At page 707 Reviewing sentencing error regarding drug weight calculation18 citing casesboth holding that the “except as otherwise provided” language of section 3583(b) permits the longer period of supervised release allowed for, but not required by, section 5D1.2(a)
- United States v. Dair, 174 F. App'x 68 (3d Cir. 2006).unpublishedUnited States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707 (10th Cir.1995).
- United States v. Houston, 30 F. App'x 760 (10th Cir. 2002).unpublishedUnited States v. OrozcoRodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707 (10th Cir.1995).
- United States v. Ignasio Maldenaldo Sanchez, United States of Am. v. Santiago Gilberto Sanchez, 269 F.3d 1250 (11th Cir. 2001).published See United States v. Pratt, 239 F.3d 640, 647 (4th Cir. 2001) (holding that § 3583 "does not cap the period of supervised release that a district court may impose under § 841(b)(1)(C)"); United States v. Shorty, 159 F.3d 312 , 315-16 n.6 (…
- United States v. Santiago Gilberto Sanchez, No. 00-13447 (11th Cir. Feb. 26, 2001).publishedSee United States v. Pratt, 239 F.3d 640, 647 (4th Cir. 2001) (holding that § 3583 “does not cap the period of supervised release that a district court may impose under § 841(b)(1)(C)”); United States v. Shorty, 159 70 F.3d 312 , 315-16 n.…
- United States v. Ignasio Maldenaldo Sanchez, 242 F.3d 1294 (11th Cir. 2001).publishedSee United States v. Pratt, 239 F.3d 640, 647 (4th Cir. 2001) (holding that § 3583 “does not cap the period of supervised release that a district court may impose under § 841(b)(1)(C)”); United States v. Shorty, 159 F.3d 312 , 315-16 n.6 (…
- United States v. Reed, 4 F. App'x 575 (10th Cir. 2001).unpublishedSee Heckard, 238 F.3d at 1236-37 ; United States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707-08 (10th Cir.1995).
- United States v. Sean Anthony Gerrow, A.K.A. Damien Gerrow, Etc., Annette Marie Gerrow, A.K.A. Annette Brown, 232 F.3d 831 (11th Cir. 2000).publishedSee, e.g., United States v. Abbington, 144 F.3d 1003, 1006 (6th Cir.1998); United States v. Bongiorno, 139 F.3d 640, 641 (8th Cir.1998); United States v. Garcia, 112 F.3d 395, 397-98 (9th Cir.1997); United States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.…
- United States v. Sean Anthony Gerrow, No. 99-12061 (11th Cir. Nov. 8, 2000).publishedSee, e.g., United States v. Abbington, 144 F.3d 1003, 1006 (6th Cir. 1998); United States v. Bongiorno, 139 F.3d 640, 641 (8th Cir. 1998); United States v. Garcia, 112 F.3d 395, 397-98 (9th Cir. 1997); United States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60…
- United States v. Bridges, No. 99-3167 (10th Cir. June 21, 2000).unpublishedBridges pled guilty to three of the charges in the indictment alleging he conspired to and did manufacture methamphetamine and that, in so doing, he 3 Although we have reviewed sentencing errors that were not raised in the district court u…
- United States v. Johnson, 978 F. Supp. 1410 (D. Kan. 1997).published(except as otherwise provided” language of 18 U.S.C. § 3583 (b) permits longer period of supervised release allowed for, but not required by, U.S.S.G. § 5D1.2(a))
Show 7 more citing cases
- United States v. Chandler Allen Ingersoll, 116 F.3d 1489 (10th Cir. 1997).publishedUnited States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707 (10th Cir.1995); United States v. Alessandroni, 982 F.2d 419, 420 (10th Cir.1992).
- United States v. Ingersoll, No. 96-8048 (10th Cir. Jan. 9, 1997).unpublishedUnited States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707 (10th Cir. 1995); United States v. Alessandroni, 982 F.2d 419, 420 (10th Cir. 1992).
- United States V., 77 F.3d 493 (10th Cir. 1996).publishedUnited States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707 (10th Cir.1995).
- United States v. Nelson, 177 F. Supp. 2d 1181 (D. Kan. 2001).publishedSee United States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707-08 (10th Cir.1995).
- United States v. Moss, 137 F. Supp. 2d 1249 (D. Kan. 2001).publishedSee United States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707-08 (10th Cir.1995).
- United States v. Heckard, 238 F.3d 1222 (10th Cir. 2001).publishedSee United States v. Orozco-Rodriguez, 60 F.3d 705, 707-08 (10th Cir.1995); accord United States v. Abbington, 144 F.3d 1003, 1006 (6th Cir.1998); United States v. Bongiorno, 139 F.3d 640, 641 (8th Cir.1998) (per curiam); United States v.…
- UNITED STATES of Am., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jose Hernandez GARCIA, Defendant-Appellant, 112 F.3d 395 (9th Cir. 1997).published(both holding that the “except as otherwise provided” language of section 3583(b) permits the longer period of supervised release allowed for, but not required by, section 5D1.2(a))
At page 708 “Accordingly, we hold § 3583(b)(2) does not limit to three years the supervised release term imposed under § 841(b)(1)(C).”2 citing cases
- Oxy USA, Inc. v. Babbitt, 230 F.3d 1178 (10th Cir. 2000).publishedAs a result, the briefs submitted to the Phillips III panel were silent on the topic of whether orders seeking unpaid royalties should be subject to a six-year limitation period. 7 This is powerful support for not elevating our remarks in…
- Oxy Usa, Inc., Mobil Expl. & Producing U.S., Inc. v. Bruce Babbitt, Sec'y Bob Armstrong, Assistant Sec'y, Land & Minerals Mgmt. Cynthia Quarterman, Dir., Minerals Mgmt. Serv. Erasmo Gonzales, Chief, Houston Compliance Div., Minerals Mgmt. Serv. & Gary L. Johnson, Chief, Dallas & Tulsa Compliance Offices, Minerals Mgmt. Serv., Dep't of the Interior, Shell Oil Co. v. Bruce Babbitt, Sec'y, Dep't of the Interior Bob Armstrong, Assistant Sec'y, Land & Minerals Mgmt., Dep't of the Interior Cynthia Quarterman, Dir., Minerals Mgmt. Serv., Dep't of the Interior Erasmo Gonzales, Chief, Houston Compliance Div., Minerals Mgmt. Serv., Dep't of the Interior & Gary L. Johnson, Chief, Dallas & Tulsa Compliance Offices, Minerals Mgmt. Serv., Dep't of the Interior, 230 F.3d 1178 (10th Cir. 2000).publishedAs a result, the briefs submitted to the Phillips III panel were silent on the topic of whether orders seeking unpaid royalties should be subject to a six-year limitation period. 7 This is powerful support for not elevating our remarks in…
v.
Gilberto OROZCO-RODRIGUEZ, Defendant-Appellant
Following his entry of a guilty plea to the charge of possession of more than fifty kilograms of marijuana with intent to distribute, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(C), defendant-appellant Gilberto Orozco-Rodriguez was sentenced to forty-one months’ imprisonment to be followed by four years of supervised release. On appeal, he challenges the length of supervised release imposed, and he claims the district court committed reversible error in denying his motions to reweigh the marijuana. We affirm. [1]
Defendant claims the weight of the marijuana used to calculate his sentence included the weight of the cellophane packaging material, contrary to U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1, application note 1 (“Mixture or substance does not include materials that must be separated from the controlled substance before [it] can be used.”). He points out that various reports generated by the authorities list the weight of the marijuana as 202.1 pounds, 208 pounds[*707] and 221 pounds. He argues that the district court abused its discretion in denying his presentence motions to reweigh the marijuana, and misapplied U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 by basing defendant’s sentence on an incorrect weight of marijuana.
A sentencing court’s application of law is reviewed de novo, and its factual findings are reviewed for clear error. United States v. Glover, 52 F.3d 283, 284-85 (10th Cir.1995). We review the district court’s decision to deny defendant’s motion to reweigh the evidence for abuse of discretion. United States v. Gonzalez-Acosta, 989 F.2d 384, 390 (10th Cir.1993). “In order to impose a sentence based on a quantity of drugs, the trial court’s factual findings must be determined by a preponderance of the evidence.” United States v. Molina-Cuartas, 952 F.2d 345, 348 (10th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 503 U.S. 995, 112 S.Ct. 1698, 118 L.Ed.2d 408 (1992).
Defendant’s sentence was based on U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1, which assigns offense levels based on the type and quantity of controlled substance involved. The same base offense level applies whether the defendant’s offense involved more than eighty or less than one hundred kilograms of marijuana. Id. § 2Dl.l(c)(8). Therefore, to affect defendant’s sentence, the marijuana’s weight would have to drop to eighty kilograms or below.
Defendant’s sentence was based on a weight of 202.1 pounds, or 91.9 kilograms, after adopting the lower gross weight of 208 pounds and adjusting that weight for packaging. Accordingly, to bring the weight of the marijuana below eighty kilograms, the cellophane packaging must have weighed an additional 11.9 kilograms, or roughly twenty-six pounds. Adding that to the six pounds previously subtracted for packaging results in a total of thirty-four pounds of cellophane.
Defendant has never alleged that the wrapping materials weighed as much as thirty-four pounds. The district court found no reason to believe the weight of the wrapping materials was enough to set the weight of the marijuana below the eighty kilogram level to make defendant eligible for a lower sentence. Cf. Gonzalez-Acosta, 989 F.2d at 390 (even under defendant’s theory that marijuana actually weighed less than stipulated weight, no sentencing error occurred; defendant’s sentence was within guideline range for lower offense level); Molino-Cuartas, 952 F.2d at 348 (even defendant’s estimates for weight of packaging did not place defendant in lower category under U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1). We conclude the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant’s motions to reweigh the evidence. Further, we hold that a preponderance of the evidence supports the finding that the net weight of the marijuana was more than eighty kilograms.
We next address defendant’s claim that the period of supervised release imposed, four years, exceeded the maximum permitted under the relevant statutes. Because defendant did not object to the supervised release term at the sentencing hearing, we review this claim for plain error. See United States v. Alessandroni, 982 F.2d 419, 420 (10th Cir.1992). “However, the imposition of a sentence based on an erroneous interpretation of the law constitutes plain error.” Id. Thus our review is de novo. See United States v. Wyne, 41 F.3d 1405, 1407 (10th Cir.1994).
Defendant maintains three years is the maximum period of supervised release because his conviction was for a Class C felony, 18 U.S.C. § 3559(a)(3), which carries a maximum of three years’ supervised release pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3583(b)(2). Defendant’s sentence is governed by 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(C) which provides, “[a]ny sentence imposing a term of imprisonment under this paragraph shall, in the absence of [a] prior conviction, impose a term of supervised release of at least 3 years in addition to such term of imprisonment....”
When Congress enacted the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, it amended 18 U.S.C. § 3583(b), the general statute authorizing supervised release terms, to add the phrase, “[e]xcept as otherwise provided.” United States v. Eng, 14 F.3d 165, 172-73 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 54, 130 L.Ed.2d 13 (1994); United States v. LeMay, 952 F.2d 995, 998 (8th Cir.1991). At the same time, Congress enacted 21 U.S.C. § 841(b), which requires minimum terms of supervised release for offenses enumerated therein, including a three-year minimum for defendant’s conviction. The phrase “[ejxcept[*708] as otherwise provided” was added to § 3583(b) so that section would not conflict with § 841(b). United States v. Mora, 22 F.3d 409, 412 (2d Cir.1994); LeMay, 952 F.2d at 998; see Prince v. United States, 46 F.3d 17, 19 (6th Cir.1995). We are aware of cases holding that supervised release terms imposed under § 841(b) are constrained by § 3583(b), see United States v. Good, 25 F.3d 218, 221 (4th Cir.1994); United States v. Kelly, 974 F.2d 22, 24-25 (5th Cir.1992), but we do not adopt that approach because it does not account for the addition of the phrase, “[e]xcept as otherwise provided,” to § 3583(b). Accordingly, we hold § 3583(b)(2) does not limit to three years the supervised release term imposed under § 841(b)(1)(C).
Our holding does not conflict with United States v. Padilla, 947 F.2d 893 (10th Cir.1991), or United States v. Esparsen, 930 F.2d 1461 (10th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1036, 112 S.Ct. 882, 116 L.Ed.2d 786 (1992). In both cases, the government conceded that the period of supervised release exceeded the statutory maximum. Consequently, neither case required resolution of the issue argued here. See Rohrbaugh v. Celotex Corp., 53 F.3d 1181, 1184 (10th Cir.1995) (“Dicta are statements and comments in an opinion concerning some rule of law or legal proposition not necessarily involved nor essential to determination of the ease in hand.” (quotation omitted)).
Applying the law to this ease, § 841(b)(1)(C) requires a minimum three-year term of supervised release. Section 3583(b) does not limit supervised release terms where “otherwise provided.” U.S.S.G. § 5D1.2(a) provides, “[i]f a defendant is convicted under a statute that requires a term of supervised release, the term shall be at least three years but not more than five years, or the minimum period required by statute, whichever is greater.” Therefore, the sentencing court’s imposition of a four-year term of supervised release was not error.
The judgment of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico is AFFIRMED.
. After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously to grant the parties' request for a decision on the briefs without oral argument. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(f) and 10th Cir.R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.