16 California opinions name it 2 courts 1965–2026 5 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
People v. Williamsgreen2 sentences2025(Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668 , 687−688, 694 (Strickland); People v. Ledesma (1987) 43 Cal.3d 171 , 216−218.) A reviewing court uses an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing norms based upon facts, not speculation, that counsel rendered ineffective assistance. ( Strickland, supra, at pp. 687–688, 693–694; People v. Williams (1988) 44 Cal.3d 883, 933 [“[a] factual basis, not speculation, must be established before reversal of a judgment may be had on grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel”].) “ ‘Judicial scrutiny of counsel’s performance must be highly defe 2025(Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668 , 687−688, 694 (Strickland); People v. Ledesma (1987) 43 Cal.3d 171 , 216−218.) A reviewing court uses an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing norms based upon facts, not speculation, that counsel rendered ineffective assistance. ( Strickland, supra, at pp. 687–688, 693–694; People v. Williams (1988) 44 Cal.3d 883, 933 [“[a] factual basis, not speculation, must be established before reversal of a judgment may be had on grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel”].) “ ‘Judicial scrutiny of counsel’s performance must be highly defe | 2 | 2 |
Gentry v. eBay, Inc.green2 sentences2015(Johnson v. Arden (8th Cir. 2010) 614 F.3d 785, 791 ; Almeida v. Amazon.com, Inc. (11th Cir. 2006) 456 F.3d 1316, 1321 .); see also Gentry v. eBay, Inc. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 816, 830 [§ 230(c)(1) immunity requires the defendant be a provider or user of an interactive service; the cause of action treat the defendant as a publisher or speaker of information; and the information at issue is provided by another information content provider].) Section 230(e)(2) defines an “interactive computer service” as follows: “The term ‘interactive computer service’ means any information service, system, or a 2015(Johnson v. Arden (8th Cir. 2010) 614 F.3d 785, 791 ; Almeida v. Amazon.com, Inc. (11th Cir. 2006) 456 F.3d 1316, 1321 .); see also Gentry v. eBay, Inc. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 816, 830 [§ 230(c)(1) immunity requires the defendant be a provider or user of an interactive service; the cause of action treat the defendant as a publisher or speaker of information; and the information at issue is provided by another information content provider].) Section 230(e)(2) defines an “interactive computer service” as follows: “The term ‘interactive computer service’ means any information service, system, or a | 2 | 2 |
Nemet Chevrolet, Ltd. v. Consumeraffairs. Com, Inc.green2 sentences2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi 2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi | 2 | 2 |
Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLCgreen2 sentences2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi 2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi | 2 | 2 |
Larry Klayman v. Mark Zuckerberggreen2 sentences2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi 2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi | 2 | 2 |
National Cash Register Co. v. Sallinggreen1 sentence2016Code, § 47, subd. (c).) A defendant asserting the privilege “generally bears the initial burden of establishing that the statement in question was made on a privileged occasion, and thereafter the burden shifts to plaintiff to establish that the statement was made with malice. [Citation.] . . . ‘“The malice necessary to defeat a qualified privilege is ‘actual malice’ which is established by a showing that the publication was motivated by hatred or ill will towards the plaintiff or by a showing that the defendant lacked reasonable grounds for belief in the truth of the publication and therefore | 1 | 1 |
People v. Felixgreen1 sentence2015(Id. at pp. 1304-1305, 1309.) To establish a consent defense, the defendant must show that the occupant of the subject building “(1) actively invited the defendant to enter with knowledge of the defendant’s felonious intent, and (2) the defendant knew that the 29 occupant was aware of his felonious intent.” (Id. at p. 1305; see also People v. Felix (1994) 23 Cal.App.4th 1385, 1397-1398 (Felix).) As a preliminary matter, there was no indication that either Bonilla or Hernandez relied on consent as a defense to burglary at trial. | 1 | 1 |
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. WEST INDIES TRANSPORT, INC.; WIT EQUIPMENT CO., INC.; And W. JAMES OELSNER, Appellantsgreen1 sentence2007Defendant seeks reversal of the Court of Appeal judgment with directions to affirm the order of dismissal. 9 The People do not dispute that elimination of the one-year waiting period was lawful. 10 See, e.g., U.S. v. Batterjee (9th Cir. 2004) 361 F.3d 1210, 1216 (a defendant asserting the defense of entrapment by estoppel has the burden of proving that an authorized government official, empowered to render the asserted erroneous advice, and who has been made aware of all the relevant necessary facts, affirmatively told the defendant the proscribed conduct was permissible and that defendant rea | 1 | 1 |
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Elton Lee FUNCHES, Defendant-Appellantgreen1 sentence2007Defendant seeks reversal of the Court of Appeal judgment with directions to affirm the order of dismissal. 9 The People do not dispute that elimination of the one-year waiting period was lawful. 10 See, e.g., U.S. v. Batterjee (9th Cir. 2004) 361 F.3d 1210, 1216 (a defendant asserting the defense of entrapment by estoppel has the burden of proving that an authorized government official, empowered to render the asserted erroneous advice, and who has been made aware of all the relevant necessary facts, affirmatively told the defendant the proscribed conduct was permissible and that defendant rea | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Abdulraouf Shahir Batterjee, AKA Abdul Raouf Shahir Batterjeegreen1 sentence2007Defendant seeks reversal of the Court of Appeal judgment with directions to affirm the order of dismissal. 9 The People do not dispute that elimination of the one-year waiting period was lawful. 10 See, e.g., U.S. v. Batterjee (9th Cir. 2004) 361 F.3d 1210, 1216 (a defendant asserting the defense of entrapment by estoppel has the burden of proving that an authorized government official, empowered to render the asserted erroneous advice, and who has been made aware of all the relevant necessary facts, affirmatively told the defendant the proscribed conduct was permissible and that defendant rea | 1 | 1 |
cluster 9467green1 sentence2007Defendant seeks reversal of the Court of Appeal judgment with directions to affirm the order of dismissal. 9 The People do not dispute that elimination of the one-year waiting period was lawful. 10 See, e.g., U.S. v. Batterjee (9th Cir. 2004) 361 F.3d 1210, 1216 (a defendant asserting the defense of entrapment by estoppel has the burden of proving that an authorized government official, empowered to render the asserted erroneous advice, and who has been made aware of all the relevant necessary facts, affirmatively told the defendant the proscribed conduct was permissible and that defendant rea | 1 | 1 |
Rabinowitz v. Kandelgreen2 sentences2002(Rabinowitz v. Kandel (1969) 1 Cal.App.3d 961, 965 [ 81 Cal.Rptr. 897 ].) A defendant asserting the defense of accord and satisfaction must establish “(1) that there was a ‘bona fide dispute’ between the parties, (2) that the debtor made it clear that acceptance of what he tendered was subject to the condition that it was to be in full satisfaction of the creditor’s unliquidated claim, and (3) that the creditor clearly understood when accepting what was tendered that the debtor intended such remittance to constitute payment in full of the particular claim in issue.” (Thompson v. Williams (1989 2002(Rabinowitz v. Kandel (1969) 1 Cal.App.3d 961, 965 [ 81 Cal.Rptr. 897 ].) A defendant asserting the defense of accord and satisfaction must establish “(1) that there was a ‘bona fide dispute’ between the parties, (2) that the debtor made it clear that acceptance of what he tendered was subject to the condition that it was to be in full satisfaction of the creditor’s unliquidated claim, and (3) that the creditor clearly understood when accepting what was tendered that the debtor intended such remittance to constitute payment in full of the particular claim in issue.” (Thompson v. Williams (1989 | 1 | 1 |
Goldstein v. Californiagreen2 sentences1994B5.) This is not a case where “ ‘[the state] law stands as any obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress.’ [Citation.]” (Goldstein v. California (1973) 412 U.S. 546, 561 [ 37 L.Ed.2d 163, 176 , 93 S.Ct. 2303 ].) To sum up, these combined considerations warrant the conclusion that the supremacy clause does not require California courts to apply federal appellate rules which grant a defendant asserting an immunity arising under the Defense Production Act the right to review via direct appeal prior to trial. 1994B5.) This is not a case where “ ‘[the state] law stands as any obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress.’ [Citation.]” (Goldstein v. California (1973) 412 U.S. 546, 561 [ 37 L.Ed.2d 163, 176 , 93 S.Ct. 2303 ].) To sum up, these combined considerations warrant the conclusion that the supremacy clause does not require California courts to apply federal appellate rules which grant a defendant asserting an immunity arising under the Defense Production Act the right to review via direct appeal prior to trial. | 1 | 1 |
| Taylor v. Superior Courtgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Castillogreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Hayesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Cookgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Evansgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Whiteheadgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Delgadogreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Kirkesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Strickland v. Washington
green
2 sentences2026(Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668 , 687−688; People v. Ledesma (1987) 43 Cal.3d 171, 216 .) It is not necessary to determine whether counsel’s challenged action was professionally unreasonable in every case, however. 2026(Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668 , 687−688, 691–692; People v. Ledesma (1987) 43 Cal.3d 171, 216 .) As explained above, section 1385, subdivision (c)(2)(C) did not mandate the dismissal of the firearm enhancement in this case. | 4 | 2025–2026 |
People v. Ledesma
green
2 sentences2026(Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668 , 687−688; People v. Ledesma (1987) 43 Cal.3d 171, 216 .) It is not necessary to determine whether counsel’s challenged action was professionally unreasonable in every case, however. 2026(Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668 , 687−688, 691–692; People v. Ledesma (1987) 43 Cal.3d 171, 216 .) As explained above, section 1385, subdivision (c)(2)(C) did not mandate the dismissal of the firearm enhancement in this case. | 4 | 2025–2026 |
People v. Bona
green
2 sentences2025(People v. Bona (2017) 15 Cal.App.5th 511 , 517–522.) A defendant asserting a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel has the burden of showing (1) his counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and (2) prejudice, that is, but for counsel’s unprofessional error a different result would have been reasonably probable. 2025(People v. Bona (2017) 15 Cal.App.5th 511 , 517–522.) A defendant asserting a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel has the burden of showing (1) his counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and (2) prejudice, that is, but for counsel’s unprofessional error a different result would have been reasonably probable. | 2 | 2025–2025 |
Thais Cardoso Almeida v. Amazon.com, Inc.
green
2 sentences2015(Johnson v. Arden (8th Cir. 2010) 614 F.3d 785, 791 ; Almeida v. Amazon.com, Inc. (11th Cir. 2006) 456 F.3d 1316, 1321 .); see also Gentry v. eBay, Inc. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 816, 830 [§ 230(c)(1) immunity requires the defendant be a provider or user of an interactive service; the cause of action treat the defendant as a publisher or speaker of information; and the information at issue is provided by another information content provider].) Section 230(e)(2) defines an “interactive computer service” as follows: “The term ‘interactive computer service’ means any information service, system, or a 2015(Johnson v. Arden (8th Cir. 2010) 614 F.3d 785, 791 ; Almeida v. Amazon.com, Inc. (11th Cir. 2006) 456 F.3d 1316, 1321 .); see also Gentry v. eBay, Inc. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 816, 830 [§ 230(c)(1) immunity requires the defendant be a provider or user of an interactive service; the cause of action treat the defendant as a publisher or speaker of information; and the information at issue is provided by another information content provider].) Section 230(e)(2) defines an “interactive computer service” as follows: “The term ‘interactive computer service’ means any information service, system, or a | 2 | 2015–2015 |
Johnson v. Arden
green
2 sentences2015(Johnson v. Arden (8th Cir. 2010) 614 F.3d 785, 791 ; Almeida v. Amazon.com, Inc. (11th Cir. 2006) 456 F.3d 1316, 1321 .); see also Gentry v. eBay, Inc. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 816, 830 [§ 230(c)(1) immunity requires the defendant be a provider or user of an interactive service; the cause of action treat the defendant as a publisher or speaker of information; and the information at issue is provided by another information content provider].) Section 230(e)(2) defines an “interactive computer service” as follows: “The term ‘interactive computer service’ means any information service, system, or a 2015(Johnson v. Arden (8th Cir. 2010) 614 F.3d 785, 791 ; Almeida v. Amazon.com, Inc. (11th Cir. 2006) 456 F.3d 1316, 1321 .); see also Gentry v. eBay, Inc. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 816, 830 [§ 230(c)(1) immunity requires the defendant be a provider or user of an interactive service; the cause of action treat the defendant as a publisher or speaker of information; and the information at issue is provided by another information content provider].) Section 230(e)(2) defines an “interactive computer service” as follows: “The term ‘interactive computer service’ means any information service, system, or a | 2 | 2015–2015 |
Katz v. Campbell Union High School District
green
2 sentences2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi 2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi | 2 | 2015–2015 |
Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City
green
2 sentences2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi 2015(Community Youth Athletic Center v. City of National City (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 416, 427 ; Katz v. Campbell Union High School Dist. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031 .) Section 230(c)(1) provides in relevant part, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (Jones v. Dirty World Entertainment Recordings LLC (6th Cir. 2014) 755 F.3d 398, 409 [“courts have recognized that § 230 bars a claim if (1) the defendant asserting immunity is an interactive computer service provi | 2 | 2015–2015 |
In Re Marriage of Sabine M. and Toshio M.
green
2 sentences2024Bohannon Organization (1953) 119 Cal.App.2d 787, 792 .) “[A]n agreement of accord and satisfaction presupposes a prior controversy concerning the relative rights of the parties under the pre- existing agreement . . . .” (Everhardy v. Union Finance Co. (1931) 115 Cal.App. 460, 464 .) “‘Performance of a legal duty to a promisor which is neither doubtful nor the subject of honest dispute is not consideration . . . .’” (In re Marriage of Sabine and Toshio M., supra, 153 Cal.App.4th at p. 1215 .) According to plaintiff, he sufficiently alleged the existence of a bona fide dispute. 2024The usual purpose is to settle a claim at a lesser amount.” (In re Marriage of Thompson (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 1049, 1058 .) “A defendant asserting the defense of accord and satisfaction must establish ‘(1) that there was a “bona fide dispute” between the parties, (2) that the debtor made it clear that acceptance of what he tendered was subject to the condition that it was to be in full satisfaction of the creditor’s unliquidated claim, and (3) that the creditor clearly understood when accepting what was tendered that the debtor intended such remittance to constitute payment in full of the part | 1 | 2024–2024 |
BII Finance Co. v. U-States Forwarding Services Corp.
green
1 sentence2024The usual purpose is to settle a claim at a lesser amount.” (In re Marriage of Thompson (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 1049, 1058 .) “A defendant asserting the defense of accord and satisfaction must establish ‘(1) that there was a “bona fide dispute” between the parties, (2) that the debtor made it clear that acceptance of what he tendered was subject to the condition that it was to be in full satisfaction of the creditor’s unliquidated claim, and (3) that the creditor clearly understood when accepting what was tendered that the debtor intended such remittance to constitute payment in full of the part | 1 | 2024–2024 |
In Re Marriage of Thompson
green
1 sentence2024The usual purpose is to settle a claim at a lesser amount.” (In re Marriage of Thompson (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 1049, 1058 .) “A defendant asserting the defense of accord and satisfaction must establish ‘(1) that there was a “bona fide dispute” between the parties, (2) that the debtor made it clear that acceptance of what he tendered was subject to the condition that it was to be in full satisfaction of the creditor’s unliquidated claim, and (3) that the creditor clearly understood when accepting what was tendered that the debtor intended such remittance to constitute payment in full of the part | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Kelly v. David D. Bohannon Organization
green
1 sentence2024Bohannon Organization (1953) 119 Cal.App.2d 787, 792 .) “[A]n agreement of accord and satisfaction presupposes a prior controversy concerning the relative rights of the parties under the pre- existing agreement . . . .” (Everhardy v. Union Finance Co. (1931) 115 Cal.App. 460, 464 .) “‘Performance of a legal duty to a promisor which is neither doubtful nor the subject of honest dispute is not consideration . . . .’” (In re Marriage of Sabine and Toshio M., supra, 153 Cal.App.4th at p. 1215 .) According to plaintiff, he sufficiently alleged the existence of a bona fide dispute. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Everhardy v. Union Finance Co.
green
1 sentence2024Bohannon Organization (1953) 119 Cal.App.2d 787, 792 .) “[A]n agreement of accord and satisfaction presupposes a prior controversy concerning the relative rights of the parties under the pre- existing agreement . . . .” (Everhardy v. Union Finance Co. (1931) 115 Cal.App. 460, 464 .) “‘Performance of a legal duty to a promisor which is neither doubtful nor the subject of honest dispute is not consideration . . . .’” (In re Marriage of Sabine and Toshio M., supra, 153 Cal.App.4th at p. 1215 .) According to plaintiff, he sufficiently alleged the existence of a bona fide dispute. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Taus v. Loftus
green
1 sentence2016Code, § 47, subd. (c).) A defendant asserting the privilege “generally bears the initial burden of establishing that the statement in question was made on a privileged occasion, and thereafter the burden shifts to plaintiff to establish that the statement was made with malice. [Citation.] . . . ‘“The malice necessary to defeat a qualified privilege is ‘actual malice’ which is established by a showing that the publication was motivated by hatred or ill will towards the plaintiff or by a showing that the defendant lacked reasonable grounds for belief in the truth of the publication and therefore | 1 | 2016–2016 |
People v. Sherow
green
1 sentence2015(People v. Sherow (2011) 196 Cal.App.4th 1296, 1304-1305 .) Rather, consent is a defense to burglary, and a defendant asserting such defense bears the burden of raising a reasonable doubt as to the facts underlying the defense. | 1 | 2015–2015 |
People v. Rodrigues
green
1 sentence2013(People v. Rodrigues (1994) 8 Cal.4th 1060, 1126 .) Although the filing of appellant’s appeal was delayed, appellant cannot show that he suffered prejudice. | 1 | 2013–2013 |
United States v. Levin
green
1 sentence2007Defendant seeks reversal of the Court of Appeal judgment with directions to affirm the order of dismissal. 9 The People do not dispute that elimination of the one-year waiting period was lawful. 10 See, e.g., U.S. v. Batterjee (9th Cir. 2004) 361 F.3d 1210, 1216 (a defendant asserting the defense of entrapment by estoppel has the burden of proving that an authorized government official, empowered to render the asserted erroneous advice, and who has been made aware of all the relevant necessary facts, affirmatively told the defendant the proscribed conduct was permissible and that defendant rea | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Thompson v. Williams
green
1 sentence2002(Rabinowitz v. Kandel (1969) 1 Cal.App.3d 961, 965 [ 81 Cal.Rptr. 897 ].) A defendant asserting the defense of accord and satisfaction must establish “(1) that there was a ‘bona fide dispute’ between the parties, (2) that the debtor made it clear that acceptance of what he tendered was subject to the condition that it was to be in full satisfaction of the creditor’s unliquidated claim, and (3) that the creditor clearly understood when accepting what was tendered that the debtor intended such remittance to constitute payment in full of the particular claim in issue.” (Thompson v. Williams (1989 | 1 | 2002–2002 |
| People v. Department of Housing & Community Development green | 1 | 1975–1975 |
| People v. Conley green | 1 | 1971–1971 |
| People v. Graham green | 1 | 1971–1971 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.