Virginia issues · Go Syfert

Virginia issues

The doctrines Virginia courts name when they cite: mined from the sentence each citation lives in, keyed on the citing court, counted by distinct opinions. Entry by issue, not by case: pick one to see the cases on each side.

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#IssueMost-cited case OpinionsCourtsYearsLast 5y
1 abuse of discretion standard Porter v. Com. 5644 1991–2026 259
2 ends of justice exception Redman v. Commonwealth 5482 1989–2026 214
3 hearsay rule Neal v. Commonwealth 44814 1919–2026 50
4 affirmative defense Smith v. Commonwealth 35620 1922–2026 124
5 exclusionary rule United States v. Leon 34323 1962–2026 50
6 Miranda warning Miranda v. Arizona 32919 1967–2026 49
7 due process clause Commonwealth v. Peterson 31427 1906–2026 43
8 contemporaneous objection rule Jason N. Creamer v. Commonwealth of Virginia 2943 1982–2026 141
9 warrant requirement United States v. Robinson 27820 1974–2026 49
10 harmless error Commonwealth v. White 2734 1897–2026 74
11 Fourth Amendment violation Whren v. United States 26919 1968–2026 43
12 Terry stop Terry v. Ohio 24414 1983–2026 31
13 judicial restraint dictates that we decide doctrine Commonwealth v. White 2422 2015–2026 192
14 de novo standard Box v. Talley 2404 1988–2026 76
15 ore tenus hearing Venable v. Venable 2306 1956–2026 13
16 sovereign immunity Messina v. Burden 22140 1973–2026 34
17 proponent instruction Commonwealth v. Vaughn 2057 1992–2026 90
18 double jeopardy clause Davis v. Commonwealth 19915 1970–2026 35
19 fundamental principle Jayquane D. Perry v. Commonwealth of Virginia 17715 1843–2025 31
20 non-constitutional error Clay v. Commonwealth 1582 1991–2026 62
21 certificate analysis Gray v. Commonwealth 1557 1970–2026 25
22 proffered instruction McClung v. Commonwealth 1435 1975–2026 31
23 good faith exception United States v. Leon 13816 1916–2026 32
24 proffered jury instruction Commonwealth v. Vaughn 1362 1999–2026 69
25 Fifth Amendment privilege Miranda v. Arizona 1329 1967–2026 13
26 per se rule Ake v. Oklahoma 1248 1977–2026 19
27 preponderance of the evidence standard Toms v. Hanover Department of Social Services 1247 1922–2025 26
28 res judicata doctrine Bates v. Devers 12317 1851–2026 11
29 Brady violation United States v. Bagley 1087 1980–2026 18
30 interpanel accord doctrine Clinchfield Coal Co. v. Reed 1052 2006–2026 56
31 Virginia rule Lentz v. Morris 10016 1923–2026 5
32 equal protection clause Batson v. Kentucky 9911 1921–2024 2
33 prima facie presumption Kay Management Co., Inc. v. Creason 9910 1852–2026 14
34 probable cause standard Maryland v. Pringle 9311 1975–2026 20
35 Blockburger test Blockburger v. United States 899 1979–2026 9
36 opportunity of seeing hearing Schneider v. Commonwealth 882 1985–2026 30
37 plain view doctrine Coolidge v. New Hampshire 827 1987–2026 13
38 parol evidence rule High Knob, Inc. v. Allen 8015 1920–2025 8
39 refused instruction Boone v. Commonwealth 803 1924–2025 5
40 confrontation clause Crawford v. Washington 775 1985–2026 12
41 law of the case doctrine Steinman v. Clinchfield Coal Corp. 773 1918–2026 25
42 judge to possible error Martin v. Commonwealth 761 1992–2024 8
43 sufficiency of the evidence analysis Hooker v. Commonwealth 763 1996–2026 25
44 company rule Branch v. Virginia Employment Commission & Virginia Chemical Co. 7514 1981–2025 2
45 good cause exception Pearce v. Commonwealth 743 1941–2026 37
46 knowing and intelligent waiver Miranda v. Arizona 7411 1974–2026 10
47 totality of the circumstances analysis Illinois v. Gates 748 1986–2026 20
48 federal constitutional error Chapman v. California 732 1920–2026 5
49 record which substantiates claim Robinson v. Robinson 721 1991–2025 51
50 reasonable-hypothesis principle Commonwealth v. Hudson 692 2004–2026 42
51 qualified privilege Great Coastal Express, Inc. v. Ellington 6722 1928–2026 5
52 wrong reason doctrine Perry v. Com. 672 2003–2025 33
53 host factors Delaware v. Van Arsdall 664 1987–2026 14
54 respondeat superior doctrine McNeill v. Spindler 6614 1914–2025 4
55 collateral estoppel doctrine Ashe v. Swenson 6511 1976–2024 1
56 reasonable doubt error Chapman v. California 652 1919–2026 10
57 Eighth Amendment challenge Vasquez v. Commonwealth 622 1983–2026 59
58 results analysis Reedy v. Commonwealth 624 1851–2025 6
59 Alford plea North Carolina v. Alford 613 1995–2025 23
60 second assignment error Artis v. Ottenberg's Bakers, Inc. 602 1883–2025 5
61 showing of manifest error Weeks v. Commonwealth 598 1985–2026 2
62 business records exception Kettler & Scott, Inc. v. Earth Technology Companies 575 1975–2025 10
63 bona fide claim Reed v. Commonwealth 564 1897–2026 14
64 automobile exception Maryland v. Dyson 558 1939–2025 18
65 demurrer test Welding, Inc. v. Bland County Service Authority 5520 1919–2026 6
66 protection of sovereign immunity James v. Jane 5517 1983–2026 7
67 Batson challenge Batson v. Kentucky 543 1989–2025 8
68 burden of proving claim Massey Builders Supply Corp. v. Colgan 548 1918–2024 5
69 elementary rule Cave Hill Corp. v. Hiers 546 1851–2025 4
70 insanity defense Stamper v. Commonwealth 534 1981–2025 9
71 Edwards rule Arizona v. Roberson 526 1986–2026 4
72 effect of the asserted error Johnson v. Raviotta 522 2002–2026 20
73 safety rule Brockway v. Easter 524 1966–2024 5
74 blood or breath test Commonwealth v. Rafferty 517 1976–2024 2
75 economic loss rule Sensenbrenner v. Rust, Orling & Neale, Architects, Inc. 5116 1987–2026 6
76 inevitable discovery doctrine Commonwealth v. Jones 517 1986–2026 9
77 known right privilege Johnson v. Zerbst 516 1966–2026 7
78 Sixth Amendment violation United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez 513 1983–2026 10
79 standing inquiry DePriest v. Commonwealth 513 1876–2026 17
80 firearm violation Armstrong v. Commonwealth 502 1994–2026 11
81 last clear chance doctrine Greear v. Noland Company 502 1911–2018 0
82 reasonable suspicion standard United States v. Arvizu 503 1987–2026 12
83 explicit cautionary instruction LeVasseur v. Commonwealth 493 1983–2026 6
84 grounds defense Alexander v. Kuykendall 4913 1912–2025 2
85 American rule Lannon v. Lee Conner Realty Corp. 488 1920–2026 9
86 date of the evidentiary hearing Clements v. Clements 482 1989–2025 7
87 show cause hearing Frazier v. Commonwealth 485 1991–2026 7
88 employment-at-will doctrine Bowman v. State Bank of Keysville 4717 1987–2025 2
89 proposed jury instruction Howsare v. Commonwealth 472 1999–2026 24
90 attorney-client privilege Commonwealth v. Edwards 4615 1978–2026 4
91 factor defense Ake v. Oklahoma 465 1985–2025 7
92 burden of rebutting presumption Rives v. Gooch 457 1924–2026 9
93 self-defense instruction Commonwealth v. Sands 452 1922–2025 10
94 estoppel doctrine Westminster-Canterbury of Hampton Roads, Inc. v. City of Virginia Beach 449 1877–2026 4
95 made error Rollins v. Commonwealth 442 1932–2024 15
96 circumstances analysis Illinois v. Gates 437 1877–2023 8
97 community caretaker doctrine Commonwealth v. Waters 435 1995–2025 10
98 transfer hearing Turner v. Commonwealth 437 1976–2011 0
99 holdings results waiver Johnson v. Commonwealth 421 2005–2026 28
100 manifest error Amanda Barbara Nichole Taylor v. Commonwealth of Virginia 425 1885–2026 18
101 offense violation Commonwealth v. Gregg 422 1922–2025 11
102 stare decisis doctrine Clinchfield Coal Co. v. Reed 426 1949–2025 6
103 claim of trial court error Marshall v. Commonwealth 411 2000–2020 0
104 discrete rule Commonwealth v. Hudson 402 2002–2026 22
105 English rule Powell v. Sims 407 1835–2009 0
106 imposition doctrine Odom v. Red Lobster 235 402 1955–2025 2
107 party who alleges reversible error Lutes v. Alexander 401 1992–2025 3
108 statute of limitations defense Boykins Narrow Fabrics Corp. v. Weldon Roofing & Sheet Metal, Inc. 408 1906–2025 9
109 Strickland test Strickland v. Washington 4012 1987–2025 2
110 approbate-reprobate doctrine Alford v. Commonwealth 382 2015–2026 24
111 collateral source rule Schickling v. Aspinall 3818 1986–2023 5
112 deferential abuse of discretion standard Seaton v. Commonwealth 382 2004–2026 13
113 five month requirement Ballance v. Commonwealth 383 1990–2026 8
114 judicial restraint doctrine Commonwealth v. White 382 2017–2026 31
115 equitable distribution hearing Trivett v. Trivett 373 1991–2026 6
116 non-constitutional harmless error Clay v. Commonwealth 372 2010–2026 13
117 plea of sovereign immunity Pike v. Hagaman 3713 1982–2025 9
118 residuary clause Proudfit v. Murray 376 1802–2024 2
119 subject matter inquiry Noll v. Rahal 379 1948–2023 2
120 work product doctrine Commonwealth v. Edwards 3720 1970–2018 0
121 clear and convincing standard In Re: Brown 367 1988–2026 8
122 laches doctrine Princess Anne Hills Civic League, Inc. v. Susan Constant Real Estate Trust 3610 1874–2026 1
123 materiality standard Carpitcher v. Com. 367 1987–2026 8
124 party invite error Rowe v. Com. 363 2006–2026 10
125 speedy trial violation Barker v. Wingo 365 1987–2025 9
126 suspicion standard Wayne Antonio Bland, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia 362 2007–2026 18
127 instruction is reversible error Boone v. Commonwealth 351 1990–2025 4
128 judicially created doctrine Bates v. Devers 356 1974–2026 4
129 principle rule Enders v. Brune 356 1840–2016 0
130 agency made a procedural error Johnston-Willis, Ltd. v. Kenley 348 1991–2019 0
131 chain of custody rule Robertson v. Commonwealth 342 1984–2025 15
132 compensability test National Linen Service v. McGuinn 342 1985–2021 1
133 evidence admitted error Ferguson v. Commonwealth 341 1993–2026 7
134 exigent circumstances exception Kentucky v. King 344 1992–2026 7
135 probation revocation hearing Gagnon v. Scarpelli 344 1985–2025 7
136 reasons rule Johnson v. Commonwealth 347 1901–2025 1
137 reliability test Neil v. Biggers 346 1970–2025 5
138 third-party claim Valley Landscape Co. v. Rolland 3413 1946–2025 2
139 charitable immunity Memorial Hospital v. Oakes, Adm'x 3316 1959–2021 1
140 conviction violation Phillips v. Commonwealth 333 1913–2026 1
141 felony-murder doctrine King v. Commonwealth 333 1978–2026 3
142 invited error King v. Commonwealth 332 1923–2025 5
143 lesser included offense instruction Commonwealth v. Donkor 332 1976–2025 4
144 makes error Bass v. Commonwealth 331 2000–2025 3
145 merger doctrine Empire Management & Development Co. v. Greenville Associates 3310 1990–2025 7
146 essence waiver Chawla v. BurgerBusters, Inc. 328 1896–2025 2
147 generally accepted rule Peck v. Kennedy, Zoning Adm'r 327 1907–2009 0
148 granting instruction Shelton v. Mullins 324 1903–2024 1
149 guiding principle Smith v. Pond 326 1932–2024 3
150 medical malpractice claim Bradshaw v. Aronovitch 3210 1987–2026 4

Top 150 by distinct citing opinions.

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