At page 1394 Analyzing equal protection claims under the fifth amendment32 citing casesexception has been narrowly construed, and attorney neglect has not been seen as providing a basis for relief [under federal counterpart to D.C.App.R. 4(b)(3) ]
- Thomas v. United States, 586 A.2d 1228 (D.C. 1991).published (exception has been narrowly construed, and attorney neglect has not been seen as providing a basis for relief [under federal counterpart to D.C.App.R. 4(b)(3) ])
- United States v. Billy Joe Kreidel, 131 F.3d 149 (9th Cir. 1997).unpublished([C]ourts have consistently viewed the filing deadlines of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(b) as 'both mandatory & jurisdictional')
- United States v. Terry Kinard, 108 F.3d 1374 (4th Cir. 1997).unpublishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir.1986); United States v. Schuchardt, 685 F.2d 901 (4th Cir.1982). 3 Kinard's notice of appeal and motion for an extension of time to file were submitted 104 days after entry…
- United States v. Kinard, No. 96-4636 (4th Cir. Mar. 13, 1997).unpublishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir. 1986); United States v. Schuchardt, 685 F.2d 901 (4th Cir. 1982).
- United States v. John Clayton Harris, 76 F.3d 389 (9th Cir. 1996).unpublished We affirm. 3 Compliance with the filing deadlines set forth in Fed.R.App.P. 4(b) is "both mandatory and jurisdictional." See United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986) (citations omitted).
- United States v. Miguel Espinoza-Betancourt, 69 F.3d 545 (9th Cir. 1995).unpublishedSee United States v. Stolarz, 547 F.2d 108, 111 (9th Cir.1976) (mere acceptance of notice of appeal by court clerk after 10-day period does not give rise to extension of time to file), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 851 (1977). 6 This court has co…
- United States v. Greg Davis, AKA Greg David, United States of Am. v. Moises Negron, Jr., 50 F.3d 17 (9th Cir. 1995).unpublishedNELSON, and HAWKINS, Circuit Judges 2 MEMORANDUM ** 3 * Because the district court's finding that Negron had not been advised of his right to appeal was not clearly erroneous, its finding of excusable neglect for the late filing of Negron'…
- United States v. Jonathan Idema, 42 F.3d 1386 (4th Cir. 1994).unpublishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986).
- United States v. Salvador Flores-Rodriguez, 19 F.3d 30 (9th Cir. 1994).unpublishedSee, e.g., United States v. Prairie Pharmacy, Inc., 921 F.2d 211, 212 (9th Cir.1990); United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986). 10 Finally, we recognize that the district court expressed doubts about its author…
- United States v. Gibson, 832 F. Supp. 324 (D. Kan. 1993).published United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir. 1986).
Show 22 more citing cases
- United States v. Fabian Ezquiel Gonzalez, 972 F.2d 1345 (9th Cir. 1992).unpublished "Excusable neglect is shown when the appellant has done 'all he could do under the circumstances' to perfect an appeal within the time prescribed by the rules." United States v. Houser, 804 F.2d 565, 569 (9th Cir.1986) (quoting United Stat…
- United States v. Sean Dorrold Sawyer, 961 F.2d 217 (9th Cir. 1992).unpublishedCompliance with Rule 4(b) is "both mandatory and jurisdictional." United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986) (citations omitted). 5 In this circuit, the timely mailing of a notice of appeal does not constitute ti…
- United States v. David W. Maestas, 961 F.2d 221 (10th Cir. 1992).published United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986).
- United States v. Francis Anthony Littriello Michael Paul Turner, United States of Am. v. Francis Anthony Littriello Michael Paul Turner, 904 F.2d 701 (4th Cir. 1990).unpublishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir.1986); United States v. Cheek, 761 F.2d 461, 462-63 (8th Cir.1985); United States v. Hoye, 548 F.2d 1271, 1273 (6th Cir.1977). 8 The time periods established by Fed.R.App.P…
- United States v. Samuel Scallio, A/K/A Santo C. Scallio, United States of Am. v. Samuel Scallio, 907 F.2d 1141 (4th Cir. 1990).unpublishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir.1986); United States v. Cheek, 761 F.2d 461, 462-63 (8th Cir.1985); United States v. Hoye, 548 F.2d 1271, 1273 (6th Cir.1977). 4 The time periods established by Fed.R.App.P…
- Somers Assocs. v. Gloucester Tp., 575 A.2d 20 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1990).publishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F. 2d 1392, 1394 (9 Cir.1986).
- Edward Allen White v. Wayne McGinnis, 903 F.2d 699 (9th Cir. 1990).published (Fed.R.App.P. 4(b)'s deadlines for filing notice of appeal are mandatory and court will not create exception for cases of attorney neglect)
- Fetterly v. Paskett, 747 F. Supp. 594 (D. Idaho 1990).publishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986).
- Elmer Gerard Pratt v. D.J. McCarthy Superintendent, 878 F.2d 331 (9th Cir. 1989).published“this exception has been narrowly construed, and attorney neglect has not been seen as providing a basis for relief”
- Lewis H. Dickerson v. Arthur Latessa, 872 F.2d 1116 (1st Cir. 1989).published United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986) (Kennedy, J.) (citing Bell v. Hongisto, 501 F.2d 346, 353-54 (9th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 420 U.S. 962 , 95 S.Ct. 1351 , 43 L.Ed.2d 439 (1975)).
- United States v. Karen Eccles, 850 F.2d 1357 (9th Cir. 1988).publishedHowever, the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and the case law interpreting them indicate that we have no statutory jurisdiction to consider the defendant’s appeal. “[Cjourts have consistently viewed the filing deadlines of Federal Rul…
- United States v. Morris Edwin Anglin, Jr., 850 F.2d 690 (4th Cir. 1988).unpublishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir.1986); United States v. Cheek, 761 F.2d 461, 462-63 (8th Cir.1985); United States v. Hoye, 548 F.2d 1271, 1273 (6th Cir.1977).
- United States v. Robert Raymond Proulx, 848 F.2d 186 (4th Cir. 1988).unpublishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir.1986); United States v. Cheek, 761 F.2d 461, 462-63 (8th Cir.1985); United States v. Hoye, 548 F.2d 1271, 1273 (6th Cir.1977).
- United States v. Lawrence Lewis, Jr., 837 F.2d 415 (9th Cir. 1988).publishedSee, e.g., Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497, 499 , 74 S.Ct. 693, 694 , 98 L.Ed. 884 (1954); United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986). 3 .
- United States v. Gary Gallo, 812 F.2d 1409 (6th Cir. 1987).unpublishedUnited States v. Robinson, 361 U.S. 220, 229 (1960); United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986).
- United States v. Gerhardt, 51 F. App'x 713 (9th Cir. 2002).unpublishedSee United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir.1986); see also Smith v. United States, 425 F.2d 173, 174 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that the requirements of the Federal Rules of Appellate Practice are “mandatory and ju…
- United States v. Tavizon, 1 F. App'x 722 (9th Cir. 2001).unpublishedSee United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986).
- Harris v. Champion, 15 F.3d 1538 (10th Cir. 1994).publishedSee United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986); Bell v. Hongisto, 501 F.2d 346, 353 (9th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 420 U.S. 962 , 95 S.Ct. 1351 , 43 L.Ed.2d 439 (1975).
- Harris v. Ron Champion, 15 F.3d 1538 (10th Cir. 1994).publishedSee United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (9th Cir.1986); Bell v. Hongisto, 501 F.2d 346, 353 (9th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 420 U.S. 962 , 95 S.Ct. 1351 , 43 L.Ed.2d 439 (1975).
- United States v. Michael K. Stirn, 981 F.2d 1260 (9th Cir. 1992).unpublishedHowever, we have held that "[i]nadvertence or mistake of counsel, including that attributable to office staff, does not constitute excusable neglect under this standard." Id.; accord United States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394 (…
- United States v. Manuel Vasquez Contreras, 963 F.2d 380 (9th Cir. 1992).unpublishedSee, e.g., United States v. Avendano-Comacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1394-95 (9th Cir.1986).
- Medicare&medicaid Gu 38,961 United States v. Prairie Pharmacy, Inc., 921 F.2d 211 (9th Cir. 1990).published(attorney neglect has not been seen as providing a basis for relief” from Rule 4(b))
At page 1395 Lacking jurisdiction and directing petition under section 22551 citing caseL.Ed.2d 688 (1971). Consequently, we lack jurisdiction to hear the appeal. We are aware that this result seems harsh. We emphasize, however, that we do not…
- United States v. Percy James Pearce, 992 F.2d 1021 (9th Cir. 1993).publishedUnited States v. Avendano-Camacho, 786 F.2d 1392, 1395 (9th Cir.1986).
Other citing cases
- Gomez v. State, 763 S.W.2d 583 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1988).published
v.
Jesus AVENDANO-CAMACHO, Defendant-Appellant
Appellant Avendano-Camacho was convicted of conspiracy to possess and distribute heroin and aiding and abetting the distribution of heroin. The judgment of conviction was entered on April 10, 1985. On May 30, 1985, appellant attempted to file a notice of appeal which was rejected as untimely. Appellant contends that his failure to file the notice within the time prescribed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(b) was the result of the imcompetency of his trial counsel. On June 4, 1985, appellant sought from the district court an extension of time to file the notice, a request denied by order docketed June 6, 1985. Appellant timely appealed this order on June 14,1985. On appeal it is argued that Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(b) denies appellant the equal protection of the laws since it permits the government thirty days in which to perfect an appeal while providing an individual defendant[*1394] only ten days. Appellant also argues the district court erred in not finding that the alleged incompetency of his trial counsel in not filing the notice constituted “excusable neglect” warranting extension of the time for filing an appeal. We reject appellant’s equal protection argument and, because we find ourselves without jurisdiction to hear the appeal, affirm the order of the district court.
While the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not by its terms apply to federal enactments, equal protection claims may be brought under the Fifth Amendment due process clause and are approached in the same manner as are claims under the Fourteenth Amendment. See Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636, 638 n. 2, 95 S.Ct. 1225, 1228 n. 2, 43 L.Ed.2d 514 (1975). Classifications challenged as denying the equal protection of the laws are generally sustained if they rationally further a legitimate governmental interest. Only if the classification operates to the peculiar disadvantage of a suspect class, or interferes with a fundamental right, will it be subjected to strict scrutiny by the courts. Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, 427 U.S. 307, 312, 96 S.Ct. 2562, 2566, 49 L.Ed.2d 520 (1976). In this case there is no allegation that the classification disadvantages a suspect class. At least where the classification at issue is not based on wealth, the right to appeal is not considered a fundamental right. Bell v. Hongisto, 501 F.2d 346, 353-54 (9th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 420 U.S. 962, 95 S.Ct. 1351, 43 L.Ed.2d 439 (1975). Consequently, we apply the rational relation test to judge the classification here.
Applying this test, we have no difficulty finding that the different periods provided the government and criminal defendants for filing an appeal do not deny defendants the equal protection of the laws. It is reasonable to presume that it takes a large, bureaucratic organization such as the government, responsible for prosecuting thousands of cases across the country, a greater time to assess the merits of an appeal than it does an individual defendant. In reaching its decision whether or not to appeal, the government must be concerned, moreover, with the consistency of its positions and the future impact of the case, considerations that do not weigh as heavily, if at all, in the decision of the defendant.
Having resolved defendant’s constitutional challenge, we observe that courts have consistently viewed the filing deadlines of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(b) as “both mandatory and jurisdictional.” Smith v. United States, 425 F.2d 173, 174 (9th Cir.1970) (citing United States v. Robinson, 361 U.S. 220, 229, 80 S.Ct. 282, 288, 4 L.Ed.2d 259 (I960)). Here the appellant has missed the initial ten-day filing period, as well as the thirty additional days provided for seeking an extension of time due to “excusable neglect.” While an exception to the rule that the filing periods are jurisdictional has been recognized where an appellant has done “all he could under the circumstances” to perfect an appeal within the time permitted by the rule, see, e.g., Fallen v. United States, 378 U.S. 139, 143-44, 84 S.Ct. 1689, 1692-93, 12 L.Ed.2d 760 (1964), this exception has been narrowly construed, and attorney neglect has not been seen as providing a basis for relief. Compare id. (prisoner mailed notice within ten-day period without knowing that prison mail was not picked up everyday) with Berman v. United States, 378 U.S. 530, 84 S.Ct. 1895, 12 L.Ed.2d 1012 (1964) (per curiam) (affirming dismissal of appeal where notice was one day late because counsel failed to file notice due to illness). See also Smith, 425 F.2d at 174 (late appeal dismissed where attorney failed to file notice after informing defendant that it would be filed). Furthermore, the defendant does not claim that the district court failed to inform him of his right to appeal as provided by Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(a)(2), thus perhaps preventing running of the time for filing a notice of appeal. See United States v. Deans, 436 F.2d 596, 599-600 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 403 U.S. 911, 91 S.Ct. 2211, 29[*1395] L.Ed.2d 688 (1971). Consequently, we lack jurisdiction to hear the appeal.
We are aware that this result seems harsh. We emphasize, however, that we do not here decide whether, in light of defendant’s apparent lack of education or understanding of the English language, his counsel may not in fact have sufficiently informed him of his right to appeal and whether any such failure might constitute ineffective assistance of counsel. At this time the proper avenue for raising this claim is to file a petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. While this circuit has not had occasion to address what remedy under section 2255 might be available to a federal prisoner who establishes that he was in fact denied the right to appeal as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel, we note that in at least one other circuit such a petitioner has been granted the right to file an out-of-time appeal. See Mack v. Smith, 659 F.2d 23, 25-26 (5th Cir. 1981); Atilus v. United States, 406 F.2d 694 (5th Cir.1969).
The order of the district court is AFFIRMED.