno; Steve Zavala; James Vena; Robert Deamer; Phillip Carr; Darell Matthews; Oscar Prado; Daniel Odoh; Robian Tango; Anthony Perez; Don Montelibano; Demetrio Mendoza; Regina Nares; William Gutierrez; Gary Nanson; Peter Laundelius; Barry Bottai; Randal Bowman; Raffi Khandikian; Benjamin Zuckerman; Hilton Henry; Rudy Gonzales; Richard Oke; Kelly Edwards; David Ham; Lane Bragg; Angelo Castro; Dan McCoole; Justin Mudgett; Paul Menchaca; John Chilstrom; Jimmy Martinez; Richard Krynsky; Cameron Carrillo; Edward Rocha; Michael Belmonte; Carolyn Coward; Timothy Wunderlich; Jason Armendariz; Claudia Gray; Emerson Holder; Mark Pompano; Paul Floge; Anthony Ramos; Cynthia Gomez; Osacar Villarreal; Robert Takanashi; Mark Ramirez; Michael Shea; Shawn Stevens; David Rosenthal; Matt Jacobik; Stephanie Southerland; John Key; Eloy Ochoa; Dennis Nelson; Oscar Lopez; Robert Knight; Ernie Schoop; Rolf Knuth; John Kim; Robert Gallegos; John Gomperz; Rodolfo Lemos; Scott Blackman; Issac Lowe; David Cueto; Adrian Ferns; David Tello; Chad Costello; Thomas Bergren; Patrick Beighley; Jennie Wong; Kyle Lee; Kris Davis; Daniel Gregg; Albert Gonzalez; Gonzalez; Barry Brooks; Steven Cohen; Greg Andrachick; Joseph Satow; Linda Thompson; Jonathan Goode; Peter Hopkins; Michael Rex; Bradley Schumacher; Paul Clements; Robert Yanez; Rene Acosta; William Heider; Martin Martinez; Juan Zarate; Jose Ortega; Frank Montelongo; Antonio De La Torre; Jackie Fort; Jose Diaz-Ibarra; David Armas; Anthony Smith; Todd Carpenter; Robert Ruiz; Paul Waymire; Andrew Chase; Sandra Magdaleno; James Sterling; Jose Mireles; Mary Culpepper; Juan Cruz; Oscar Cansino; Dennis Clifford; Maryann Bunag; Michael Rippe; Michael Rubin; George Bashai; Matthew Bakotich; David Benioff; Ronald McNally; Jeffri Norat; Jose Verdin; Yvette Perrodin; Mike Gilbert; Emery Newsom; Holland Holland; Alexander Kordis; Jerry Lucio; James Mark Arenas; Todd Bridges; Ruben Gutierrez; Leonard Garza; Andre Dixon; Richard Compton; Greg Bruce; Anthony Cole; Darryl Danaher; Osmund Bouligny; Ron Lagrassa; Ruzanna Luledzyan; Terry Saleono; Victor Mencias; Michael Knoke; Guadalupe Alaniz; Kenneth Buscarino; Canales Canales; Kevin Cotter; Cominic Counts; Guy Faltinowski; Carlos Lozano; Ramon Mejia; Valentine Reyes; David Salcedo; Anthony Tejada; Thomas Wicks; Clarence Williams; Stephen Winter; Theodore Williams; Frank C. Montelongo; Christopher Clark; Bruce Murdoch; Song Suh; Paul Avila; Randy Peterson; Gregory Probst; Christine Wycoff; Len Lai; Travonne Dixon; Kristan Zalokar; Arnold Porter; Cathy Luke; Pedro Benavides; Stacy Pierce-Rogers; Chiquita Brown; John Porras; Tom Gracey; Alan Bone; Stephen Gordon; Edmond Yagubyan; Money Scott; Steve Vera; Anthony Magaleno; Robert Martinez; Robert Vasquez; Chris Chavez; Antonio Rodriguez; Edward Silva; Carlos Quintero; Michelle Thomas; Nicholas Sysak; Cynthia Barlow; Henry Mendoza; Merita Woodle; Joseph Terena; Brian Koren; Richard Roberts; Ivan Vintimilla; Gary Verge; Dean Monteleone; Traci Grundland; Douglas Kirkland; Scott Teubert; Debbie Luker; Murrell Pettway; John Pasquariello; Tim Olsen; Rossum; Lupe Palomares; Jerry Kowalsky; James Chong; Javier Vargas; Andres Gallagher; Andrew Gallagher; Arthur Grein; Jason Zapatka; Robert Lewis; Julie Browne; Derek Sledge; Jose Salcedo; Michael Saghera; Ramiro Ruezga; Gil Padilla; Tony Fitzsimmons; David Carbajal; Suzan Nelson; Jeff Nelson; Tim Galli; Rodrigo Rodriguez; Stanley Schott; Dale Ziesmer; Ronald De Wyke; Kenneth Richard Vanhooser II; Virgil Casstor; Kenneth Hurley; Mayda Espinoza; David Kong; Bobbie Covington; Ronald Wyke; Maria Morrison; Becky Strong; Jennifer Vass; Neil Wank; Melvin Durant; Catherine Durant; Larry Covington; Javier Borrego; Lonnie Benson; Frank Amador, Jr.; Joseph Morrison; Arturo Yanez; Christopher Campagna; Gilbert Murillo; Fred De La Cerda; Karena Rowan; Vickie Nguyen; Edward Yoon; Gregory White; Adam Hollands; Sal Ogaz; Robert Quezada; Marston Taylor; Robert Golden; Robert Murray; Susan Willis; Salvador Jaramillo; Woon Chong; Lisa Gropp; Mauricio Vargas; Martha Jaime; William Driver; Omar Cedre; Laura Curtin; Young Honor; Robin Jones; Roberto R. Lopez; David Love; Richard Mossler; Tim O’Gorman; Michael Stalnecker; William Snowden; Alex Tellez; Paul Von Lutzow; Pedro Machuca; Owen Mills; Don Sasaki; Marc Tessier; Alfonso Villaneda; Gary Weller; David Stirling; Jeff Merlo; George Mejia; Elliott King; Frank Garcia; Raphael Ferrer; James Eldridge; John Downey; Gerardo Davila; Raquel Cruz; Mike Cassetta; Fred Brignoni; Paul Bowser; Andre Baydaline; Ralph Barone; Raymond Ygual; Doug Gallaher; Timothy Dacus; Gerardo Madera; Manuel Sierra; Frank Lopez II; Terence Klafke; Benjamin Hetzler; Vincent Deglinnocenti; John Cordova; Martin Franco; Gary Bean; Brandon Mamrot; Jeffrey Tint; Charles Hawley; Danny Roman; Francisco Gonzalez; Daniel Robinson; Jamie Smerdel; Alan Thatcher; Reggie Dickerson; Dana Grant; Nicholas Milazzo; James Poon; Belinda Robinson; Ignacio Mijares; Liavaa Moevao; Juan C. Campos; Donald Richards; Monica Quijano; Steven Muirhead; Jaime Anchondo; Tanza Smalls; Raymond Hernandez; Jay Mastick; Nelson Ramaya; Adam Altamirano; Paul Lawson; Scott Engedal; George Bowens, Jr.; Jesus Ravega; Tina Glenn; Steven Stear; Scott Murachver; Javier Montenegro; Peggy Moseley; Juli Dawn Munson; Tracie L. Noggle; James Noss; Christopher O’Donnell; Christy Donorovich- O’Donnell; Ralph Brown; Stephen Bucher; Kimberly Cisco; Arno Clair; Kelly Clark; Richard Davis; Leonard Drayton; Arthur Duran; Paul Espinoza; Arldwin Flores; Hugh O’Gara; Elipido Orozco; Maria Orta; Timothy Gallick; Brian Gan; Michael Goldstein; James Goodwin; Robert Guevara, Esquire, Attorney; Oscar Gutierrez; Nicholas Hartman; Ryan Hicks; Kevin Holland; George Hoopes; Leonel Borja; Lee Jensen; Christopher Jordan; Charles Joseph; Ho Kim; Denny Leopoldo; Ernest London; Robert Lopez; Robert Luna; Richard Luskleet; Raymond Madrid; Saul Carrillo; Kelly Chrisman; Joseph Dominguez; Yolanda Echols; Robert Felix; Robert Fernandez; Edgar Magat; James Mankey; William Marbley; Chris Marshall; Gabriel Martinez; David Mascarenas; Matthew Meneses; Pablo Monterrosa; Stacey Morris; Edward McGowan, Jr.; Paul McKechnie; James Onthank, Jr.; William Orndorff II; Isaias Ornelas; Adam O’Neill; Robert Paterson; Scarlett Paterson; Joseph Pelayo; Floro Pinzon; Jary Quinones; Luis Robles; Guadalupe Ruiz; Terry Mattox Ruppel; Richard J. Russell; Kristine Salazar; Dean Schram; Robert Snedden; S. Owens; Jeffrey Pelczar; David Podesta; Annette Potts; James H. Quinlan; Bobby Ramero; Steven Rausch; Frank Schweitzer; Jeffrey Stapleton; Jeffrey X. Vach; Paul Valencia; Abraham Vidriezca; Matthew Vocke; Terrell West; Gregory Owens; James Rahm; Osbaldo Ramos; Stephen Redd; Anthony Reitz; John Rice; Michael Rimkunas; Johnny Sanchez; Erik Schick; Jerry Siel; John Smith; Michael Smith; Steven Smith; Terry Shelley; Gloria Snipes; Ronald Stamps; Kelly Sullivan; Peter Waack; Richard Wall; David Wren; Maria Yamamoto; Fred Yamamoto; William Young; William F. Justice; Trevor Jackson; Margaret Henry; Crystal Hayes; Richard J. Garibay; Mauricio Garcia; Lisa Garcia; Gilbert Garcia; Ernest Eskridge; Angel Domenech; Marlo V. Cross; Robert F. Chavira; Felicia Ann Bailey; Roger G. Archambault; Fernando Alvarez; Julio Benavides; Jennifer Lee Hammer; Richard Gurrola II; Stephen Glick; Robert Jon Duke; Daniel Chilson; Kenneth Richard Lewis; Michael J. Lorenz; Justin Malcuit; Robert Martin; Gorgonio Medina; Juvey Mejia; David Harris; Mark Henry Hernandez; Raymond M. Hernandez; Michael W Hill; Enrico P. Hizon; Woravoth Iddhibhakdibongse; Michael Jolicoeur; Yolanda Caterino-Clair; Anderson Boyce; Carl Barnhart; Joyce M. Banuelos; Sandra Valle; Joseph Taylor; Eddie N. Solomon; Carlos Savedra; Brian Reynolds; Daniel Putnam; Joseph O’Donnell; James Swift III; Victor Nunez; Season Nunez; Emigdio Neri; Tyrone Moore; Christopher Martinez; Joseph Linares; Gregg Webber; Michael Seguin; Fredger A. Alexander; Mark Aragon; Marlene Arguello; Ralph Arzate; Rudolph Baca; Keith Washington; Steven Bishop; Eric Bixler; Edward Viadaillet; Gerardo Vejar; Michael Tomelloso; Clarence Speer; Mage Gene Simerskey; Amy Wong; Douglas Roller; Mario Ramirez, Jr.; Perry Moore; Brent McGuyre; James C. Marshall; Corinne L. Malinka; James MacDonald; Joan Leuck; Antonio Lacunza; Rayney L. Arnold; Juan C. Amancio; Iris Santin; James Redman; Kulin Patel; Ryan Nguyen; Kevin McNamee; Kevin Malm; Kenneth Kuntuzos; Robert White; Jeff Lutzow; John Richardson; Ernesto Munoz; Ramon Muniz; Francisco H. Hurtado; Michael Huff; Teresa Hernandez; Jose Contreras; Osvaldo J. Castillo; John Bart Juarez; Charles Hicks; Cheryl Gonzalez; Ricardo Feria; Mario Cruz; Michael Amado; Jason Abner; Dale Lopez; Danny Jiminez; Irsie Lee Henry; Shawn Havican; Nathaniel Hampton; Victor Gutierrez; Joe Galindo; Dimitrius Connor; Michael Arteaga; Juan R. Arenas; Bill J. Wilson; Anthony Vilardo; Michael Valencia; Lon Truong; Alan Sorkness; Rick Rodgers; Engelbert Quechenberger; Cesar Leal; Sharon J. Kroger; Michael Karatsonyi; Roscoe Jolla; Rudy De La Fuente; Victor Corral; Laura Cook; Jose Carias; Mitchel S. Windsor; Dale Washburn; Warren Tojong; Jeffrey Tiffin; Kandis Schmidt; Raymond L. Rangel; Lisa Phillips; Christopher Paterson; Steven Moody; Jose Maldonado; Mark Campell; Donna Wheeler; Vincent Vicari; Matthew L. Vannatter; Michael Valdes; Stephen Underwood; Michael Samuel Tirella; Rosibel Smith; Henry Servin; Julie Rodriguez; Tanya Rodda; Raul Porras; Richard L. Platzer; Michael E. Oppelt; Hector Olivera; Joseph Napolitano; Angelean Montero; Lawrence Martinez; James K. Lenoue; Ronald Von Gober; Paul Glascow; Deborah Fetters; David Dimeglio; Napoleon Curry; John Cook; Thomas E. Cleary; Todd Burns; Timothy Branley; Miguel Aguayo; Thomas E. Kirk; Jorge A. Gutierrez; Enrique R. Gutierrez; Jack A. Giroud; John D. Gardner; Lisette Garcia; Ken Furuta; Peter Durham; Jason Duplantis; Oscar Duenas; Cynthia J. Dragun; Carlton M. Brown; Lisa Wernli; Karen J. Smith; Howard Silverstein; Michael R. Pelletier; James J. Panek; Michael K. Ozaki; Scott Ogata; Ray Moreno; Roderick Miller; Connor Mac Ivor; Joshua Lukaszwski; Alfonso Alfaro; Miguel Arambula; Martin Barocio; Francis J. Bolan; James R. Browning; George Bush II; Wallace Carr; Jin Cho; Elva Coats; Robert W. Coats; Vic Corella; Rickey Crowder, Jr.; Ricky Davis; Robin L. Downey; David Herskowitz; Gary Holbrook; Eric O. Jones; Kenneth V. Koch; Lauro R. Larrinua; Hipolita Lizarraga; Manuel Alvarez; Maribel Arambula; Richard Aston; John J. Avalos; Ruben Banuelos; Alexander Bautista; Christopher Borunda; Paul Choung; John Coffey; David Corbet; Thomas Davoren; Tracye Fields; Michael Friesenhahn; Randolph D. Fukui; Sean Gonzalez; Jennifer A. Grasso; Joseph G. Graves III; Manuel Antonio Ibarra; Eric M. Johnson; Andrew J. Lassak; Daniel Lee; Thomas F. Lee; Don Magers; Alma Mark; Claire Smith; Jonathan E. Smith; Gregory R. Staats; Joseph Marx; Raymond W. Mauss; Kenneth K. Moore; Daryl Ordone; John Padilla; Steven Stranak; Michael Switzer; Cinthia Tapia; Tony Trusk; Ryan Verna; Laura Windsor; Larry Wright; Robert Yanez; Del Bourgeois; Gregory Hancock; Cecilia Cleveland; Kurt Miles; Jeff Mares; Jerry Liggett; Rocael Rodriguez; Jose J. Perez; Carias Warner; Shawtrice Watkins; Reynaldo Perez, Jr.; Richard Plows; Terry L. Pratt; Richard M. Prindle; Sallyann S. Procaccini; Kenneth Quigley; Tyrhone Ragland; Mark W. Reed; Robert Rivera; Alex Gabriel Rodriguez; John D. Rodriguez; Sergio Ruedas; Timothy Ruiz; Timothy S. Schey; Daniel A. Schmidt; Ramon Argulles; Debra Winter; Manuel Vides; George Torres; Kelvin Scott; Andrea Sanfillippo; Alfredo Rodriguez; Thomas Malloy; Edward Maciel, Jr.; Marlon Prodigalidad; Brenda Morales; Sandra Lopez; John Knighton; Mark Griego; Richard Gordon; Jeanette Flores; Phillip Tate; Danny Jones; Jaroen Hitanukulkit; James R. Hays, Jr.; Gabriel Ferreras; Michael Briano; Steven M. Takeshita; Jose Santiago; Manuel R. Ramirez; Alfred Pasos; Blanca Pasos; Robert Longdon; Keith A. Green; Michael Joseph Diaz; Theresa Coyle; Andre Abrams; Andres Cardenas; Terry Barclay; Meghan Aguilar; Mario Aguilar; Dean Watts; Daniel Vasquez; Dionne Watts; Kimberly Snyder; Orlando Smith; James Muniz; Maria Montoya; Paul Miller; Leonardo McKenzie; Chun Yim; William Yarbrough; Eduardo B. Trinidad; Anthony A. Razo; Samuel Williams, Jr.; Stanley Wiedenhaupt; Christopher Walter; Ramirez; Karen Owens; Ralph Mendoza; Gerald Mears; Marlon Marrache; Miguel Lopez; John Gidowski; Neal Fine; Rodolfo Ramirez; Robert Valencia; Gerardo Velasco; Derek Sykes; Thomas Small; Singh; John Richardson; Richard J. Ramirez, Jr.; Pierre Olega; Alejandro Nava; Nicholas Lee; Marcos Villanueva; James Hutchins; Robert Holcomb; Robert Hillard; Shelley Gallegos; Teresa Akune; Warner Carias; J. Padilla; Kenneth Nitschke; Jose A. Ferreira; Shawn Duke; Carlos Diaz; Duc Dao; Gary Cusick; Matthew Cundiff; James Clifford; Mark Cleary; Maurice Brunel; Raymond Broker; Edward Maciel; Joey Yanez; Edward E. Wheelis; Edison Z. Vistar; Hugo Valez; Julia Peat; Valentin Montesdeoca; Scott Moffitt; Adriana Bravo; Anthony Balderama; Sherwin Vigilant; Brandon Tuccillo; John L. Thomas; James Sands; Raul Rodriguez; Jason M. Pedro; Nicholas Noles; Daniel Mendoza; James Lopez; Keith Horeczko; Mustaffa Hassanzai; Joseph Gryder; Thomas Dawson; Jing Choa; Steven Beumer; Criselda Pedro; Marty Cotwright; Phillip J. Wright; Thomas W. Stone; Alex A. Pozo; Richard Mendoza; Rebecca Martinez; Hal Dexter Jones; Randy Hoffmaster; Jesus Hernandez- Soto; John J. Hatfield; Rebecca Martin; David Harrison; Matthew Fleming; Michael W Dunn; Howard Chan; Ernest Avila; Fred Tredy; Brent Josephson; Carlton Jeter; Jose D. Hurtado; Michael Hofmeyer; James Choi; David Sanchez- Soissons; John Licata, Jr.; David Lin; Josephine Mapson; Salvador Martinez; John M. Ray; Brodie Seagrave; Stephen Showler; Gregory Elias Trejo; Todd Costello; Jose Delgado; Charles Dickinson; Alma Burke; Salvador Flores; Sean Hansen; George Leiva; Louie Lozano; Georgia Odom; Alan Parra; Daniel Putz; Jose Salazar; Catherine Rymzsa Leon; Darren Stauffer; Rosa A. Torres; Teddy Amstone; Carlos Barrios; Maria Muro; Josue Merida; Michael Woodings; Donovan Michael Lyons; Earl Williams; Charles Urso; Heidi Stoecklein; Maurice Stewart; Daryl Scoggins; Rodney Rodriguez; Kyle B. Remolino; Paul Mosley; Armando Monarrez; Samer Issa; Paul Hong; Raymond Galluccio; Juan Arroyo; Donald Estrada; Randall Cordobes; Ryan Bellows; John Ayala; Richard Acosta; Jason Wesley; Brent Johnson; Samnal Hong; Rosemelinda Gutierrez; Fidel Gonzalez; Randy Garcia; Joe Flores; Ferdinand Faustino, Jr.; Corinne Ernst; Manuel Delgado; Daniel Davis; John Caraveo; Michael Boylls; Doug McCombs; Antonio Martin; Ryan Marshall; Hector Lomelin; Victor Perez; Martin Perello; Michael Pavelka; Ricardo Oliva; Boris Oliva; Steve Nunez; Michael Morales; Bill Miller; Edward Tsai; Erik Sundstrom; Charles Strong; Charles Spicer III; Eric Spear; George Rock; David Solis; Gary Shanahan; Richard Sauer; Paul Sanfillipo; Teri Robinson; Miguel Gutierrez; Brian Zavala; John Zambri; Raymond Valois; Ray Robinson; Leon Ortega; Kimberly Mole; Sean Laule; Lashawna Pugh; Guy Juneau; Brian Joachimstaler; Damon Hogan; Michael Flynn; Alfredo Flores; Marie Farrell; David M. Escoto; John Chrispens; Leroy Block; Danny Shry; Kristopher Rollins; Alfonso Reyes; Robert Orlando; Steve Morris; Roger Morgan; Christopher Merrin; Craig Markel; Jeffrey Anderson; Ruben Martinez; Andre Louis; Jeanette Lawrence; Gonzala Lara; Michael Kozak; Lyle P Knight; Michael Hall; Jimmy Grayson; Alejandro Galvan; Hector Esparza; Joseph Dudas; Keith Davis; Jack Davenport, Jr.; Timothy Colomey; George M. Castro; Warner A. Castillo; William O. Batista; Michael K. Barz; Siamone Bangphraxay; Ruben Arellano; Michel A. Kozak; Alan Ramirez; Dwayne Wilson; Chris Scott; Luis Reyes; Juan Santos; Danny Odom; Stephen Merrin; Garry McQueen; Christopher McPheeters; Ben McPheeters; Kevin Lowe; William Larkin; Ricky Johnson; Richard Hoefel; Robert Harris; Gerardo Gutierrez; Jaime Gonzalez; Consuleo Gonzalez; Steve Garcia; Gary Ferrato; Ruben De La Torre; Ronald Cade; David Berumen, Jr.; Roy Ballesteros; Ashur Agena; Eri Poss; Marc Pooler; Carlos Velez; Michael Mitchell; Telly Epperson; Francisco Diaz, Sr.; Mario Arrizon; Christian Urbina; Richard Tamez; Richard Ramos; Randy Yoshioka; Carlos Sutton; Clancy Maihori; Amber McCallum; Gerald Legaspi; William Flannery; Jose De Leon; Lenning Davis III; Jose Covarrubias; Trevor Ziemba; Jason Witt; Constance White; Sonya Tiefenbacher; John Stieglitz; Eugene Smith; Gabe Rodriguez; Luis Rodarte; Patrick Rimkunas; Edgar Ramos; Roseanne Parino; Joseph Avila; George Selleh; Ignacio Maurillo; Maria C. Marquez; Robert Lona, Jr.; Hsin-Yi Lo; Yin Y. Leung; Charles J. Garcia; David M. Fatool; Nelson Enamorado; Jason Curtis; Henry Covarrubias; Eric Campos; Anthony Ares; Pamela Ventura; Suzanna Lowry; Chris Giargiari; Matthew McNulty; Esteban Olivares; David Morales; Pedro Llanes; Shondie Jackson; Ted Reyland; Steven Ralph; Enrique Chavez; Elvis Hernandez; Tarek Ismail; Marcela Garcia; Steven Angulo; Robert Vargas; Carla Taylor; Christopher Razo; Jonathan Tippet; James Hagerty; George Goodyear; Emily Delph; Timothy Crabtree; Andrew Buesa; Ricardo Verduzco; Sandra Zamora; Carl E. Taylor; Christina L. Reppucci; Jesus Garcia; Scott Fairchild; Ricky Brown; Johnny Garcia; Felipe Benavidez, Jr.; Eddie Badillo; Cheryl Amour; Jose Vazquez; Terence Turner; Maria Tippet; Arlene Padilla; Peter Verschueren; Ruben Quintanar; Johny Onyshko, Jr.; Peter Mah; Teresa Lincoln; Walter Hanna; James A. Erwin III; Jorge De Los Reyes; Gregorio R. De La Rosa; Miguel A. Contreras; Nestor D. Ayson; Lilia Velasco; Darren Scira; Paul R. Sciarrillo, Jr.; Joel J. Ruiz; Andrew Rowe; Robert Rodriguez; Ray L. Rodriguez; Eric Obrecht; Lizabett Mesa; Peter M. Lopez; Myra M. Kellum; Timothy H. Hope; Joel Hernandez; Orlando T. Green II; Michael Gannon; Celeste Dula; David H. Chung; Jorge A. Cervantes, Jr.; Robert A. Canizales; Daniel J. Calderon; Robert A. Brophy; Lonya C. Britton; Jorge L. Arellano; Ricardo Acosta; Benny Abucejo; Alfredo Delgado; William Kipp; Elbert W. Hughes, Jr.; John Hankins; Jeri De La Torre; Antonio De La Torre; John P. Castillo; Jesus Zaragoza- Nunez; Van Thompson; Susan R. Solley; Eric M. Reade; Bridget Pickett; Sean Patcheak; Eloy Navarro; Michelle Lopez; Debbie Lopez; Jean L. Jimenez; Todd Holmberg; Hugo Fanfassian; Lifernando Garcia; Chriatian J. Christensen; Dino Campodonico; James Agnole; Timothy B. Stack; Marsha Reyes; Robin Petillo; Richard Parks; Danh Ngo; Tina Matsushita; Marvin Sigfrido Mancia; Scarlett M. Nuno; Carlos Zaragoza; Fabio Taglieri; Thomas Ty Lo; Stephen Wilson; Robert E. Wade; Paul Rumer; Paul A. Ricchiazzi; Laura Preasmyer; Jeff S. Nolte; James Lumpkin; Ryuichi Ricky Ishitani; Victor E. Fain; Eddie Diaz; Mario Cubillos; Rosalyn E. Clark; Jefferey Booker; Michael Beloud; Thomas A. Willers; Raymond Terrones; Larry Oliande; Mark Maldonado; R. Maggie Luquin; Carlos Lozano; Tim M. Lai; Tai Kingi; David L. Hovey; Samuel Davis; Mark R. Cronin; Anthony Puchi; Michael Munjekovich; David A. Loera; Steven Lecours; Ronald G. Lopez; David R. Ortiz; Alex Delieuze; Diane Hawking; Patrick L. Murphy; Charles Surh; Ernest L. Sparkman; Donald Singer; Michael James Paris; Joseph Oseguera; Joseph Mueller; Mario Morales; Michael Miracle; William Joyce; Alicia Maria Hollenback; Thomas A. Burris; Robert Bermudez; Cynthia Bello; Rudy Avelar; Esther B. Vasquez; Kevin E. Love; Craig Allen; Erick Yepes; James Wallace; Gene Sur; William Romanelli; Randy Rico; Huy Quach; Brian L. Preston; Andrew A. Paredes; Kent Lau; Christopher Ralph Landry; Joe Kim; James Alan Harper; Angel Miguel Guerra; Rebecca Levy Gallegos; Jorge De Jesus III; Jeffrey D. Collado; Camille R. Armstead; Marcello Sabbatella; Leroi O’Brien; Gerardo Morales; Leonard Miller; Timothy C. Ledingham; Frank Dominguez III; Troy S. Abordo; Hector Aceves; Julio Alfonso; Arnel Asuncion; Andre Wright; William Arthur Segee; Jeffrrey B Pailet; Roger Michel; Richard R. Larson III; Paul Hendry; Carmen M. Gutierrez; Steven Grimmer; Efrain Contreras; Peter M. Cabral; Kristen Yeager; Raul Ramos; David Nunez; Philip Steven Clarke; Karolin Clarke; Adrian Gonzales; Mark Anthony Preciado; Byron Anthony Barnes; Michael Estrada; Cezar Orozco; David James Hance; Federico Celis; Ramon Hernandez; Vaotupua Sefo Feula; Gerry R. Chamberlain; Matthew Lee Stuart; Philip James Ruiz; Juan Paz; Chatherine M. Sobieski; Paul Richard Bernd; Nicholas A. Titirigg; Richard McCauley; Walter A. Leiva; Craig Kojima; Eric Fukute; Gilbert Escontrias; Carlos Escobar; Clint S. Dona; Eric T. Briggs; Casey W. Cox; Anthony Gonzalez; Omar Veloz; Darius Lee; Edward J. Kim; Alicia Cordona Gilmer; Alan W. Gilmer; Blaca E. Desormaux; Nadya P. Bennyworth; Ronald E. Weaver; Jonathan Daniel Roman; Mark Miraglia; Milan A. Ayers; Steve W. Griffin; Martha Plata; Delaney Jones; Michael Apodaca; George Thomas Wilson, Jr.; William B. Limtiaco; Kevin Dunigan; Rex S. Wells; Deen Alcaraz; Lawrence Harold Mullaly; Richard M. Wells; Peter Paul Acosta; Merri Dallas; Mitchell Dan Lowlen; John F. Martinez; Anthony W. T. Kong; Carlos Alberto Ocegueda; Ramon Martinez; Joshua Nicholas Riggs; Travis Kupka; John Hovig Jizmejian; Michael D. Sledd; Carlos Medina Valdez; Richard Mark Carney; Timothy John Wienckowski; Alma Angelina Skefich; Rafael R. Mora; Mario Jacinto; Steven Gus Juarez; Stephanie L. Kraychur; Robert Joseph Crupi; Theodore Robert McHenry; Rhonda Howard; Ray Nimn Guerrero; Joshua Daniel Sewell; Angela Nicole Wittman; Sean Patrick Hart; Rachel Lynn Rodriguez; James C. Stoa; Ismael Contreras; Frank Ciezadlo; Sheila Congboy Rizzolo; Theresa Maria Stanford; Sonia Banuelos; Ruben Cardenas; Celia Komathy; Jeff Chiantaretto; Louis E. Lozano; Todd Baldwin; David Bambrick; Robert J. Bishop; Alicia Elliott; Darrell Hinson; Zoutan Mako; Mark Guardado; Arthur Antonio; Joshua Chong; Kelene Dale Gibson; Miguel Gomez; Michael Chapman; James Zourek; Brian Gingras; Teresa M. Velez; Dennis J. Duran; Brian Thayer; Art Talamante; Todd Chaney; Sandra J. Carlisle; Corey Dillard; Trasia R. Figueira; Carlos M. Figueira; John Collyer; Kevin B. Study; Matthew Calleros; John B. Wilson; William Perez; James Townsend II; Vincent Aguirre; James M. Kaiser; Nicholas Rothemich; Robert Smey; Aaron Andrew Fougere; Anthony Charles Hotchkiss; Anthony F. Saenz; Michael Johnson; Brett Robinson; Blake Budai; Talya Andrel Higgs; David A. Akins; Joseph McDowell; Maria E. Heissel; Rogelio Perez; Andy A. Azodi; Pamela Green; Hurley Glenn Criner II; Daniel R. Del Valle; William J. McDonald; Sean Dempsey; David Krumer; John Brett Hayes; Ron Berdin; Francisco Javier Lopez; Christopher No; Steve Park; Joel Perez; Mike Richardson; Marie Tucker; Ya-May Christle; Roland J. Ramirez; Francisco Banuelos; Steven E. Johnson; John E. Campos; Gilberto Gaxiola; Frank Higareda; Zoutan Mako; James C. Grace; Sean M. Karmody; Christian H. Wecker; Stephen Nassief; Renee McAlonis; Jesse J. Estrada, Jr.; Daniel Logan; Patricia L. Blake; Greg Ortiz; Clinton T. Popham II; Guilermo Henry Mixer; Mark Allen; Stephen F. Slinsky; Ronny C. Mosley; David Hernandez; George Melvin McNeill; Manuel Ray Zapata; Andreas An; Gloria Jean Wood; Oscar Ontiveros; Michael Joseph Barrios; Perry Miguel Alvarez; A. J. Debellis; Victoria Collete Debellis; Wendi Leigh Berndt; Jeffrey John Martin; Juan Manuel Contreras; Donald Ernest Muniz; Rick Michael Rafter; Adrian Alexander Rios; Bryan Gary Gregson; Anthony R. Ochoa; Christopher Wayne Allen; David Alfredo Navas; Ignacio Rojas; Stephen Michael Musso; Orlando Martinez; Mark Pravongviengkham; Mitchell Allen Norling; Florence Estella Johnson; William F. Willis; Mary J. Fencl; Howard Choy; Juan Alfredo Ceja; Derek Richard Mousseau; Kathy Joyce Simpson; John Dennis Carey; Lawrence Phillip Jones; Pedro Zapata Reyes; Ralph Edward Emard; Philip Anthony Walters; Bradley Warren Mossie; Darrell Edward Sancho; Gregg Arthur Jacobus; Robert Arellano; Ian Carbonell; James Nicholas Rivera; Scott Edward Thielman; Douglas R. Long; Richard Antonio Lugo; Pedro Torres; Jesus David Flores; Andy Joshua Leuridan; Jose Antonio Arellano; Gerardo Hernandez; John Elio Moreno; Fred L. Williams; Dewayne Davis; Joyce Ann Davis; Antonio Zamora; Charles Kevin Blomeley; Christina Marie Higuera; Timothy John McLaughlin; John Manuel Calzada; Bryan Harold Millner; Cory Phillip Meisner; Patrick Vincent Roman; Anthony Shane Solis; John Walter Davis; Bruce Parnell Stallworth; Brett Deoliveira; Dwight Christopher Nolan; Manuel A. Perez; David Manuel Romero; Clement Ruben Toscano; Paul Fedynich; Martin Robles; Tony Im; Jorge Martinez; Alan C. Henry; Brian Eric Brown; Wayne Albert Devey; Gregory Alan Glodery; Gilbert Pedregon; Lanita Elias; Paul Larry Skinner; Doreen Wilson; Osvaldo Ozzie Delgadillo; David Miner; Richard Ramos; Malcolm A. Thomas; Karen Crawford; Eric Christopher Johnson; Cari M. Long; Victor M. Eguez; Michael Villareal; Eric Alexander Melendez; Roy Reza, Jr.; Tony Di Paolo; John Carlo Blondo; Joseph Pollack; Michael Christopher Alexander-Fuller; Kerry Jon Suprenant; Julio Cezar Martinez; Angel Sambrano; David Alan Burrus; Francisco Eduardo Dominguez; Steven Frederick Gross; John X Vach, Jr.; Thomas Marvin Redshaw; Aldwin Vicencio; Julie R. McInnis; Brent A. Smith; William Waldo Sanders; John Stephen Enos; Elizabeth Luz Gudino; Jose Luis Padilla; Ellen Helene Cameron; Paul Joseph Wenter; Hector Manuel Urena; Daniel Anthony Suarez; Luis Angel Santiago, Jr.; Richard Philip Perez; Bradley Coulter Nielson; Richard Wayne Lockett; Thomas S. Lee; David Allen Javier; Susan Grizelda Inverno; Shawn Ryan Holguin; Thomas Carl Gustafson; Cheri Marie Doolittle; Jamal Esam Dawoudi; Medrardo Carranza; Hector Steven Carbajal; Antonio Vargas; Brent W. Riederich; Danny Steve Mendez; Gustavo Ariel Martinez; Cesar Rene Gonzalez; Gil James Cardinez; Samuel Joseph Briggs; Manuel Andujo; Richard Lance Adair; Bonnie Lynn Lehigh; Brian James McDonald; Travis James Curtin; Mark Stephen Hubert; Charles Dwight Thomas; Patrick Shepard Robinson; Spiro John Roditis; George Timothy Leonard; David Ruben Cordova; Eva Jean Perry; Juan Gabriel Aguilar; Oswaldo A. Pedemonte; Sergio Dario Driotez; Vincent Neglia; Gerald M. Tomic; John Poland; Rudy Barrigan; Daniel M. Drulias; Corey Harmon; Ginger Harrison; Eric Lee Windham; Allen M. Kamal; Jim Tumbeird; Robert Alvarado; Gary Sales; Taylor Jordan McLaws; Felicia Spring McAdams; Sheldon J. Williams; Esther Nyape Reyes; Juan Octavio Reyes; Thomas Ewell Bibbs; Enrique Jurado; James Deric Carroll; Adam Niebergall; Antonia Serna; Thomas George Ralph; David John Hopkins; Sergio Ivan Sanchez; David Gene Ross; Jose Manuel Herrera; Kenneth Michael Snowden; Angela Doren Wienckowski; Victor Samuel Medrano; Brian Kelly; Stanley Alvin Kane; Jeffrey Campagna; Bret Andrew Banachowski; Leah Marie Baxter; Gerard Joseph Gibson; Teresa Y. Alonzo; Paul Sherney Williams; Adam Sockis Moore; Brian Jeffrey Campagna; Amie A. Guardado; Mark Austin Johnson; Sean Ramon McGee; Luis Enrique Jurado; Annissa Elaine Harsma; Gary Eugene Ross; Arthur Lee Simms, Jr.; Walter O. Lopez; Jae Hyun Sung; Eugene Sebatian Olea; James Craig Ferrell; Hector Guzman; Jerome Calhoun; Joseph Lee Gonzalez; Steven Douglas Sieker; Michael James Harrington; Michel Bonilla; Joe Quezada; Ricardo Gutierrez; Shane David Bua; Carlos Rodriguez; Timothy Jerome Morris; Kenneth Lee Price; Tyrone Roberto Acosta; Joseph Henry Cruz; William Mirza Simonoff; Louis Eduardo Marin; David Houlihan; Sophia Renee Castaneda; Christy Madera Chavarria; Maricela Ibanez; Bruce Leland Coss; Kathy K. Roditis; Mark Darin Lauderdale; Nguyen T. Do; Juan Carlos Rodriguez; Luis Michel Bonilla; Juan Israel Zendejas; Lisa Michelle Kelly; Matthew William Jones; Benjamin David Gutierrez; David James Craig; Rudolph Rivera, Jr.; Enrique Robledo, Jr.; John Ammons; Arturo Mares; Roger I. Watson; Veronica Padilla; Anthony Green; Luz Elba Montero; Unneyung Kevin Ree; Willard David Thomason; Brian Michael Corwin; Michael Thomas Judge; Alan C. Henry; Jennifer Susanne Howlett; Eric Alan Hurd; Tom Leo Chavez; Jimmy Chong; Shawn David Crabbe; Teresa L. Evans; Jennifer Nicole Blomeley; Thomas Anthony Bojorquez; Arthur Anthony Castro; Evannry Maria Arocho; David Gibson Ashley; Lance Adam Blake; Sally Elizabeth Santamaria; Feliciano Tyrone Wilson; Claudia Carmen Castruita; Nathan Paul Ewert; Ignacio Guitnon; Eric Hernandez; Lisa Marie Duran; Daniel Adam Garcia; Michael Joseph Sullivan; Larry Brown; Teresa Lynn Anderson; Howard D. Mathews; James J. May; Michael Kilpatrick; Michael Lopez; Mark Manuel Mascareno; Kennith Joseph Ferro; Valendine Scot Flores; Ronald Harrell; Adam Senall Green; Eric Sean Mollinedo; Steve Soon Chung; Edan Michael Sheklow; Bobby Romo; Omar Lamont Davis; Crystal Nova Davis; Matthew Kevin Murray; Maligi Agatonu Nua; Oscar Alejandro Ordonez; Jeremy Jay Paciokowski; Leo Perez; Leopoldo Rey; Corbin Joseph Rheault; Arthur Reyna; Joaquin Rodriquez, Jr.; Jose Romo; Sergio Navarro Salas; Diana M. Salcido; Robert Louis Schlesinger; Darius Ian Trugman; Christopher Albert Vasquez; Sharlon Kojro Wampler; David Wayne Yep; Ryan V. Icagan; Michael Anthony Thompson; James Joseph Dickson; David Rodriguez; Carlos Enrique Torres; Jonathan David Pasillas; Adrianna Marie Prado; Ivan Guillermo; Donni Lynn Ellison; Freddie Robert Ackerley; Joseph Pollack; James Michael Bland; Garardo Loza; Adam Benjamin Loo; Kevin L. Giberson, Jr.; Dong S. Park; Steven Aguilar III; Michael W. Schneider; Raymona K. Moussa; Francois Joseph Wise; Diana Zamora; Carlos Alberto Figueroa; Cesar Ignacio Guitnon; Ruben Orlando Vega; Marlon Gomez; Oscar Alejandro Castellanos; Leeann Jones; Omar Franco; John Thomas Strasner; Robert Joseph Martinez; Luis Navarette; Troy Orion Zeeman; Teresa Renae Pikor; Darlene Myree Shelley; Michael Clark Blake; Jorge Arturo Alfaro; Thomas Anthony Garcia; Jesse Joe Reyes; Juan Carlos Chavez; Brian Wayne Wilson; Richard J. Knopf; Dennis John Shaw; Raymond G. Wong; Gisselle Espinoza; Martin M. Espinoza; Brian Anthony Harris; Marc Michael Ferris; Brent Alan Smith; Michael Patrick Flannery; Theodore Jara; Ezequiel Barraza; John Manuel Cuenca; Christopher Smythe; Mario E. Figueroa, Jr.; William Chester Lantz; Miguel Alfonso Terrazas; Jose Lujan Reyes, Jr.; Douglas Daniel Roach; Joseph Eric Chavez; Victor Manuel Arrelano; Curtis L. Davis; Berzon Angcao Distor; Mark Brian Stratton; Michelle Rachel Eskridge; Jeffrey Brian Beacham; Jeremy Marshall Olson; Eric Craig Williams; Peter John Jack; Magdaleno Gomez; Sam Saul Salazar; Craig Stephen Adams; Gregory Coronado Trevino; Rudy Jose Quintanilla; Phillip Lawrence Miller; Ray John Martinez; Raymona Villalobos; Ronald Wayne Gray; Gary Edward Leffew; Ara Vidal Hollenback; Carlos Olmos; Steve Sainz; Richard Keith Larimer; Salvador Lizarraga; Gabriel Rivas; Jeff Paul Quinton; Marco Antonio Munoz; Wayne Kerry Guillary; Benjamin Martin Tran; Todd H. Bracht; Lester M. Freeman; Spendora Rene Hadnot-Ricks; Cedric Raynard Ingram; Young Woo Jheon; Leonard Roland Perez; David Nabil Habibi; Timothy Jason Bohac; Sonny Kynoi Patsenhann; Steven Costas Kotsinadelis; Oscar Alberto Garza; Phillip Henry Zalba; Gilbert Sanchez; Gina M. Bracht; Michael Solis; Samuel Adam Arnold; Edward Beltran Zamora; Laura Gerritsen; Caesar David Gonzalez; Darren Hill; Brian W. Tyndall; Cesar I. Guitron; Kevin W. Pierce; Sidney Dean Hodges; Lisa M. Duran; Timothy R. McRath; Adrianna Prado; Cesar Mata; Taaj Muhammad; Roy Reza, Jr.; Jeffrey S. Mulheim; David Riddick; Francisco Macias; Omar L. Davis; James Franciscus Martinez; Alfonso Cisneros; Alex Hoffmaster; Patricia A. Stout; Jaime Chacon; Stephen Yurochko; Timothy Hwan Kim; Edward Richard Petterez; Robert Carlos Celaya; James A. Kukkok; Robert Michael Villalobos; Edward N. Acosta; Stacie Lynn French; Randolph Clifford Agard; James A. Stout; Daniel Garrett Thompson; Kenneth Steven Bartnicki; Scott Donald Brown; Randy Scott Goens; Keely C. Coleman; Jason George Jacobson; Larry Lee Johnson; Jeramie Andrel Schulze; Dontae Phillips; Manuel Esqueda; Luke Baxter Walden; Pedro Topete Cabunoc, Jr.; Miguel Angel Nunez; Del Jester; Audrie Parrillo; Eric Wayne Holyfield; Lori A. Lee; Ronald F. Grijalba; Michael B. Calhoun; Dino Angelo; Kurt D. Thurston; Francisco Carrillo; Mario Aldo Parrillo; Frank Preciado; Veronica Inez Saucedo; Scott Michael Vostad; Lolita Bermudez; Michael Tolmaire; Tamara A. Baumann; Juan P. Silva; Silvia Corral; Gabriel Holguin; Vincent Henson; Teresa Zundel; Jim Tumbeiro; Edward L. Kellogg; Benjamin E. Aguilera; Samuel Y. Cho; Dennis Nguyen; Hyong S. Perkins; James P. Moon, Esquire, Attorney; Jonathan M. Kincaid; Rufus R. Ward; Ronnie M. Romero; Edward Heredia; Joseph Adragna; Hector Ibarra; Bennie Boatwright; Kevin W. Smith; Matthew Casalicchio; Spree Desha; Divinity; Eric Jennings; Steve Grimes; Heath Adams; Robert Brogelman; Jay Vargas; James Edwards; Luis Delacruz; Robert Worrall; Robert Scutaru; Lorna Cavin; Peter Ponich; Robert Olmos; Augusto Mariano; Jeremy Fink; Donald Bender; Hector Chaidez; Alfredo Rosales; John Long; Mika Kuroiwa; Christopher Cortijo; Habib Munoz; Deshaun Hall; Dominick Fuentes; Chris Kliever; Osvaldo Gonzalez; Sandra Garcia; Ralph Alvarez; Rafael Tobar; Timothy Tully Scott I; Kenneth Santolla; David Perry; Ruthann Scott; Alexander Villalpando; Marian Bausley; Daniel Rios; Gustavo Camacho; Jonathan Miller; Susan Herold; Patrick Higa; Brian Peel; Arca; Salvatore De Bella; Roy Agbanawag; Earnest Williams; Steve Morales; Rudy Gonzalez; Michael Quezada; Ricardo Rivera; Alan Kreitzman; Steven Lemmer; Christopher Green; Claudia Mendoza; David Brandstetter; Sunny Sasajima; Michael Graham; Horacin Aguirre; Suzanne Vukovic; William Monahan; Clinton T. Weir; Edgar Cruz; John E. Redican; Pernell Taylor; John Armando Warren; Hugo Trujillo; Jesus Ramirez; Dennis P. Kilcoyne; Keith H. Spencer; Caesar David Gonzalez; James T. Willis; Binh Nguyen; Charles Giuliani; Grace Garcia.

Defendant-Appellee: City of Los Angeles.

Mata v. City of Los Angeles, No. 16-55002

Plaintiff: Cesar Mata

Plaintiffs-Appellants: Richard D. Alba; Jose Angulo; Francisco Arredondo; Jay G. Batson; Albert Bertieri; Jeffrey Burnley; Robert Calzadillas; Jose Carias; Lucen A. Daigle; Miguel Dominguez; Jess H. Faber; Austin B. Fernald; Mario Flores; Daniel Garcia; Joseph Getherall; Steven Gomez; Eric Hermann; Nahan R. Hernandez; Patrick A. Higa; Gregory Jacks; Ruben S. Jimenez; Allan Krish; Irma E. Krish; Darryl L. Lee; Rafael Lomeli; Michael McLann; Alonso Menchaca; Bryan Mivglaz; Trisha Mivlgaz; Abel Munoz; Donald R. Ornelas; Dana Ouiatt; Young W. Pak; Lee Perry, Jr.; David Petersen; Michael R. Peterson; Ryan S. Powell; Pablo A. Rivera; Henry Romero; Manuel L. Rumion; David Sabedra; Darrell Sanomo; Brian T. Schneider; Ruthann Scott; Sven Steffensen; Shad Stilkey; Patricia Suarez; Jonathan Sugam; John Talbot; Fred A. Tredy; Adan Urena; Onam Urena; Miguel Vaca; Miguel A. Vallejo; Rita Vallejo; D. Michael Vrolyks; Neil Warren,; Matthews O’Williams; Joe R. Witty.

Defendant-Appellee: City of Los Angeles.