public safety exception in Texas

21 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1988–2021 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (22)

Case	Followed	Cited
New York v. Quarlesgreen scotus · 1984 · cited in 9 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1988–2021 2 sentences 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether	6	9
Russell v. Stategreen texapp · 2007 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2019 2 sentences 2019See Russell v. State, 215 S.W.3d 531, 534 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, pet. ref’d). 2015New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649, 655-57 (1984); Russell v. State, 215 S.W.3d 531, 534 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, pet. ref’d).	2	2
Martin v. Department of Public Safetygreen texapp · 1998 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 2 sentences 2015See Martin v. Department of Public Safety, 964 S.W.2d 772, 773 (Tex. App.—Austin 1998, no pet.). 2015See Martin v. Department of Public Safety, 964 S.W.2d 772, 773 (Tex.App.--Austin 1998, no pet.).	2	2
Michigan v. Bryantgreen scotus · 2011 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 2 sentences 2012See Michigan v. Bryant, - U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 1143 , 1156 n. 7, 179 L.Ed.2d 93 (2011) (discussing Court’s rejection of subjective inquiries in other criminal-law contexts). 16 . 2012See Michigan v. Bryant, - U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 1143 , 1156 n. 7, 179 L.Ed.2d 93 (2011) (discussing Court’s rejection of subjective inquiries in other criminal-law contexts). 16 .	2	2
Bryant v. Stategreen texapp · 1991 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2019 2 sentences 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether	1	2
Rhode Island v. Innisgreen scotus · 1980 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1991–2006 2 sentences 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether	1	2
Tarrant Appraisal District v. Mooregreen tex · 1993 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 2 sentences 2001Indeed, correspondence attached to the Department of Public Safety’s brief indicates that the department has so interpreted the statutory scheme since at least 1984.7 “Construction of a statute by the administrative agency charged with its enforcement is entitled to serious consideration, so long as the construction is reasonable and does not contradict the plain language of the statute.” Tarrant Appraisal Dist. v. Moore, 845 S.W.2d 820, 823 (Tex. 1993); see also Rylander v. B&A Mktg. 2001Moore , 845 S.W.2d 820 , 823 (Tex. 1993); see also Rylander v .	1	2
St. Joseph's Hospital & Medical Center v. Maricopa Countygreen ariz · 1984 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990 2 sentences 1990Medical Center v. Maricopa County, 688 P.2d 986 , 991 (Ariz. 1984) stated that, though the terms residence and domicile are not synonymous at common law, that jurisdiction at least had "generally treated the statutory usage of the term `residence' as carrying the same connotations as the term `domicile.'" See also 37 T.A.C. § 15.1 (2), (3) (the Department of Public Safety rule equating residence with domicile for purposes of driver's license requirements); Attorney General Opinion JM-1212 (1990) (discussion of the meaning of the term "residence" in provisions of Government Code section 496.054 1990Joseoh's Hosv. & Medical Center v. Maricova County 688 P.2d 986, 991 (Ariz. 1984) stated that, though the te&ns residence and domicile are not synonymous at common law, that jurisdiction at least had "generally treated the statutory usage of the term 'residence' as carrying the same connotations as the term 'domicile.'" See also 37 T.A.C. 5 15.1(Z), (3) (the Department of Public Safety rule equating residence with domicile for purposes of driver's license requirements); Attorney General Opinion JM-1212 (1990) (discussion of the meaning of the term Vesidence" in provisions of Government Code se	1	2
Montejo v. Louisianagreen scotus · 2009 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 1 sentence 2021Montejo v. Louisiana, 556 U.S. 778, 786 (2009).	1	1
DeLeon v. Stategreen texapp · 1988 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 2 sentences 2021App. 1986); DeLeon v. State, 758 S.W.2d 621 , 624–25 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no pet.) The United States Supreme Court created a public safety exception to Miranda. 2021Quarles, 467 U.S. at 655–57; see DeLeon, 758 S.W.2d at 625 . d.	1	1
Timothy Hutchison v. Stategreen texapp · 2014 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 1 sentence 2021See Quarles, 467 U.S. at 655–57; see also Hutchison v. State, 424 S.W.3d 164, 180 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2014, no pet.).	1	1
Illinois v. Perkinsgreen scotus · 1990 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 1 sentence 2019See New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 , 655– 57 (1984) (public safety exception); Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292, 294 (1990) (Miranda warnings not required because suspect unaware he or she was dealing with state officials); Alford v. State, 358 S.W.3d 647, 660 (Tex. Crim.	1	1
State v. Stevensongreen texapp · 1990 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 1 sentence 2019See id.	1	1
Alford, Cecil Edwardgreen texcrimapp · 2012 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 1 sentence 2019See New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 , 655– 57 (1984) (public safety exception); Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292, 294 (1990) (Miranda warnings not required because suspect unaware he or she was dealing with state officials); Alford v. State, 358 S.W.3d 647, 660 (Tex. Crim.	1	1
Gassaway v. Stategreen texcrimapp · 1997 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 1 sentence 2019See Gassaway, 957 S.W.2d at 51 .	1	1
Lehmann v. Har-Con Corp.red tex · 2001 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018 1 sentence 2018The trial court’s order does not dispose of Rios’s petition for expunction, and his petition remains pending in the trial court. -2- 04-17-00652-CV In response to our show cause order, 1 Rios argues that all his claims have been disposed by the trial court and thus the order is a final, appealable order under Lehmann v. Har-Con Corp., 39 S.W.3d 191, 200 (Tex. 2001).	1	1
Texas Department of Public Safety v. Cox Texas Newspapers, L.P.green tex · 2011 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 1 sentence 2015Safety v. Cox Tex. Newspapers, L.P., 343 S.W.3d 112, 119 (Tex. 2011) (noting, in a discussion of a public safety exception to the PIA that “[t]he dividing line between disclosure and restraint must be determined by proof”).	1	1
Hughes v. Stategreen md · 1997 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 1 sentence 2012Va. 2010) (asking whether defendant owned a vehicle not a booking question because not necessary to "fill out appropriate booking paperwork or comply with required booking procedures"); Hughes v. State , 695 A.2d 132, 141 (Md. 1997) (questions as to appellant's "narcotics or drug use" not administrative). 15. 15 Appellant cites several areas of law requiring objective judicial inquiry, including search - and - seizure law , Brady analysis, and the public-safety exception to Miranda .	1	1
Jones v. Stategreen texcrimapp · 1990 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 2 sentences 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether	1	1
United States v. Salvatore Castellana, A/K/A Sam Castellanagreen ca5 · 1974 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 1 sentence 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether	1	1
Shepherd v. Stategreen texapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 1 sentence 2006Ann. art. 38.22, § 5. 24: Rhode Island v. Innis , 446 U.S. 291, 301 , 100 S. Ct. 1682, 1689-90 (1980); Shepherd v. State , 915 S.W.2d 177, 179 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, pet. ref’d). 25: Jones , 795 S.W.2d at 174 . 26: See id. at 174 n.3; see also New York v. Quarles , 467 U.S. 649 , 655 104 S. Ct. 2626, 2631 (1984); Bryant v. State , 816 S.W.2d 554, 557 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1991, no pet.) (both recognizing the public safety exception to Miranda ). 27: See U.S. v. Castellana , 500 F.2d 325, 326 (5th Cir. 1974) (stating that defendant’s unwarned response to an officer’s question about whether	1	1
Rylander v. B & a Marketing Co. Ex Rel. Atlantic Richfield Co.green texapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001Co., 997 S.W.2d 326,331 (Tex. App.-Austin 1999, no pet.); Tex. Att’y Gen.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (3)

Case	Cited	Years
City of San Angelo Fire Department v. Hudson green texapp · 2005 1 sentence 2019The trial court denied the Texas Department of Public Safety’s plea to the jurisdiction, and the court of appeals 1 Cf. City of San Angelo v. Hudson, 179 S.W.3d 695 , 700–01 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005, no pet.) (holding good faith conclusively proven where undisputed evidence established fire truck was using emergency lights, siren, and air horn as it approached intersection and the driver testified he was driving below speed limit and considered stopping at intersection but, after looking both ways and observing that traffic had yielded to his fire truck and evaluating need for a prompt response	1	2019–2019
Benard v. State green texcrimapp · 1972 1 sentence 1997The DIC-23, if properly filled out, should list all of the statutory elements necessary to sustain a revocation. [4] Appellee's reliance upon Benard v. State, 481 S.W.2d 427 (Tex.Crim.App.1972)(opinion on rehearing), is misplaced.	1	1997–1997
Jones v. State green texcrimapp · 1987 1 sentence 1991Bryant relies primarily on Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291 , 100 S.Ct. 1682 , 64 L.Ed.2d 297 (1980) and Jones v. State, 742 S.W.2d 398 (Tex.Crim.App.1987).	1	1991–1991

Where else courts name it

CA 56 (1987–2026) NY 35 (1986–2026) OH 25 (1999–2023) PA 23 (1990–2025) TX 21 (1988–2021) NJ 15 (1988–2025) KS 14 (1990–2026) CT 13 (1990–2016) MA 12 (1996–2025) AZ 12 (1989–2024) MI 12 (2001–2023) IL 9 (1988–2025) OR 8 (1985–2026) CO 8 (2007–2025) NM 8 (1990–2024) KY 7 (2008–2023) WA 7 (1985–2026) DC 7 (1995–2015) VA 7 (1993–2023) IA 7 (1994–2024) NC 6 (1989–2016) ME 6 (1993–2023) WI 6 (1979–2014) MN 6 (1992–2015) OK 4 (2006–2019) MO 4 (1988–2018) FL 4 (1997–2016) WY 3 (2004–2021) WV 3 (2018–2025) MS 2 (2011–2024) DE 2 (2020–2023) NH 2 (1994–2015) UT 2 (1997–2025) IN 2 (2002–2015) SC 2 (2016–2022) GA 2 (2024–2024) MD 2 (1999–2012)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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