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20 Maryland opinions name it 3 courts 1986–2024 5 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Maryland courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Imbler v. Pachtmangreen2 sentences2021In Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 427 (1976), a case in which the Supreme Court held that prosecutors have the same absolute immunity under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights) that they have under common law, the Supreme Court explained that “the ultimate fairness” of the criminal justice system “could be weakened by subjecting prosecutors” to liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 , stating: Various post-trial procedures are available to determine whether an accused has received a fair trial. 2021In Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 427 (1976), a case in which the Supreme Court held that prosecutors have the same absolute immunity under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights) that they have under common law, the Supreme Court explained that “the ultimate fairness” of the criminal justice system “could be weakened by subjecting prosecutors” to liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 , stating: Various post-trial procedures are available to determine whether an accused has received a fair trial. | 3 | 7 |
District of Columbia v. Wesbygreen2 sentences2024The Supreme Court has held that the doctrine of qualified immunity “gives government officials breathing room to make reasonable but mistaken judgments, and protects all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law.” -9- Carroll v. Carman, 574 U.S. 13 , 17 (2014) (per curiam) (cleaned up) . “[O]fficers are entitled to qualified immunity under § 1983 unless (1) they violated a federal statutory or constitutional right, and (2) the unlawfulness of their conduct was clearly established at the time.” District of Columbia v. Wesby, 583 U.S. 48, 62-63 (2018) (cleaned up). “‘Cle 2024The Supreme Court has held that the doctrine of qualified immunity “gives government officials breathing room to make reasonable but mistaken judgments, and protects all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law.” -9- Carroll v. Carman, 574 U.S. 13 , 17 (2014) (per curiam) (cleaned up) . “[O]fficers are entitled to qualified immunity under § 1983 unless (1) they violated a federal statutory or constitutional right, and (2) the unlawfulness of their conduct was clearly established at the time.” District of Columbia v. Wesby, 583 U.S. 48, 62-63 (2018) (cleaned up). “‘Cle | 3 | 3 |
Tenney v. Brandhovegreen2 sentences1991For example, absolute immunity under § 1983 has been extended to legislators, Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 377 , 71 S.Ct. 783, 788 , 95 L.Ed. 1019, 1027 (1951), judges, Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 554-555 , 87 S.Ct. 1213, 1218 , 18 L.Ed.2d 288, 295 (1967), and prosecutors engaged in certain activity, Burns v. Reed, supra, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1934 , 114 L.Ed.2d 547 ; Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 427 , 96 S.Ct. 984, 993 , 47 L.Ed.2d 128, 142 (1976). 1991For example, absolute immunity under § 1983 has been extended to legislators, Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 377 , 71 S.Ct. 783, 788 , 95 L.Ed. 1019, 1027 (1951), judges, Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 554-555 , 87 S.Ct. 1213, 1218 , 18 L.Ed.2d 288, 295 (1967), and prosecutors engaged in certain activity, Burns v. Reed, supra, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1934 , 114 L.Ed.2d 547 ; Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 427 , 96 S.Ct. 984, 993 , 47 L.Ed.2d 128, 142 (1976). | 2 | 2 |
Pierson v. Rayred2 sentences1995The Court in DeFillippo relied, inter alia, for its exclusionary rule holding on Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 , 18 L.Ed.2d 288 (1967), a § 1983 immunity case. 1995The Court in DeFillippo relied, inter alia, for its exclusionary rule holding on Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 , 18 L.Ed.2d 288 (1967), a § 1983 immunity case. | 1 | 3 |
Harlow v. Fitzgeraldgreen2 sentences2000See Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 817-18 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2738 , 73 L.Ed.2d 396, 410 (1982); Shoemaker v. Smith, 353 Md. at 158-60 , 725 A.2d at 557-58 (discussing the Supreme Court’s abrogation of the subjective element for qualified immunity under § 1983 claims). 2000See Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 817-18 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2738 , 73 L.Ed.2d 396, 410 (1982); Shoemaker v. Smith, 353 Md. at 158-60 , 725 A.2d at 557-58 (discussing the Supreme Court’s abrogation of the subjective element for qualified immunity under § 1983 claims). | 1 | 2 |
Mireles v. Wacored2 sentences2019See Mireles v. Waco , 502 U.S. 9 , 9, 112 S.Ct. 286 , 116 L.Ed.2d 9 (1991) (per curiam). 2019See Mireles v. Waco , 502 U.S. 9 , 9, 112 S.Ct. 286 , 116 L.Ed.2d 9 (1991) (per curiam). | 1 | 1 |
Shoemaker v. Smithgreen2 sentences2000See Shoemaker, 353 Md. at 159 , 725 A.2d at 558 . 2000See Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 817-18 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2738 , 73 L.Ed.2d 396, 410 (1982); Shoemaker v. Smith, 353 Md. at 158-60 , 725 A.2d at 557-58 (discussing the Supreme Court’s abrogation of the subjective element for qualified immunity under § 1983 claims). | 1 | 1 |
Buckley v. Fitzsimmonsgreen2 sentences1995While the language of.§ 1983 itself does not expressly provide for immunities, the Supreme Court has held that “[cjertain immunities were so well established in 1871, when § 1983 was enacted, that ‘we presume that Congress would have specifically so provided had it wished to abolish’ them.” Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 113 S.Ct. 2606, 2613 , 125 L.Ed.2d 209, 222-223 (1993). 1995While the language of.§ 1983 itself does not expressly provide for immunities, the Supreme Court has held that “[cjertain immunities were so well established in 1871, when § 1983 was enacted, that ‘we presume that Congress would have specifically so provided had it wished to abolish’ them.” Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 113 S.Ct. 2606, 2613 , 125 L.Ed.2d 209, 222-223 (1993). | 1 | 1 |
Terry Whitman Shoultes, (87-1499/1575) Executive Art Studios, Inc., (87-1499) v. R. Bruce Laidlawgreen2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1 |
John A. Reed, Gerald G. Kaluzny, and Rbk, Ltd. v. Village of Shorewoodred2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1 |
Charles F. Cutting v. Robert Muzzeygreen2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1 |
Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hillsgreen2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1 |
Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valleygreen2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1 |
Aitchison v. Raffianigreen2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1 |
Healy v. Town of Pembroke Parkgreen2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Maryland. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Scheuer v. Rhodes
red
2 sentences1996No immunity exists under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 when a claim of personal liability is brought against a state official individually for conduct that deprives another of a federal right under color of state law. 416 U.S. at 238 . 1990The Supreme Court case marking the beginning of “the retreat,” Prosser § 132, from absolute immunity in § 1983 cases is Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232 , 94 S.Ct. 1683 , 40 L.Ed.2d 90 (1974), involving a state governor. | 3 | 1990–1996 |
Mandel v. O'HARA
green
2 sentences2019The Court reasoned that cases addressing the immunity of state or federal officials, in suits for alleged violations of the federal constitution under § 1983 or Bivens , "may be persuasive authority as to the Maryland common law of public official immunity in a state law, nonconstitutional tort action against a state official[.]" Mandel v. O'Hara , 320 Md. at 113 , 576 A.2d 766 . 2019For guidance, the Court looked to Supreme Court decisions on absolute immunity in § 1983 cases, which are intended to be " 'in harmony with general principles of tort immunities and defenses rather than in derogation of them.' " Id. at 113 , 576 A.2d 766 (quoting Imbler v. Pachtman , 424 U.S. 409 , 418, 96 S.Ct. 984 , 47 L.Ed.2d 128 (1976) ). | 2 | 1997–2019 |
Board of Education v. Alcrymat Corp. of America
green
2 sentences1986Bd. of Education v. Alcrymat Corp., supra, 258 Md. at 516 , 266 A.2d 349 . 1986Bd. of Education v. Alcrymat Corp., supra, 258 Md. at 516 , 266 A.2d 349 . | 2 | 1986–1986 |
Smith v. Wade
green
2 sentences2008The federal standard, which the Supreme Court has determined to be the intent of Congress, allows an award of punitive damages not only “when the defendant’s conduct is shown to be motivated by evil motive or intent,” Smith v. Wade, 461 U.S. at 56 , 103 S.Ct. 1625 , which accords with Maryland’s actual malice standard, but also when the defendant’s conduct “involves reckless or callous indifference to the federally protected rights of others,” which is akin to implied malice. 2008The federal standard, which the Supreme Court has determined to be the intent of Congress, allows an award of punitive damages not only “when the defendant’s conduct is shown to be motivated by evil motive or intent,” Smith v. Wade, 461 U.S. at 56 , 103 S.Ct. 1625 , which accords with Maryland’s actual malice standard, but also when the defendant’s conduct “involves reckless or callous indifference to the federally protected rights of others,” which is akin to implied malice. | 1 | 2008–2008 |
COUNTY EXEC., PRINCE GEO'S CTY. v. Doe
green
2 sentences2008The County Executive II Court concluded, 300 Md. at 456 , 479 A.2d 352 : “If the § 1988 fee provision is part of the § 1983 remedy, as the Supreme Court held, it follows that the standards under § 1988 for determining when the fee should be awarded are likewise part of the § 1983 remedy.” Applying County Executive II, we cannot say that the availability of punitive damages under § 1983 is not a “part of the § 1983 remedy.” It follows that Maryland courts ordinarily must apply federal standards in § 1983 actions with respect to punitive damages. 2008The County Executive II Court concluded, 300 Md. at 456 , 479 A.2d 352 : “If the § 1988 fee provision is part of the § 1983 remedy, as the Supreme Court held, it follows that the standards under § 1988 for determining when the fee should be awarded are likewise part of the § 1983 remedy.” Applying County Executive II, we cannot say that the availability of punitive damages under § 1983 is not a “part of the § 1983 remedy.” It follows that Maryland courts ordinarily must apply federal standards in § 1983 actions with respect to punitive damages. | 1 | 2008–2008 |
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company v. BALTIMORE STEAM COMPANY
green
1 sentence2000The good and evil intentions of the official play no direct role in this analysis. *290 Id. at 159, 725 A.2d 549 . | 1 | 2000–2000 |
Davis v. DiPino
green
1 sentence2000Id. at 290, 637 A.2d 475 . | 1 | 2000–2000 |
Davis v. Scherer
green
2 sentences1998In § 1983 actions where qualified immunity is at issue, it has been the rule that the plaintiff bears the burden of showing that the fact-specific constitutional right allegedly violated was clearly established at the time of the incident since Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183 , 104 S.Ct. 3012 , 82 L.Ed.2d 139 (1984), ... 1998In § 1983 actions where qualified immunity is at issue, it has been the rule that the plaintiff bears the burden of showing that the fact-specific constitutional right allegedly violated was clearly established at the time of the incident since Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183 , 104 S.Ct. 3012 , 82 L.Ed.2d 139 (1984), ... | 1 | 1998–1998 |
Owen v. City of Independence
green
2 sentences1995Owen v. City of Independence, supra, 445 U.S. at 657 , 100 S.Ct. at 1418-1419 , 63 L.Ed.2d at 697 . 1995Owen v. City of Independence, supra, 445 U.S. at 657 , 100 S.Ct. at 1418-1419 , 63 L.Ed.2d at 697 . | 1 | 1995–1995 |
Burns v. Reed
green
2 sentences1991For example, absolute immunity under § 1983 has been extended to legislators, Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 377 , 71 S.Ct. 783, 788 , 95 L.Ed. 1019, 1027 (1951), judges, Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 554-555 , 87 S.Ct. 1213, 1218 , 18 L.Ed.2d 288, 295 (1967), and prosecutors engaged in certain activity, Burns v. Reed, supra, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1934 , 114 L.Ed.2d 547 ; Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 427 , 96 S.Ct. 984, 993 , 47 L.Ed.2d 128, 142 (1976). 1991For example, absolute immunity under § 1983 has been extended to legislators, Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 377 , 71 S.Ct. 783, 788 , 95 L.Ed. 1019, 1027 (1951), judges, Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 554-555 , 87 S.Ct. 1213, 1218 , 18 L.Ed.2d 288, 295 (1967), and prosecutors engaged in certain activity, Burns v. Reed, supra, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1934 , 114 L.Ed.2d 547 ; Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 427 , 96 S.Ct. 984, 993 , 47 L.Ed.2d 128, 142 (1976). | 1 | 1991–1991 |
Bradley v. Fisher
green
2 sentences1990And see Bradley v. Fisher, 13 Wall. 335 , 20 L.Ed. 646 (1872). 1990And see Bradley v. Fisher, 13 Wall. 335 , 20 L.Ed. 646 (1872). | 1 | 1990–1990 |
Shultz v. Sundberg
green
2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1990–1990 |
City of Burbank v. Cinevision Corp.
green
2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1990–1990 |
Butz v. Economou
green
2 sentences1990The meaning of Scheuer v. Rhodes, supra, was considerably clarified, or, at least, the apparent sweep of the opinion was considerably narrowed, in Butz v. Economou, 438 U.S. 478 , 98 S.Ct. 2894 , 57 L.Ed.2d 895 (1978). 1990The meaning of Scheuer v. Rhodes, supra, was considerably clarified, or, at least, the apparent sweep of the opinion was considerably narrowed, in Butz v. Economou, 438 U.S. 478 , 98 S.Ct. 2894 , 57 L.Ed.2d 895 (1978). | 1 | 1990–1990 |
| Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank green | 1 | 1990–1990 |
Schultz v. Sundberg
green
2 sentences1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 1990See Shoultes v. Laidlaw, 886 F.2d 114, 117 (6th Cir.1989); Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); Cinevision Corp. v. City of Burbank, 745 F.2d 560 , 577 n. 22 (9th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 471 U.S. 1054 , 105 S.Ct. 2115 , 85 L.Ed.2d 480 (1985); Cutting v. Muzzey, 724 F.2d 259, 262 (1st Cir.1984); Aitchison v. Raffiani, 708 F.2d 96, 99 (3d Cir.1983); Reed v. Village of Shorewood, 704 F.2d 943, 952 (7th Cir.1983); Goldberg v. Village of Spring Valley, 538 F.Supp. 646, 648 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Searingtown Corp. v. Incorporated Village of North Hills, 575 F.Supp. 1295, 1296 | 1 | 1990–1990 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.