non-exclusive list factors (Texas) · Go Syfert
← Texas issues

non-exclusive list factors in Texas

241 Texas opinions name it 6 courts 1991–2026 34 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (54)

CaseFollowedCited
Holley v. Adamsgreen
tex · 1976 · cited in 68 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1991–2026
2 sentences

2026In evaluating whether termination is in a child’s best interest, the courts are guided by the well-known non-exclusive list of factors set forth in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 , 371–72 (Tex. 1976). “[T]he State need not prove all of the factors as a condition precedent to parental termination, ‘particularly if the evidence were undisputed that the parental relationship endangered the safety of the child.’” In re C.T.E., 95 S.W.3d 462 , 6 466 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2002)).

2026In assessing whether termination is in a child’s best interest, the courts are guided by the non-exclusive list of factors in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 , 371–72 (Tex. 1976). 4 “[T]he State need not prove all of the factors as a condition precedent to parental termination, ‘particularly if the evidence were undisputed that the parental relationship endangered the safety of the child.’” In re C.T.E., 95 S.W.3d 462, 466 (Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27 ).

4368
Theus v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1992 · cited in 29 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1998–2021
2 sentences

2015In Theus v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals set out a non-exclusive list of factors that courts should consider when determining whether the probative value of a prior conviction outweighs its prejudicial effect under Rule 609(a). 845 S.W.2d 874 , 880–81 (Tex. Crim.

2015In Them, the Court of Criminal Appeals set out a non-exclusive list of factors that courts should consider when determining whether the probative value of a prior conviction outweighs its prejudicial effect. 845 S.W.2d at 880 ; Davis, 259 S.W.3d at 782 .

829
Ervin v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1999 · cited in 13 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2026
2 sentences

2017A non-exclusive list of these factors was set forth by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in Ex parte Ervin, 991 S.W.2d 804, 814 (Tex. Crim.

2010In Ex parte Ervin v. State, 991 S.W.2d 804 (Tex.Crim.App.1999) we addressed the issue of double-jeopardy and legislative intent, and we "laid out a non-exclusive list of factors to consider when examining if two offenses are the same in the context of multiple punishment." Bigon v. State, 252 S.W.3d at 371 .

713
In Re CTEgreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 8 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2023–2026
2 sentences

2026In evaluating whether termination is in a child’s best interest, the courts are guided by the well-known non-exclusive list of factors set forth in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 , 371–72 (Tex. 1976). “[T]he State need not prove all of the factors as a condition precedent to parental termination, ‘particularly if the evidence were undisputed that the parental relationship endangered the safety of the child.’” In re C.T.E., 95 S.W.3d 462 , 6 466 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2002)).

2026In assessing whether termination is in a child’s best interest, the courts are guided by the non-exclusive list of factors in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 , 371–72 (Tex. 1976). 4 “[T]he State need not prove all of the factors as a condition precedent to parental termination, ‘particularly if the evidence were undisputed that the parental relationship endangered the safety of the child.’” In re C.T.E., 95 S.W.3d 462, 466 (Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27 ).

78
Keeton v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1987 · cited in 8 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–2019
2 sentences

2019He refers specifically to the non-exclusive list of factors enumerated in Suniga — 131 Keeton v. State, 724 S.W.2d 58, 61 (Tex. Crim.

2017He refers specifically to the non-exclusive list of factors enumerated in Keeton v. State, 724 S.W.2d 58, 61 (Tex. Crim.

78
Evans v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2006 · cited in 12 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2023
2 sentences

2018In Evans v. State, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals provided a non- exclusive list of factors that tend to establish a link between a defendant and a given quantity of illegal drugs. 202 S.W.3d 158 , 162 n.12 (Tex. Crim.

2011We review challenges to "knowing" possession and "intent to deliver" by reviewing various factors discussed in Evans v. State, 202 S.W.3d 158, 162 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006) (discussing a non-exclusive list of factors that Texas courts have recognized as sufficient, either singly or in combination, to establish possession of a controlled substance); Triplett v. State, 292 S.W.3d 205, 208-09 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2009, pet. ref'd) (discussing same); Olivarez v. State, 171 S.W.3d 283, 291 (Tex.App.-- Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.) (discussing same); and, Williams v. State, 902 S.W.2d 505, 507 (Tex.

612
In Re CHgreen
tex · 2002 · cited in 8 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2023–2026
2 sentences

2026In evaluating whether termination is in a child’s best interest, the courts are guided by the well-known non-exclusive list of factors set forth in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 , 371–72 (Tex. 1976). “[T]he State need not prove all of the factors as a condition precedent to parental termination, ‘particularly if the evidence were undisputed that the parental relationship endangered the safety of the child.’” In re C.T.E., 95 S.W.3d 462 , 6 466 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2002)).

2026In assessing whether termination is in a child’s best interest, the courts are guided by the non-exclusive list of factors in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 , 371–72 (Tex. 1976). 4 “[T]he State need not prove all of the factors as a condition precedent to parental termination, ‘particularly if the evidence were undisputed that the parental relationship endangered the safety of the child.’” In re C.T.E., 95 S.W.3d 462, 466 (Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27 ).

68
Olivarez v. Stategreen
texapp · 2005 · cited in 6 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2021
2 sentences

2011We review challenges to "knowing" possession and "intent to deliver" by reviewing various factors discussed in Evans v. State, 202 S.W.3d 158, 162 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006) (discussing a non-exclusive list of factors that Texas courts have recognized as sufficient, either singly or in combination, to establish possession of a controlled substance); Triplett v. State, 292 S.W.3d 205, 208-09 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2009, pet. ref'd) (discussing same); Olivarez v. State, 171 S.W.3d 283, 291 (Tex.App.-- Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.) (discussing same); and, Williams v. State, 902 S.W.2d 505, 507 (Tex.

2011We review challenges to "knowing" possession and "intent to deliver" by reviewing various factors discussed in Evans v. State, 202 S.W.3d 158, 162 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006) (discussing a non-exclusive list of factors that Texas courts have recognized as sufficient, either singly or in combination, to establish possession of a controlled substance); Triplett v. State, 292 S.W.3d 205, 208-09 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2009, pet. ref'd) (discussing same); Olivarez v. State, 171 S.W.3d 283, 291 (Tex.App.-- Houston [14[th] Dist.] 2005, no pet.) (discussing same); and, Williams v. State, 902 S.W.2d 505, 507 (Te

66
Whitsey v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1990 · cited in 10 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2011
2 sentences

2011Whitsey v. State, 796 S.W.2d 707 , 713-14 (Tex. Crim.

2005See Whitsey v. State , 796 S.W.2d 707 , 713 (Tex.Crim.App. 1989).

510
Murff v. Murffgreen
tex · 1981 · cited in 7 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2011
2 sentences

2011Murff, 615 S.W.2d at 699 .

2011Murff, 615 S.W.2d at 699 .

47
Reese v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2000 · cited in 5 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2009
2 sentences

2009See Reese v. State , 33 S.W.3d 238, 240-41 (Tex. Crim.

2007Reese v. State, 33 S.W.3d 238, 240-41 (Tex.Crim.

45
Villarreal Lopez v. Stategreen
texapp · 2008 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2021
2 sentences

2021See Evans, 202 S.W.3d at 162 n.12; see also Lopez v. State, 267 S.W.3d 85, 92 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.) (citing Lassaint v. State, 79 S.W.3d 736, 740-41 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.)).

2019See Lopez v. State, 267 S.W.3d 85, 92 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.) (citing Lassaint v. State, 79 S.W.3d Valadez v. State Page 4 736, 740-41 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.); see also Alexander v. State, No. 10- 12-00224-CR, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 9918 , at **9-10 (Tex. App.—Waco Aug. 8, 2013, pet. ref'd) (mem. op., not designated for publication).

44
Arthur Andersen & Co. v. Perry Equipment Corp.green
tex · 1997 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2019
2 sentences

2019Valley Citizens' Council , 478 U.S. at 566 , 106 S.Ct. 3088 (recognizing that "considerations concerning the quality of a prevailing party's counsel's representation normally are reflected in the reasonable hourly rate"); Arthur Andersen , 945 S.W.2d at 818-19 (explaining that for contingent fee cases, the jury must decide reasonable and necessary fees in light of the work performed in that case, and reflecting the non-exclusive list of factors, arriving at a specific dollar amount).

2014Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812, 818 (Tex.1997) (providing a non-exclusive list of factors for the factfinder to consider when determining the reasonableness of a fee).

44
Martinez v. City of San Antoniogreen
texapp · 2001 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2005
2 sentences

2005Martinez v. City of San Antonio , 40 S.W.3d 587, 591 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2001, pet. denied); Specialty Retailers , 29 S.W.3d at 145; Dickson Constr ., 5 S.W.3d at 356.

2003Martinez v. City of San Antonio, 40 S.W.3d 587, 591 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2001, pet. denied); Specialty Retailers, 29 S.W.3d at 145 ; Dickson Constr., 5 S.W.3d at 356 .

44
Johnson v. Stategreen
texapp · 1994 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2003–2005
2 sentences

2005See Johnson v. State , 879 S.W.2d 313, 316 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1994, no pet.) The Court of Criminal Appeals has articulated a non-exclusive list of factors for the trial court to consider in weighing race-neutral explanations.

2003See Johnson v. State , 879 S.W.2d 313, 316 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1994, no pet.) The Court of Criminal Appeals has articulated a non-exclusive list of factors for the trial court to consider in weighing race-neutral explanations.

44
Lassaint v. Stategreen
texapp · 2002 · cited in 10 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2021
2 sentences

2021See Evans, 202 S.W.3d at 162 n.12; see also Lopez v. State, 267 S.W.3d 85, 92 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.) (citing Lassaint v. State, 79 S.W.3d 736, 740-41 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.)).

2017See Lopez v. State, 267 S.W.3d 85, 92 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.) (citing Lassaint v. State, 79 S.W.3d 736, 740-41 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.); see also Alexander v. State, No. 10- 12-00224-CR, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 9918 , at **9-10 (Tex. App.—Waco Aug. 8, 2013, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication).

310
EI Du Pont De Nemours & Co. v. Robinsongreen
tex · 1996 · cited in 6 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2008
2 sentences

2008See Gammill , 972 S.W.2d at 720 (citing Robinson , 923 S.W.2d at 557 ); see also Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharms., Inc. , 509 U.S. 579, 593-95 , 113 S. Ct. 2786, 2796-98 , 125 L.

2005Robinson, 923 S.W.2d at 557 ; see Volkswagen of Am., Inc. v. Ramirez, No. 02-0557, 2004 WL 3019227, at *4 (Tex. 2004).

36
Norris v. Stategreen
texapp · 1990 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2018
2 sentences

2018See Norris v. State, 788 S.W.2d 65, 71 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1990, pet. ref’d); Buckley v. State, 758 S.W.2d 339 , 343–44 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1988), aff’d, 786 S.W.2d 357 (Tex. Crim.

2015See Norris v. State, 788 S.W.2d 65, 71 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1990, pet. ref’d); Buckley v. State, 758 S.W.2d 339 , 343–44 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1988), aff’d, 786 S.W.2d 357 (Tex. Crim.

33
Tuan Anh Dang v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2005 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2015
2 sentences

2015See id. at 621 .

2007In Dang v. State , the court of criminal appeals generated a non-exclusive list of factors to evaluate time limits on closing arguments under the abuse of discretion standard: (1) the quantity of the evidence, (2) the duration of the trial (3) conflicts in the testimony, (4) the seriousness of the offense, (5) the complexity of the case, (6) whether counsel used the time allotted efficiently, and (7) whether counsel set out what issues were not discussed because of the time limitation. 154 S.W.3d 616, 619, 621 (Tex. Crim.

23
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.green
scotus · 1993 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2008
23
In Re RRgreen
tex · 2006 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2024
22
Ernest Leyba v. Stategreen
texapp · 2013 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2019
22
Williams v. Stategreen
texapp · 1995 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
22
Triplett v. Stategreen
texapp · 2009 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
22
Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Havnergreen
tex · 1997 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
22
Poindexter v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
22
Volkswagen of America, Inc. v. Ramirezgreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
22
Pittsburgh Corning Corp. v. Waltersgreen
texapp · 1999 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
22
People v. Romerogreen
colo · 1987 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
22
Dinkins v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1995 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
22
Gammill v. Jack Williams Chevrolet, Inc.green
tex · 1998 · cited in 5 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2003–2008
2 sentences

2008See Gammill , 972 S.W.2d at 720 (citing Robinson , 923 S.W.2d at 557 ); see also Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharms., Inc. , 509 U.S. 579, 593-95 , 113 S. Ct. 2786, 2796-98 , 125 L.

2004The supreme court has identified a non-exclusive list of factors which can be considered in assessing the reliability of scientific evidence. 1 See Gammill , 972 S.W.2d at 720 ; see also Daubert , 509 U.S. at 593-95 , 113 S. Ct. at 2796-98 .

15
Dickson Construction, Inc. v. Fidelity & Deposit Co. of Marylandgreen
texapp · 1999 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2005
2 sentences

2005Martinez v. City of San Antonio , 40 S.W.3d 587, 591 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2001, pet. denied); Specialty Retailers , 29 S.W.3d at 145; Dickson Constr ., 5 S.W.3d at 356.

2003Martinez v. City of San Antonio, 40 S.W.3d 587, 591 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2001, pet. denied); Specialty Retailers, 29 S.W.3d at 145 ; Dickson Constr., 5 S.W.3d at 356 .

14
Joe v. Two Thirty Nine Joint Venturegreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2021
2 sentences

2021In determining whether a trial court abused its discretion in denying a motion for continuance seeking more time for discovery, we consider the following non-exclusive list of factors: “the length of time the case has been on file, the materiality and purpose of the discovery sought, and whether the party seeking the continuance has exercised due diligence to obtain the discovery sought.” Joe v. Two Thirty Nine Joint Venture, 145 S.W.3d 150, 161 (Tex. 2004).

2015McAleer, 394 S.W.3d at 617 . -To determine whether a trial court abused its discretion in denying a motion for continuance that seeks additional time for discovery, we consider the following non-exclusive list of factors: “the length of time the case has been on file, the materiality and purpose of the discovery sought, and whether the party seeking the continuance has exercised due diligence to obtain the discovery sought.” Joe, 145 S.W.3d at 161 .

13
Wright v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1999 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2015
2 sentences

2015Wright, 7 S.W.3d at 151-52 .

2014Wright, 7 S.W.3d at 151–52.

13
Specialty Retailers, Inc. v. Fuquagreen
texapp · 2000 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2003–2005
13
Benson, Yusulf Shaheedgreen
texcrimapp · 2015 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2017–2021
12
Low v. Henrygreen
tex · 2007 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2018
12
Granados v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2002 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2014
12
Morris v. Stategreen
texapp · 2001 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2011
12
In Re CAMMgreen
texapp · 2008 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
12

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (26)

CaseCitedYears
Jenkins v. State green
texapp · 2002
2 sentences

2008Lassaint, 79 S.W.3d at 741 ;3 Jenkins, 76 S.W.3d at 712-13 .

2008Lassaint , 79 S.W.3d at 741 ; (3) Jenkins , 76 S.W.3d at 712-13 .

62006–2008
Tate v. State green
texcrimapp · 2016
2 sentences

2026Id. at 414 .

2025Id. at 414 .

52019–2026
Kelly v. State green
texcrimapp · 1992
2 sentences

2015Kelly, 824 S.W.2d at 573 .

2015Kelly, 824 S.W.2d at 573 .

51994–2015
Bigon v. State green
texcrimapp · 2008
2 sentences

2010App. 1999) we addressed the issue of double- jeopardy and legislative intent, and we “laid out a non-exclusive list of factors to consider when examining if two offenses are the same in the context of multiple punishment.” Bigon v. State, 252 S.W.3d at 371 .

2010In Ex parte Ervin v. State, 991 S.W.2d 804 (Tex.Crim.App.1999) we addressed the issue of double-jeopardy and legislative intent, and we "laid out a non-exclusive list of factors to consider when examining if two offenses are the same in the context of multiple punishment." Bigon v. State, 252 S.W.3d at 371 .

42010–2016
Buckley v. State green
texapp · 1988
2 sentences

2018See Norris v. State, 788 S.W.2d 65, 71 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1990, pet. ref’d); Buckley v. State, 758 S.W.2d 339 , 343–44 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1988), aff’d, 786 S.W.2d 357 (Tex. Crim.

2015See Norris v. State, 788 S.W.2d 65, 71 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1990, pet. ref’d); Buckley v. State, 758 S.W.2d 339 , 343–44 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1988), aff’d, 786 S.W.2d 357 (Tex. Crim.

32014–2018
Buckley v. State green
texcrimapp · 1990
2 sentences

2018See Norris v. State, 788 S.W.2d 65, 71 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1990, pet. ref’d); Buckley v. State, 758 S.W.2d 339 , 343–44 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1988), aff’d, 786 S.W.2d 357 (Tex. Crim.

2015See Norris v. State, 788 S.W.2d 65, 71 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1990, pet. ref’d); Buckley v. State, 758 S.W.2d 339 , 343–44 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1988), aff’d, 786 S.W.2d 357 (Tex. Crim.

32014–2018
Davis v. State green
texapp · 2008
2 sentences

2015In Them, the Court of Criminal Appeals set out a non-exclusive list of factors that courts should consider when determining whether the probative value of a prior conviction outweighs its prejudicial effect. 845 S.W.2d at 880 ; Davis, 259 S.W.3d at 782 .

2015In Theus v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals set out a non-exclusive list of factors that courts should consider when determining whether the probative value of a prior conviction outweighs its prejudicial effect under Rule 609(a). 845 S.W.2d 874, 880-81 (Tex.Crim.App.1992); Davis, 259 S.W.3d at 782 .

32015–2015
Keeton v. State green
texcrimapp · 1988
21993–2015
Gilbert v. State green
texapp · 1994
22006–2006
Zani v. State red
texcrimapp · 1988
22004–2004
Esaw Lampkin v. State green
texapp · 2015
12024–2024
Gigliobianco v. State green
texcrimapp · 2006
12023–2023
Perry Homes v. Cull green
tex · 2008
12022–2022
G.T. Leach Builders, LLC v. Sapphire V.P., Lp green
tex · 2015
12022–2022
Rohrmoos Venture, Eric Langford, Dan Basso, and Tobin Grove v. Utsw DVA Healthcare, Llp green
tex · 2019
12022–2022
Williams v. State green
texapp · 2010
12020–2020
Pennsylvania v. Delaware Valley Citizens' Council for Clean Air green
scotus · 1986
12019–2019
Blackwell v. State green
texapp · 2006
12018–2018
Lifshutz v. Lifshutz green
texapp · 2006
12015–2015
Corbin v. State green
texcrimapp · 2002
12015–2015
Stephen Patrick McAleer v. Karen Christopher McAleer green
texapp · 2012
12015–2015
Gonzales v. State green
texcrimapp · 2012
12015–2015
Rakas v. Illinois green
scotus · 1979
12014–2014
Barley v. State green
texcrimapp · 1995
12014–2014
Scott v. State green
texcrimapp · 2007
12013–2013
Hargrove v. State green
texapp · 2006
12012–2012

Statutes the citing opinions construe

TX § Tex. Fam. Code § 161.001 (53) TX § Tex. Fam. Code § 109.002 (27) TX § Tex. Fam. Code § 101.007 (16) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 1.07 (13) TX § Tex. Fam. Code § 263.307 (11) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 22.02 (10) TX § Tex. Fam. Code § 161.206 (9) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 19.02 (8)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 241 (1991–2026) TN 41 (2000–2026) LA 39 (1989–2026) OH 27 (2000–2024) PA 23 (1993–2025) NJ 20 (2005–2026) MD 19 (1995–2024) MO 17 (1997–2025) CO 10 (2001–2025) MN 8 (2003–2016) WI 8 (2004–2025) AZ 7 (2007–2024) CA 7 (2014–2021) IA 7 (1999–2017) MI 7 (2016–2022) MS 6 (2005–2019) IN 6 (1996–2016) FL 6 (1997–2022) NM 5 (2003–2023) NY 4 (2023–2024) VT 3 (2011–2025) DE 3 (1990–2018) WV 3 (2000–2024) KY 3 (2004–2015) IL 2 (2021–2025) AK 2 (2005–2019) OR 2 (2014–2020) NH 2 (1992–2019) MT 2 (1994–2021) UT 2 (2015–2019) WY 2 (2025–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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