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16 Virginia opinions name it 1 courts 2000–2015 0 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Whren v. United Statesgreen2 sentences2013See, e.g., Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 812-13 (1996). 2013See, e.g., Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 812-13 (1996). | 12 | 12 |
Terry v. Ohiogreen2 sentences2015See Terry, 392 U.S. at 21-22 ; see also Thomas v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 267, 274 , 701 S.E.2d 87, 90-91 (2010). 2015Additionally, “[r]eview of the existence of probable cause or reasonable suspicion involves application of an objective rather than subjective standard.” Id. at 552, 659 S.E.2d at 516 (citing Terry, 392 U.S. at 21-22 ). | 3 | 4 |
Thomas v. Commonwealthgreen2 sentences2015See Terry, 392 U.S. at 21-22 ; see also Thomas v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 267, 274 , 701 S.E.2d 87, 90-91 (2010). 2015See Terry, 392 U.S. at 21-22 ; see also Thomas v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 267, 274 , 701 S.E.2d 87, 90-91 (2010). | 3 | 3 |
Sampson v. United Statesgreen1 sentence2014See Samson v. California, 547 U.S. 843, 848 (2006); Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 21-22 (1968); Thomas v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 267, 273-74 , 701 S.E.2d 87, 90-91 (2010). | 1 | 1 |
Robinson v. Com.green2 sentences2007See, e.g., Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 812-13 (1996); see also Robinson v. Commonwealth, 273 Va. 26, 35-38 , 639 S.E.2d 217, 222-24 (2007). 2007See, e.g., Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 812-13 (1996); see also Robinson v. Commonwealth, 273 Va. 26, 35-38 , 639 S.E.2d 217, 222-24 (2007). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
McCain v. Com.
green
1 sentence2015Additionally, “[r]eview of the existence of probable cause or reasonable suspicion involves application of an objective rather than subjective standard.” Id. at 552, 659 S.E.2d at 516 (citing Terry, 392 U.S. at 21-22 ). | 1 | 2015–2015 |
Michigan v. Long
green
1 sentence2015The Court, however, stopped short of allowing the police to “conduct automobile searches whenever they conduct an investigative stop.” Id. at 1049 n.14. -6- to be determined from all the circumstances and is viewed under an objective rather than subjective standard. | 1 | 2015–2015 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.