Blockburger test (West Virginia) · Go Syfert
← West Virginia issues

Blockburger test in West Virginia

32 West Virginia opinions name it 1 courts 1983–2025 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by West Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (37)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Gillgreen
wva · 1992 · cited in 13 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1993–2025
2 sentences

2025As a rule of statutory construction, however, we note that the “Blockburger presumption must of course yield to a plainly expressed contrary view on the part of [the legislature].” Gill, 187 W.

2020Va. 136 , 416 S.E.2d 253 (1992) (setting forth Blockburger test). 14 their counterparts in the instant case.

713
Blockburger v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1931 · cited in 10 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1985–2022
2 sentences

2020The Blockburger test provides that “[w]here the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whether each provision requires proof of a fact which the other does not.” Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 304 , 52 S.Ct. 180, 182 , 76 L.Ed. 306, 309 (1932).

2020The Blockburger test provides that “[w]here the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whether each provision requires proof of a fact which the other does not.” Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 304 , 52 S.Ct. 180, 182 , 76 L.Ed. 306, 309 (1932).

610
Garrett v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 5 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–2025
2 sentences

1996If the relevant statutes on their face indicate a clear legislative intent to allow multiple punishments, we need not engage in a Blockburger analysis because we must give effect to that legislative intent. 15 See Garrett, 471 U.S. at 779 , 105 S.Ct. at 2411 , 85 L.Ed.2d at 771-72 .

1996If the relevant statutes on their face indicate a clear legislative intent to allow multiple punishments, we need not engage in a Blockburger analysis because we must give effect to that legislative intent. 15 See Garrett, 471 U.S. at 779 , 105 S.Ct. at 2411 , 85 L.Ed.2d at 771-72 .

45
State v. Zaccagninigreen
wva · 1983 · cited in 13 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1985–2023
2 sentences

2022Va. 491 , 308 S.E.2d 131 (1983) (adopting Blockburger test which is discussed infra in greater detail).

2018“Once the determination is made that statutory offenses are separate under the Blockburger test by virtue of the fact that each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not, then multiple punishments are appropriate.” State v. Zaccagnini, 172 W.Va. 491, 502 , 308 S.E.2d 131, 142 (1983).

313
Missouri v. Huntergreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 5 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1983–2022
2 sentences

1993See Ohio v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 493, 499 , 104 S.Ct. 2536, 2541 , 81 L.Ed.2d 425, 433 (1984) (holding that the legislature is vested with the substantive power to prescribe crimes and establish punishment and, therefore, “the question under the Double Jeopardy Clause whether punishments are 'multiple' is essentially one of legislative intent[.]”); Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368 , 103 S.Ct. 673, 679 , 74 L.Ed.2d 535, 543-44 (1983) (reasoning the Blockburger rule is one of statutory construction and “is not a constitutional rule requiring courts to negate clearly expressed legislative inten

1993See Ohio v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 493, 499 , 104 S.Ct. 2536, 2541 , 81 L.Ed.2d 425, 433 (1984) (holding that the legislature is vested with the substantive power to prescribe crimes and establish punishment and, therefore, “the question under the Double Jeopardy Clause whether punishments are 'multiple' is essentially one of legislative intent[.]”); Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368 , 103 S.Ct. 673, 679 , 74 L.Ed.2d 535, 543-44 (1983) (reasoning the Blockburger rule is one of statutory construction and “is not a constitutional rule requiring courts to negate clearly expressed legislative inten

35
Whalen v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 5 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–2016
2 sentences

2016This test; the Blockburger test, is “traditionally regarded as ‘a rule of statutory construction ... [based on] ... [t]he assumption underlying the rule ... that [the Legislature] ordinarily does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes.’ ” Gill, 187 W.Va. at 142 , 416 S.E.2d at 259 (quoting Whalen v. United States, 445 U.S. 684, 691-92 , 100 S.Ct. 1432 , 63 L.Ed.2d 715 (1980)); accord Sears, 196 W.Va. at 82, 468 S.E.2d at 335 .

2016This test; the Blockburger test, is “traditionally regarded as ‘a rule of statutory construction ... [based on] ... [t]he assumption underlying the rule ... that [the Legislature] ordinarily does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes.’ ” Gill, 187 W.Va. at 142 , 416 S.E.2d at 259 (quoting Whalen v. United States, 445 U.S. 684, 691-92 , 100 S.Ct. 1432 , 63 L.Ed.2d 715 (1980)); accord Sears, 196 W.Va. at 82, 468 S.E.2d at 335 .

35
Albernaz v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1981 · cited in 5 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1983–1993
2 sentences

1993See Ohio v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 493, 499 , 104 S.Ct. 2536, 2541 , 81 L.Ed.2d 425, 433 (1984) (holding that the legislature is vested with the substantive power to prescribe crimes and establish punishment and, therefore, “the question under the Double Jeopardy Clause whether punishments are 'multiple' is essentially one of legislative intent[.]”); Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368 , 103 S.Ct. 673, 679 , 74 L.Ed.2d 535, 543-44 (1983) (reasoning the Blockburger rule is one of statutory construction and “is not a constitutional rule requiring courts to negate clearly expressed legislative inten

1993See Ohio v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 493, 499 , 104 S.Ct. 2536, 2541 , 81 L.Ed.2d 425, 433 (1984) (holding that the legislature is vested with the substantive power to prescribe crimes and establish punishment and, therefore, “the question under the Double Jeopardy Clause whether punishments are 'multiple' is essentially one of legislative intent[.]”); Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368 , 103 S.Ct. 673, 679 , 74 L.Ed.2d 535, 543-44 (1983) (reasoning the Blockburger rule is one of statutory construction and “is not a constitutional rule requiring courts to negate clearly expressed legislative inten

35
State v. Johnsongreen
wva · 1996 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2016
2 sentences

2016State v. Johnson, 197 W.Va. 575, 585 , 476 S.E.2d 522, 562 (1996) (“[W]e now state that our current caselaw is that Blockburger is the only test to be used when determining whether multiple prosecu *370 tions have violated the double jeopardy constitutional provisions in the state and federal constitutions.”), superseded by rule on other grounds as recognized in State v. Larry AH., 230 W.Va. 709 , 742 S.E.2d 125 (2013). 5 Thus, the circuit court’s reliance on Watson to conclude that Gregg Smith’s single shotgun blast into Thomas Smith’s leg could constitute only one crime was in error. 6 As we

2016State v. Johnson, 197 W.Va. 575, 585 , 476 S.E.2d 522, 562 (1996) (“[W]e now state that our current caselaw is that Blockburger is the only test to be used when determining whether multiple prosecu *370 tions have violated the double jeopardy constitutional provisions in the state and federal constitutions.”), superseded by rule on other grounds as recognized in State v. Larry AH., 230 W.Va. 709 , 742 S.E.2d 125 (2013). 5 Thus, the circuit court’s reliance on Watson to conclude that Gregg Smith’s single shotgun blast into Thomas Smith’s leg could constitute only one crime was in error. 6 As we

22
State v. Searsgreen
wva · 1996 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2000–2016
2 sentences

2016This test; the Blockburger test, is “traditionally regarded as ‘a rule of statutory construction ... [based on] ... [t]he assumption underlying the rule ... that [the Legislature] ordinarily does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes.’ ” Gill, 187 W.Va. at 142 , 416 S.E.2d at 259 (quoting Whalen v. United States, 445 U.S. 684, 691-92 , 100 S.Ct. 1432 , 63 L.Ed.2d 715 (1980)); accord Sears, 196 W.Va. at 82, 468 S.E.2d at 335 .

2016This test; the Blockburger test, is “traditionally regarded as ‘a rule of statutory construction ... [based on] ... [t]he assumption underlying the rule ... that [the Legislature] ordinarily does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes.’ ” Gill, 187 W.Va. at 142 , 416 S.E.2d at 259 (quoting Whalen v. United States, 445 U.S. 684, 691-92 , 100 S.Ct. 1432 , 63 L.Ed.2d 715 (1980)); accord Sears, 196 W.Va. at 82, 468 S.E.2d at 335 .

22
United States v. Albert L. Christnergreen
ca8 · 1995 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2000–2012
2 sentences

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

22
State v. Adelgreen
wash · 1998 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2000–2012
2 sentences

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

22
State v. Adelgreen
wash · 1998 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2000–2012
2 sentences

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

22
Dwight Rashad v. Sherry Burtgreen
ca6 · 1997 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2000–2012
2 sentences

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

22
State v. Pancakegreen
wva · 1982 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
2 sentences

1983See also State v. Proulx, 110 N.H. 187 , 263 A.2d 673 (1970) (subsequent prosecution for statutory rape after acquittal for incest arising out of the same act is not necessarily barred by double jeopardy); State v. Pancake, W.Va., 296 S.E.2d 37, 42 (1982) ("[r]ape is not a lesser-included offense of burglary" under the Blockburger test).

1983See also State v. Proulx, 110 N.H. 187 , 263 A.2d 673 (1970) (subsequent prosecution for statutory rape after acquittal for incest arising out of the same act is not necessarily barred by double jeopardy); State v. Pancake, W.Va., 296 S.E.2d 37, 42 (1982) ("[r]ape is not a lesser-included offense of burglary" under the Blockburger test).

22
State v. Rummergreen
wva · 1993 · cited in 3 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1993–2012
2 sentences

2012The Rummer Court applied the Blockburger test and explained that the “test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one is whether each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.” 189 W.Va. at 373 , 432 S.E.2d at 43 .

2012The Rummer Court applied the Blockburger test and explained that the “test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one is whether each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.” 189 W.Va. at 373 , 432 S.E.2d at 43 .

13
Brown v. Ohiogreen
scotus · 1977 · cited in 3 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1985–1996
2 sentences

1996See also syl. pt. 4, Gill, supra. In Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161 , 97 S.Ct. 2221 , 53 L.Ed.2d 187 (1977), the Supreme Court of the United States made clear that the Blockburger test applied to double jeopardy multiple prosecution issues.

1996See also syl. pt. 4, Gill, supra. In Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161 , 97 S.Ct. 2221 , 53 L.Ed.2d 187 (1977), the Supreme Court of the United States made clear that the Blockburger test applied to double jeopardy multiple prosecution issues.

13
State v. Greengreen
wva · 2000 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2013
2 sentences

2013Therefore "the same-elements test obviously provides no guidance where the issue concerns the allowable unit of prosecution under a single stat-.utoiy provision.” Green, 207 W.Va. at 536 , 534 S.E.2d at 401 . .Although our cases refer to this statute as the brandishing statute, it is clear that the statute sets out additional offenses. .The phrase "breach of the peace” has a wide and general application and meaning and comprehends disturbances of the public peace vio-lative of order and decency or decorum; it signifies the disquieting of the public tranquility by any act or conduct inciting to

2013Therefore "the same-elements test obviously provides no guidance where the issue concerns the allowable unit of prosecution under a single stat-.utoiy provision.” Green, 207 W.Va. at 536 , 534 S.E.2d at 401 . .Although our cases refer to this statute as the brandishing statute, it is clear that the statute sets out additional offenses. .The phrase "breach of the peace” has a wide and general application and meaning and comprehends disturbances of the public peace vio-lative of order and decency or decorum; it signifies the disquieting of the public tranquility by any act or conduct inciting to

12
State v. Peyattgreen
wva · 1983 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1993–2007
2 sentences

2007In State v. Peyatt, 315 S.E.2d 574 , 173 W.Va. 317 (1983), we analyzed the first degree sexual assault and incest statutes in effect at that time employing our adopted Blockburger analysis.

2007In State v. Peyatt, 315 S.E.2d 574 , 173 W.Va. 317 (1983), we analyzed the first degree sexual assault and incest statutes in effect at that time employing our adopted Blockburger analysis.

12
Grady v. Corbinred
scotus · 1990 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–1996
2 sentences

1996After first applying the Blockburger test, it determined whether the “same-conduct” test was satisfied. 6 Id. at 510, 110 S.Ct. at 2087 , 109 L.Ed.2d at 557 .

1996After first applying the Blockburger test, it determined whether the “same-conduct” test was satisfied. 6 Id. at 510, 110 S.Ct. at 2087 , 109 L.Ed.2d at 557 .

12
Ohio v. Johnsongreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–1993
2 sentences

1993See Ohio v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 493, 499 , 104 S.Ct. 2536, 2541 , 81 L.Ed.2d 425, 433 (1984) (holding that the legislature is vested with the substantive power to prescribe crimes and establish punishment and, therefore, “the question under the Double Jeopardy Clause whether punishments are 'multiple' is essentially one of legislative intent[.]”); Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368 , 103 S.Ct. 673, 679 , 74 L.Ed.2d 535, 543-44 (1983) (reasoning the Blockburger rule is one of statutory construction and “is not a constitutional rule requiring courts to negate clearly expressed legislative inten

1993See Ohio v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 493, 499 , 104 S.Ct. 2536, 2541 , 81 L.Ed.2d 425, 433 (1984) (holding that the legislature is vested with the substantive power to prescribe crimes and establish punishment and, therefore, “the question under the Double Jeopardy Clause whether punishments are 'multiple' is essentially one of legislative intent[.]”); Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368 , 103 S.Ct. 673, 679 , 74 L.Ed.2d 535, 543-44 (1983) (reasoning the Blockburger rule is one of statutory construction and “is not a constitutional rule requiring courts to negate clearly expressed legislative inten

12
State v. Collinsgreen
wva · 1985 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
State v. Wrightgreen
wva · 1997 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
United States v. Weathers, Marc K.green
cadc · 1999 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
United States v. Dixongreen
scotus · 1993 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
State Ex Rel. Dowdy v. Robinsongreen
wva · 1979 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
State ex rel. Dowdy v. Robinsongreen
wva · 1979 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Swafford v. Stategreen
nm · 1991 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Iannelli v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1975 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Green v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1957 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
United States v. Wilsongreen
scotus · 1975 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
State v. Hoovergreen
nc · 1988 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
State v. Holmesgreen
nc · 1988 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
State v. Hoovergreen
ncctapp · 1988 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
American Tobacco Co. v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1946 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
11
State v. Trailgreen
wva · 1985 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
11
State v. Proulxgreen
nh · 1970 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
State v. Brittmangreen
tenn · 1982 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (2)

CaseNegativeCited
State v. Washingtonyellow
orctapp · 1977 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
State v. Washingtongreen
orctapp · 1977 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11

Also cited on this issue (21)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Miller green
wva · 1985
2 sentences

1996As noted above, this Court essentially adopted the Blockburger test in syllabus point 8 of State v. Zaccagnini, 172 W.Va. 491 , 308 S.E.2d 131 (1983). 8 “Where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one is whether each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.” See also syl. pts. 4 and 6, Gill, supra; syl. pt. 1, State v. Miller, 175 W.Va. 616 , 336 S.E.2d 910 (1985). *586 With the above in mind we now turn to the facts in the case before

1996As noted above, this Court essentially adopted the Blockburger test in syllabus point 8 of State v. Zaccagnini, 172 W.Va. 491 , 308 S.E.2d 131 (1983). 8 “Where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one is whether each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.” See also syl. pts. 4 and 6, Gill, supra; syl. pt. 1, State v. Miller, 175 W.Va. 616 , 336 S.E.2d 910 (1985). *586 With the above in mind we now turn to the facts in the case before

31988–1996
Patrick Mirandy, Warden v. Gregg D. Smith green
wva · 2016
2 sentences

2023Pt. 6, in part, Mirandy v. Smith, 237 W.

2016The rule is not controlling where there is a clear indication of contrary legislative intent.” Accord syl. pt. 6, Mirandy v. Smith, 237 W.Va. 363 , 787 S.E.2d 634 (2016).

22016–2023
Burt v. Rashad green
scotus · 1998
2 sentences

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

22000–2012
Martin v. Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. green
scotus · 1998
2 sentences

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

22000–2012
United States v. Terry Burton Kimbrough green
ca5 · 1995
2 sentences

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

22000–2012
United States v. James L. Keen green
ca9 · 1997
2 sentences

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

2012See also State v. Adel, 136 Wash.2d 629, 634 , 965 P.2d 1072, 1074 (1998) (proper inquiry in a single-statute ease is “what ‘unit of prosecution’ has the Legislature intended as the punishable act under the specific criminal statute”) (citation omitted); Rashad v. Burt, 108 F.3d 677, 679-80 (6th Cir.1997) (“The Blockburger test is insufficient where ... the concern is not multiple charges under separate statutes____”), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1075 , 118 S.Ct. 850 , 139 L.Ed.2d 751 (1998); United States v. Keen, 104 F.3d 1111 , 1118 n. 12 (9th Cir.1996) (refusing to apply Blockburger test where

22000–2012
Eades v. Clark Distributing Co. green
scotus · 1996
2 sentences

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

22000–2012
Buyea v. United States green
scotus · 1996
2 sentences

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

22000–2012
Jordan v. United States green
scotus · 1996
2 sentences

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

2012The Green Court continued: In other words, the Blockburger rule “applies to determinations of whether [a legislature] intended the same conduct to be punishable under two criminal provisions,” and is impertinent where multiple counts are charged under “the same criminal provisions.” United States v. Kimbrough, 69 F.3d 723 , 729 n. 5 (5th Cir.1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1157 , 116 S.Ct. 1547 , 134 L.Ed.2d 650 (1996).

22000–2012
State v. Reed green
wva · 1981
2 sentences

1993As we held in Syl. pt. 4, State v. Reed, 166 W.Va. 558 , 276 S.E.2d 313 (1981): Double jeopardy prohibits multiple punishment for the same offense, therefore under our criminal sexual conduct statute, W.Va.Code, 61-8B-1, et seq. [1986], a single sexual act cannot result in multiple criminal convictions.

1993As we held in Syl. pt. 4, State v. Reed, 166 W.Va. 558 , 276 S.E.2d 313 (1981): Double jeopardy prohibits multiple punishment for the same offense, therefore under our criminal sexual conduct statute, W.Va.Code, 61-8B-1, et seq. [1986], a single sexual act cannot result in multiple criminal convictions.

21988–1993
State of West Virginia v. Larry A. H. green
wva · 2013
12016–2016
State v. Hatfield green
wva · 1982
12013–2013
Sanabria v. United States green
scotus · 1978
12012–2012
State v. Myers green
wva · 2012
12012–2012
Prince v. United States green
scotus · 1957
11993–1993
State v. Williams green
nmctapp · 1986
11993–1993
State v. Raines green
nc · 1987
11992–1992
State v. Warner green
wva · 1983
11992–1992
Harris v. Oklahoma green
scotus · 1977
11985–1985
Gilkerson v. Lilly green
wva · 1982
11985–1985
State v. Martin green
tenncrimapp · 1982
11983–1983

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WV § W. Va. Code § 61-8B-1 (9) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-2-9 (8) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-8D-5 (7) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-2-12 (6) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-7-12 (6) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-8B-7 (6) WV § W. Va. Code § 60A-4-401 (4) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-8B-3 (4) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-8B-4 (4) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-2-1 (3) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-2-14 (3) WV § W. Va. Code § 61-3-1 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 409 (1982–2026) FL 171 (1981–2026) NM 151 (1991–2026) LA 139 (1980–2025) WA 133 (1982–2026) TN 130 (1977–2026) OH 105 (1980–2026) CT 96 (1985–2026) VA 89 (1979–2026) MI 88 (1978–2026) AL 71 (1977–2025) KY 66 (1984–2026) IN 65 (1978–2020) MD 61 (1962–2022) DC 57 (1981–2026) MO 57 (1977–2024) MS 54 (1981–2023) PA 53 (1982–2025) IL 48 (1977–2023) WI 37 (1979–2023) ID 34 (1980–2025) WV 32 (1983–2025) MT 32 (1981–2024) WY 30 (1987–2023) NC 26 (1981–2026) NJ 25 (1982–2019) CO 23 (1980–2017) DE 22 (1980–2025) IA 22 (1983–2026) SC 21 (1990–2021) NV 20 (1984–2024) NY 20 (1978–2019) AZ 19 (1981–2024) SD 19 (1988–2019) RI 17 (1980–2013) NE 16 (1991–2025) VT 16 (1998–2024) GA 14 (1979–2023) AR 14 (1993–2024) ME 14 (1992–2025) OK 11 (1981–2024) HI 9 (1991–2005) MN 9 (1979–2013) OR 8 (1982–2020) CA 7 (2001–2020) MA 7 (1981–2023) VI 7 (1997–2013) KS 6 (1989–2006) AK 4 (1995–2024) ND 4 (2006–2023) GU 2 (2023–2025) NH 2 (1984–2006)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check