Blockburger test (Washington) · Go Syfert
← Washington issues

Blockburger test in Washington

133 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1982–2026 22 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (32)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Callegreen
wash · 1995 · cited in 37 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1995–2026
2 sentences

2026Second, “[i]f the legislative intent is unclear, we may then turn to the ‘same evidence’ Blockburger test, which asks if the crimes are the same in law and in fact.” Id. (quoting State v. Calle, 125 Wn.2d 769, 776 , 888 P.2d 155 (1995)) (citing Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 304 (1932)).

2026Second, “[i]f the legislative intent is unclear, we may then turn to the ‘same evidence’ Blockburger test, which asks if the crimes are the same in law and in fact.” Id. (quoting State v. Calle, 125 Wn.2d 769, 776 , 888 P.2d 155 (1995)) (citing Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 304 (1932)).

1237
Blockburger v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1931 · cited in 78 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1982–2026
2 sentences

2026Second, “[i]f the legislative intent is unclear, we may then turn to the ‘same evidence’ Blockburger test, which asks if the crimes are the same in law and in fact.” Id. (quoting State v. Calle, 125 Wn.2d 769, 776 , 888 P.2d 155 (1995)) (citing Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 304 (1932)).

2026The Blockburger test focuses on the statutory elements of each offense “because the double jeopardy clause does not 4 Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S. Ct. 180 , 76 L.

1078
United States v. Dixongreen
scotus · 1993 · cited in 9 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1994–2025
2 sentences

2005"The Fifth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment." Gocken, 127 Wash.2d at 100 , 896 P.2d 1267 (citing Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969)). [4] See Calle 125 Wash.2d at 777 , 888 P.2d 155 ; State v. Roybal, 82 Wash.2d 577, 580-81 , 512 P.2d 718 (1973); Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932). [5] United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 , 113 S.Ct. 2849 , 125 L.Ed.2d 556 (1993) (reestablishing the Blockburger test and overruling the "same conduct" test embraced three years prior in Grady v.

2005"The Fifth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment." Gocken, 127 Wash.2d at 100 , 896 P.2d 1267 (citing Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969)). [4] See Calle 125 Wash.2d at 777 , 888 P.2d 155 ; State v. Roybal, 82 Wash.2d 577, 580-81 , 512 P.2d 718 (1973); Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932). [5] United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 , 113 S.Ct. 2849 , 125 L.Ed.2d 556 (1993) (reestablishing the Blockburger test and overruling the "same conduct" test embraced three years prior in Grady v.

69
State v. Freemangreen
wash · 2005 · cited in 28 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2006–2025
2 sentences

2025Id. at 777 . 8 No. 58818-8-II There are some circumstances for which the Blockburger test is not dispositive of legislative intent regarding whether two offenses should be punished separately.

2025Id. at 777 . 8 No. 58818-8-II There are some circumstances for which the Blockburger test is not dispositive of legislative intent regarding whether two offenses should be punished separately.

428
In re the Personal Restraint of Orangegreen
wash · 2004 · cited in 23 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2026
2 sentences

2025Therefore, in cases “‘where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions,’” the Blockburger test is “‘applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one.’” Orange, 152 Wn.2d at 817 (emphasis omitted) (quoting Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 ).

2025Therefore, in cases “‘where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions,’” the Blockburger test is “‘applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one.’” Orange, 152 Wn.2d at 817 (emphasis omitted) (quoting Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 ).

423
State v. Arndtgreen
wash · 2019 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2025–2026
2 sentences

2026Ray, 5 Wn.3d at 368 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Arndt, 194 Wn.2d at 815 ). 7 See generally Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S. Ct. 180 , 76 L.

2026Ray, 5 Wn.3d at 368 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Arndt, 194 Wn.2d at 815 ). 7 See generally Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S. Ct. 180 , 76 L.

45
In re the Personal Restraint of Borrerogreen
wash · 2007 · cited in 7 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2010–2026
2 sentences

2025Under the controlling Blockburger test, “double jeopardy principles are violated if the defendant is convicted of offenses that are identical in fact and in law.” Borrero, 161 Wn.2d at 537 .

2023See id. at 536-38 (applying the Blockburger test where the defendant argued that his convictions for attempted first degree murder and first degree kidnapping violated double jeopardy).

37
Morey v. Commonwealthgreen
mass · 1871 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2004–2025
2 sentences

2005Calle, 125 Wn.2d at 777 ; Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 (establishing “same evidence” or “same elements” test); State v. Reiff, 14 Wash. 664, 667 , 45 P. 318 (1896) (double jeopardy violated when “ ‘the evidence required to support a conviction [of one crime] would have been sufficient to warrant a conviction upon the other’ ”) (quoting Morey v. Commonwealth, 108 Mass. 433, 434 (1871)). ¶13 When applying the Blockburger test, we do not consider the elements of the crime on an abstract level. “ ‘[W]here the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the

2005Calle, 125 Wn.2d at 777 ; Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 (establishing “same evidence” or “same elements” test); State v. Reiff, 14 Wash. 664, 667 , 45 P. 318 (1896) (double jeopardy violated when “ ‘the evidence required to support a conviction [of one crime] would have been sufficient to warrant a conviction upon the other’ ”) (quoting Morey v. Commonwealth, 108 Mass. 433, 434 (1871)). ¶13 When applying the Blockburger test, we do not consider the elements of the crime on an abstract level. “ ‘[W]here the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the

35
State v. Gockengreen
wash · 1995 · cited in 6 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1995–2018
2 sentences

2018Ed. 2d 548 (1990)).2 The “same elements” test considers whether each offense contains a different element than the other: “The applicable rule is that where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whether each provision requires proof of a fact which the other does not.” Gocken, 127 Wn.2d at 101 (quoting Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 ). 2 The Blockburger test was the standard test for almost 60 years until Grady.

2018Ed. 2d 548 (1990)).2 The “same elements” test considers whether each offense contains a different element than the other: “The applicable rule is that where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whether each provision requires proof of a fact which the other does not.” Gocken, 127 Wn.2d at 101 (quoting Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 ). 2 The Blockburger test was the standard test for almost 60 years until Grady.

26
State v. Valentinegreen
washctapp · 2001 · cited in 4 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2004–2007
2 sentences

2007Similarly, the Court of Appeals held in State v. Valentine, 108 Wn.

2007Similarly, the Court of Appeals held in State v. Valentine, 108 Wn.

24
Whalen v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 3 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2004–2025
2 sentences

2025As detailed below, the Blockburger test “compare[s] the elements of the two offenses at issue to determine whether they are the same—the assumption being that the legislature ‘ordinarily does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes.’” Muhammad, 194 Wn.2d at 618 (opinion of Gordon McCloud, J.) (quoting Whalen, 445 U.S. at 691-92 ).

2025As detailed below, the Blockburger test “compare[s] the elements of the two offenses at issue to determine whether they are the same—the assumption being that the legislature ‘ordinarily does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes.’” Muhammad, 194 Wn.2d at 618 (opinion of Gordon McCloud, J.) (quoting Whalen, 445 U.S. at 691-92 ).

23
Burt v. Rashadgreen
scotus · 1998 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
22
Dwight Rashad v. Sherry Burtgreen
ca6 · 1997 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
22
Illinois v. Vitalegreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1992–1995
22
State v. Kiergreen
wash · 2008 · cited in 8 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2010–2026
2 sentences

2026Second, “[i]f the legislative intent is unclear, we may then turn to the ‘same evidence’ Blockburger test, which asks if the crimes are the same in law and in fact.” Id. (quoting State v. Calle, 125 Wn.2d 769, 776 , 888 P.2d 155 (1995)) (citing Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 304 (1932)).

2011Kelley, 168 Wash.2d at 77 , 226 P.3d 773 ("If, however, such clear legislative intent is absent, then the Blockburger test applies ... the Blockburger test is a rule of statutory construction applied to discern legislative purpose in the absence of clear indications of contrary legislative intent. ") Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 ("We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved.

18
State v. Roybalgreen
wash · 1973 · cited in 8 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1982–2024
2 sentences

2005"The Fifth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment." Gocken, 127 Wash.2d at 100 , 896 P.2d 1267 (citing Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969)). [4] See Calle 125 Wash.2d at 777 , 888 P.2d 155 ; State v. Roybal, 82 Wash.2d 577, 580-81 , 512 P.2d 718 (1973); Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932). [5] United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 , 113 S.Ct. 2849 , 125 L.Ed.2d 556 (1993) (reestablishing the Blockburger test and overruling the "same conduct" test embraced three years prior in Grady v.

2005"The Fifth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment." Gocken, 127 Wash.2d at 100 , 896 P.2d 1267 (citing Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969)). [4] See Calle 125 Wash.2d at 777 , 888 P.2d 155 ; State v. Roybal, 82 Wash.2d 577, 580-81 , 512 P.2d 718 (1973); Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932). [5] United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 , 113 S.Ct. 2849 , 125 L.Ed.2d 556 (1993) (reestablishing the Blockburger test and overruling the "same conduct" test embraced three years prior in Grady v.

18
State v. Pottergreen
washctapp · 1982 · cited in 6 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1982–2023
2 sentences

2023We went on to express concern about “the efficacy of the Blockburger test when the result turns on such subtle distinctions.” Id.

2017Potter is unique in that the court overlooked clear indicia of contrary legislative intent by an improper application of the Blockburger test.4 Potter involved consecutive sentences for reckless driving and reckless endangerment. 31 Wn.

16
State v. Reiffgreen
wash · 1896 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2004–2024
2 sentences

2024The fact that the State did argue that Harrington was the target of Tiley’s maliciousness does not change the Blockburger test or our conclusion that, “‘the 13 No. 85668-5-I/14 evidence required to support a conviction upon one of [the charged crimes] would have been sufficient to warrant a conviction upon the other.’” Orange, 152 Wn.2d at 820 (second emphasis added) (alteration in original) (quoting State v. Reiff, 14 Wash. at 667 ).

2024The fact that the State did argue that Harrington was the target of Tiley’s maliciousness does not change the Blockburger test or our conclusion that, “‘the 13 No. 85668-5-I/14 evidence required to support a conviction upon one of [the charged crimes] would have been sufficient to warrant a conviction upon the other.’” Orange, 152 Wn.2d at 820 (second emphasis added) (alteration in original) (quoting State v. Reiff, 14 Wash. at 667 ).

15
Grady v. Corbinred
scotus · 1990 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1991–2005
2 sentences

2005"The Fifth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment." Gocken, 127 Wash.2d at 100 , 896 P.2d 1267 (citing Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969)). [4] See Calle 125 Wash.2d at 777 , 888 P.2d 155 ; State v. Roybal, 82 Wash.2d 577, 580-81 , 512 P.2d 718 (1973); Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932). [5] United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 , 113 S.Ct. 2849 , 125 L.Ed.2d 556 (1993) (reestablishing the Blockburger test and overruling the "same conduct" test embraced three years prior in Grady v.

2005"The Fifth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment." Gocken, 127 Wash.2d at 100 , 896 P.2d 1267 (citing Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969)). [4] See Calle 125 Wash.2d at 777 , 888 P.2d 155 ; State v. Roybal, 82 Wash.2d 577, 580-81 , 512 P.2d 718 (1973); Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932). [5] United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 , 113 S.Ct. 2849 , 125 L.Ed.2d 556 (1993) (reestablishing the Blockburger test and overruling the "same conduct" test embraced three years prior in Grady v.

15
State v. Hughesgreen
wash · 2009 · cited in 4 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2013–2014
2 sentences

2014Therefore the two offenses in Smith were not 35 Smith, 177Wn.2dat538. 36 Smith. 177Wn.2dat545. 37 Smith, 177Wn.2dat546. 38 166 Wn.2d 675, 679 , 212 P.3d 558 (2009). 39 Hughes, 166 Wn.2d at 683-84. -9- No. 67558-3-1/10 the same in law.40 The court also found State v. Calle41 "a close analogue."42 In Calle. the court held that the defendant's separate convictions for incest and second degree rape arising from the same act of intercourse did not violate double jeopardy.43 The court reasoned that the crimes were not the same in law under the Blockburger test because "[ijncest requires proof of rel

2014Therefore the two offenses in Smith were not 35 Smith, 177Wn.2dat538. 36 Smith. 177Wn.2dat545. 37 Smith, 177Wn.2dat546. 38 166 Wn.2d 675, 679 , 212 P.3d 558 (2009). 39 Hughes, 166 Wn.2d at 683-84. -9- No. 67558-3-1/10 the same in law.40 The court also found State v. Calle41 "a close analogue."42 In Calle. the court held that the defendant's separate convictions for incest and second degree rape arising from the same act of intercourse did not violate double jeopardy.43 The court reasoned that the crimes were not the same in law under the Blockburger test because "[ijncest requires proof of rel

14
State v. Kelleygreen
wash · 2010 · cited in 4 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2011–2013
2 sentences

2011Kelley, 168 Wash.2d at 77 , 226 P.3d 773 ("If, however, such clear legislative intent is absent, then the Blockburger test applies ... the Blockburger test is a rule of statutory construction applied to discern legislative purpose in the absence of clear indications of contrary legislative intent. ") Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 ("We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved.

2011Kelley, 168 Wash.2d at 77 , 226 P.3d 773 ("If, however, such clear legislative intent is absent, then the Blockburger test applies ... the Blockburger test is a rule of statutory construction applied to discern legislative purpose in the absence of clear indications of contrary legislative intent. ") Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 ("We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved.

14
State v. O'CONNORgreen
washctapp · 1997 · cited in 3 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2002–2024
2 sentences

2024See State v. O’Connor, 87 Wn.

2024See State v. O’Connor, 87 Wn.

13
State v. Frohsgreen
washctapp · 1996 · cited in 3 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2006–2023
2 sentences

2006App. 803, 807 , 924 P.2d 384 (1996) (citing State v. Johnson, 92 Wn.2d 671, 680 , 600 P.2d 1249 (1979)).[ 6 ] We review Beaver’s constitutional challenges de novo 6 7 and may do so for the first time on appeal. 8 Attempted First Degree Robbery and Second Degree Assault ¶11 Beaver contends his convictions for attempted first degree robbery and second degree assault violate double jeopardy under both the Blockburger test and the merger doctrine.

2006App. 803, 807 , 924 P.2d 384 (1996) (citing State v. Johnson, 92 Wn.2d 671, 680 , 600 P.2d 1249 (1979)).[ 6 ] We review Beaver’s constitutional challenges de novo 6 7 and may do so for the first time on appeal. 8 Attempted First Degree Robbery and Second Degree Assault ¶11 Beaver contends his convictions for attempted first degree robbery and second degree assault violate double jeopardy under both the Blockburger test and the merger doctrine.

13
State v. Valentinegreen
washctapp · 2001 · cited in 3 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2012
13
State v. Louisgreen
wash · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2021–2025
12
State v. Louisgreen
wash · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2021–2025
12
State v. Nystagreen
washctapp · 2012 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2014–2025
12
State v. MANDANASgreen
washctapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
State v. Schwabgreen
washctapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
United States v. McLaughlin, Ricogreen
cadc · 1998 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Waller v. Georgiagreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court of Cal., Riverside Cty.green
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (48)

CaseCitedYears
In Re Orange green
wash · 2005
2 sentences

2010Restraint of Orange, 152 Wash.2d 795, 815 , 100 P.3d 291 (2004))). ¶ 13 This court recently explained the framework for determining legislative intent in Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 : We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved. [ State v. Calle, 125 Wash.2d 769, 776 , 888 P.2d 155 (1995).] If the legislative intent is unclear, we may then turn to the "same evidence" Blockburger test, which asks if the crimes are the same in law and in fact.

2010Restraint of Orange, 152 Wn.2d 795, 815 , 100 P.3d 291 (2004))). ¶13 This court recently explained the framework for determining legislative intent in Kier: We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved. [State v. Calle, 125 Wn.2d 769, 776 , 888 P.2d 155 (1995).] If the legislative intent is unclear, we may then turn to the “same evidence” Blockburger test, which asks if the crimes are the same in law and in fact.

112005–2020
State v. Freeman green
wash · 2005
2 sentences

2015A court that enters multiple convictions for the same offense violates both the federal and state constitutional guaranty against double jeopardy.1 Whether two offenses are considered separate offenses hinges upon legislative intent.2 To determine legislative intent, we first consider any express or implicit representations of legislative intent.3 In the case of first degree robbery and second degree assault, our courts have recognized that this inquiry "is a dead end; the relevant statutes provide no express or implicit representations."4 We next consider the Blockburger test, the merger doct

2015A court that enters multiple convictions for the same offense violates both the federal and state constitutional guaranty against double jeopardy.1 Whether two offenses are considered separate offenses hinges upon legislative intent.2 To determine legislative intent, we first consider any express or implicit representations of legislative intent.3 In the case of first degree robbery and second degree assault, our courts have recognized that this inquiry "is a dead end; the relevant statutes provide no express or implicit representations."4 We next consider the Blockburger test, the merger doct

92006–2025
Brown v. Ohio green
scotus · 1977
2 sentences

2025We noted, “‘If each [element] requires proof of a fact that the other does not, the Blockburger test is satisfied, notwithstanding a substantial overlap in the proof offered to establish the crimes.’” Id. at 45 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161, 166 , 97 S. Ct. 2221 , 53 L.

2025We noted, “‘If each [element] requires proof of a fact that the other does not, the Blockburger test is satisfied, notwithstanding a substantial overlap in the proof offered to establish the crimes.’” Id. at 45 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161, 166 , 97 S. Ct. 2221 , 53 L.

61992–2025
Gavieres v. United States green
scotus · 1911
2 sentences

2006When applying the Blockburger test, we do not consider the elements of the crime on an abstract level. “ ‘[W]here the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whether each provision requires proof of a fact which the other does not.’ ” [In re Personal Restraint of] Orange, 152 Wn.2d [795,] 817 [, 100 P.3d 291 (2004)] (quoting Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 (citing Gavieres v. United States, 220 U.S. 338, 342 , 31 S. Ct. 421 , 55 L.

2006When applying the Blockburger test, we do not consider the elements of the crime on an abstract level. “ ‘[W]here the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whether each provision requires proof of a fact which the other does not.’ ” [In re Personal Restraint of] Orange, 152 Wn.2d [795,] 817 [, 100 P.3d 291 (2004)] (quoting Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304 (citing Gavieres v. United States, 220 U.S. 338, 342 , 31 S. Ct. 421 , 55 L.

52005–2017
State v. Kier green
wash · 2008
2 sentences

2011Kelley, 168 Wash.2d at 77 , 226 P.3d 773 ("If, however, such clear legislative intent is absent, then the Blockburger test applies ... the Blockburger test is a rule of statutory construction applied to discern legislative purpose in the absence of clear indications of contrary legislative intent. ") Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 ("We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved.

2011Kelley, 168 Wash.2d at 77 , 226 P.3d 773 ("If, however, such clear legislative intent is absent, then the Blockburger test applies ... the Blockburger test is a rule of statutory construction applied to discern legislative purpose in the absence of clear indications of contrary legislative intent. ") Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 ("We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved.

52010–2013
In Re Borrero green
wash · 2007
2 sentences

2026Restraint of Borrero, 161 Wn.2d 532, 537 , 167 P.3d 1106 (2007).

2024Restraint of Borrero, 161 Wn.2d 532, 537 , 167 P.3d 1106 (2007).

42010–2026
State v. Kelley green
wash · 2010
2 sentences

2011Kelley, 168 Wash.2d at 77 , 226 P.3d 773 ("If, however, such clear legislative intent is absent, then the Blockburger test applies ... the Blockburger test is a rule of statutory construction applied to discern legislative purpose in the absence of clear indications of contrary legislative intent. ") Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 ("We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved.

2011Kelley, 168 Wash.2d at 77 , 226 P.3d 773 ("If, however, such clear legislative intent is absent, then the Blockburger test applies ... the Blockburger test is a rule of statutory construction applied to discern legislative purpose in the absence of clear indications of contrary legislative intent. ") Kier, 164 Wash.2d at 804 , 194 P.3d 212 ("We first consider express or implicit legislative intent based on the criminal statutes involved.

42011–2025
Albernaz v. United States green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

1995The Court in Dixon ordered a return to the Blockburger "same elements” test for determining whether successive prosecutions violate the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment. 5 We also note that the Supreme Court explored legislative history to determine whether it supported the Blockburger analysis in both Ball and Albernaz . *779 See Ball, at 862-64; Albernaz v. United States, 450 U.S. 333, 340-42 , 67 L.

1995The Court in Dixon ordered a return to the Blockburger "same elements” test for determining whether successive prosecutions violate the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment. 5 We also note that the Supreme Court explored legislative history to determine whether it supported the Blockburger analysis in both Ball and Albernaz . *779 See Ball, at 862-64; Albernaz v. United States, 450 U.S. 333, 340-42 , 67 L.

41995–2012
State v. Johnson green
wash · 1979
2 sentences

2006App. 803, 807 , 924 P.2d 384 (1996) (citing State v. Johnson, 92 Wn.2d 671, 680 , 600 P.2d 1249 (1979)).[ 6 ] We review Beaver’s constitutional challenges de novo 6 7 and may do so for the first time on appeal. 8 Attempted First Degree Robbery and Second Degree Assault ¶11 Beaver contends his convictions for attempted first degree robbery and second degree assault violate double jeopardy under both the Blockburger test and the merger doctrine.

2006App. 803, 807 , 924 P.2d 384 (1996) (citing State v. Johnson, 92 Wn.2d 671, 680 , 600 P.2d 1249 (1979)).[ 6 ] We review Beaver’s constitutional challenges de novo 6 7 and may do so for the first time on appeal. 8 Attempted First Degree Robbery and Second Degree Assault ¶11 Beaver contends his convictions for attempted first degree robbery and second degree assault violate double jeopardy under both the Blockburger test and the merger doctrine.

41995–2006
Texas v. Cobb green
scotus · 2001
2 sentences

2018That right does not attach to an uncharged offense unless the uncharged offense is “considered the same offense under the Blockburger test.” Cobb, 532 U.S. at 173 (citing Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S. Ct. 180 , 76 L.

2018That right does not attach to an uncharged offense unless the uncharged offense is “considered the same offense under the Blockburger test.” Cobb, 532 U.S. at 173 (citing Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S. Ct. 180 , 76 L.

32006–2018
State v. Adel green
wash · 1998
32005–2014
Iannelli v. United States green
scotus · 1975
32006–2012
State v. Birgen green
washctapp · 1982
31999–2002
State v. Leming green
washctapp · 2006
22024–2024
State v. Muhammad green
wash · 2019
22020–2021
State v. Marchi green
washctapp · 2010
22014–2020
State v. Villanueva-Gonzalez green
wash · 2014
22014–2019
State v. Jackman green
wash · 2006
22018–2019
In re the Personal Restraint of Francis green
wash · 2010
22014–2015
In Re Francis green
wash · 2010
22014–2015
State v. Hughes green
wash · 2009
22014–2014
State v. Vladovic green
wash · 1983
21996–2012
Missouri v. Hunter green
scotus · 1983
22010–2010
Garrett v. United States green
scotus · 1985
22007–2007
State v. Adel green
wash · 1998
22005–2005
State v. Read green
washctapp · 2000
22004–2005
State v. Read green
wash · 2002
22004–2005
State v. Read green
wash · 2002
22004–2005
United States v. Roy Condy Woods green
ca6 · 1978
21998–1998
State v. Laviollette green
wash · 1992
21994–1995
In re the Personal Restraint of Percer green
wash · 2003
12024–2024
In Re Percer neutral
wash · 2003
12024–2024
State v. Berg green
wash · 2014
12018–2018
State v. Eaton green
washctapp · 1996
12018–2018
State v. Leming green
washctapp · 2006
12017–2017
State v. Rivera green
washctapp · 1997
12014–2014
State v. Tili green
wash · 1999
12013–2013
State v. Dye neutral
wash · 1914
12013–2013
State v. Smith green
washctapp · 2011
12013–2013
State v. Martin green
washctapp · 2009
12010–2010

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.36.021 (32) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.94A.589 (29) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 2.06.040 (27) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.56.200 (24) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.52.050 (23) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.32.030 (21) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.28.020 (20) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.36.011 (20) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.56.190 (19) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.44.010 (16) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.44.050 (16) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.94A.030 (15)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 409 (1982–2026) FL 171 (1981–2026) NM 151 (1991–2026) LA 139 (1980–2025) WA 133 (1982–2026) TN 130 (1977–2026) OH 105 (1980–2026) CT 96 (1985–2026) VA 89 (1979–2026) MI 88 (1978–2026) AL 71 (1977–2025) KY 66 (1984–2026) IN 65 (1978–2020) MD 61 (1962–2022) DC 57 (1981–2026) MO 57 (1977–2024) MS 54 (1981–2023) PA 53 (1982–2025) IL 48 (1977–2023) WI 37 (1979–2023) ID 34 (1980–2025) WV 32 (1983–2025) MT 32 (1981–2024) WY 30 (1987–2023) NC 26 (1981–2026) NJ 25 (1982–2019) CO 23 (1980–2017) DE 22 (1980–2025) IA 22 (1983–2026) SC 21 (1990–2021) NV 20 (1984–2024) NY 20 (1978–2019) AZ 19 (1981–2024) SD 19 (1988–2019) RI 17 (1980–2013) NE 16 (1991–2025) VT 16 (1998–2024) GA 14 (1979–2023) AR 14 (1993–2024) ME 14 (1992–2025) OK 11 (1981–2024) HI 9 (1991–2005) MN 9 (1979–2013) OR 8 (1982–2020) CA 7 (2001–2020) MA 7 (1981–2023) VI 7 (1997–2013) KS 6 (1989–2006) AK 4 (1995–2024) ND 4 (2006–2023) GU 2 (2023–2025) NH 2 (1984–2006)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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