federal equal protection clause in Minnesota

12 Minnesota opinions name it 2 courts 1983–2012 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Minnesota courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (10)

Case	Followed	Cited
AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96, AFL-CIO v. Sundquistgreen minn · 1983 · cited in 4 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1987–1993 2 sentences 1991We have our state constitution and in interpreting our state equal protection clause, “we are not bound by federal court interpretation of the federal equal protection clause.” AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560, 580 (Minn. 1983) (Yetka, J., dissenting). 1991Guilliams v. Commissioner of Revenue, 299 N.W.2d 138, 142 (Minn.1980); Miller Brewing Co. v. State, 284 N.W.2d 353, 356 (Minn.1979). 4 But 2 years later, in AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560, 569 (Minn.1983), this court rephrased the test as being whether the statutory classification is “rationally related to the achievement of a legitimate governmental purpose,” and in a footnote we stressed that our approach to equal protection was “coextensive with * * * the federal equal protection clause.” Id. at 570 n. 12.	1	4
State v. Russellgreen minn · 1991 · cited in 2 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1992–2009 2 sentences 2009In Minnesota, courts “have required a reasonable connection between the actual, and not just the theoretical, effect of the challenged classification and the statutory goals.” State v. Russell, 477 N.W.2d 886, 889 (Minn.1991). (1) The distinctions which separate those included within the classification from those excluded must not be manifestly arbitrary or fanciful but must be genuine and substantial, thereby providing a natural and reasonable basis to justify legislation adapted to peculiar conditions and needs; (2) the classification must be genuine or relevant to the purpose of the law; th 1992State v. Russell, 477 N.W.2d 886 (Minn.1991).	1	2
Schober v. Commissioner of Revenuegreen minn · 2010 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 1 sentence 2012Schober v. Comm’r of Revenue, 778 N.W.2d 289, 293 (Minn.2010) (stating that the federal equal protection clause and the Minnesota uniformity clause offer “identical” protection).	1	1
Guilliams v. Commissioner of Revenuegreen minn · 1980 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991 2 sentences 1991Guilliams v. Commissioner of Revenue, 299 N.W.2d 138, 142 (Minn.1980); Miller Brewing Co. v. State, 284 N.W.2d 353, 356 (Minn.1979). 4 But 2 years later, in AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560, 569 (Minn.1983), this court rephrased the test as being whether the statutory classification is “rationally related to the achievement of a legitimate governmental purpose,” and in a footnote we stressed that our approach to equal protection was “coextensive with * * * the federal equal protection clause.” Id. at 570 n. 12. 1991Guilliams v. Commissioner of Revenue, 299 N.W.2d 138, 142 (Minn.1980); Miller Brewing Co. v. State, 284 N.W.2d 353, 356 (Minn.1979). [4] But 2 years later, in AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560, 569 (Minn.1983), this court rephrased the test as being whether the statutory classification is "rationally related to the achievement of a legitimate governmental purpose," and in a footnote we stressed that our approach to equal protection was "coextensive with * * * the federal equal protection clause." Id. at 570 n. 12.	1	1
Miller Brewing Co. v. Stategreen minn · 1979 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991 2 sentences 1991Guilliams v. Commissioner of Revenue, 299 N.W.2d 138, 142 (Minn.1980); Miller Brewing Co. v. State, 284 N.W.2d 353, 356 (Minn.1979). 4 But 2 years later, in AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560, 569 (Minn.1983), this court rephrased the test as being whether the statutory classification is “rationally related to the achievement of a legitimate governmental purpose,” and in a footnote we stressed that our approach to equal protection was “coextensive with * * * the federal equal protection clause.” Id. at 570 n. 12. 1991Guilliams v. Commissioner of Revenue, 299 N.W.2d 138, 142 (Minn.1980); Miller Brewing Co. v. State, 284 N.W.2d 353, 356 (Minn.1979). [4] But 2 years later, in AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560, 569 (Minn.1983), this court rephrased the test as being whether the statutory classification is "rationally related to the achievement of a legitimate governmental purpose," and in a footnote we stressed that our approach to equal protection was "coextensive with * * * the federal equal protection clause." Id. at 570 n. 12.	1	1
Hegenes v. Stategreen minn · 1983 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987 2 sentences 1987See, e.g., Hegenes v. State, 328 N.W.2d 719, 720-21 (Minn.1983); Matter of McCannell, 301 N.W.2d 910 , 916 n. 4 (Minn.1980). 1987See, e.g., Hegenes v. State, 328 N.W.2d 719, 720-21 (Minn.1983); Matter of McCannell, 301 N.W.2d 910 , 916 n. 4 (Minn.1980).	1	1
State v. Fullergreen minn · 1985 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987 1 sentence 1987See, e.g., State v. Fuller, 374 N.W.2d 722, 726-27 (Minn.1985) (reversing this court’s holding that the Minnesota Constitution’s double jeopardy clause precluded retrial when the United States Constitution would not); AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96, AFL-CIO v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 570 n. 12 (Minn.1983) (reiterating that the prohibition against arbitrary legislative action embodied in the state equal protection clause, the state uniformity clause and the state special legislation clause is coextensive with that afforded by the federal equal protection clause); State v. Century Camera, In	1	1
Shreve v. Department of Economic Securitygreen minn · 1979 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983 1 sentence 1983See, e.g., Shreve v. Department of Economic Security, 283 N.W.2d 506, 509 (Minn.1979); Anderson v. City of St.	1	1
Minneapolis Federation of Teachers, Local 59 v. Obermeyergreen minn · 1966 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983 2 sentences 1983See State v. Forge, 262 N.W.2d 341 , 347 n. 23 (Minn.1977); Minneapolis Federation of Teachers Local 59 v. Obermeyer, 275 Minn. 347, 354 , 147 N.W.2d 358, 363 (1966). . 1983See State v. Forge, 262 N.W.2d 341 , 347 n. 23 (Minn.1977); Minneapolis Federation of Teachers Local 59 v. Obermeyer, 275 Minn. 347, 354 , 147 N.W.2d 358, 363 (1966). .	1	1
State v. Forgegreen minn · 1977 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983 2 sentences 1983See State v. Forge, 262 N.W.2d 341 , 347 n. 23 (Minn.1977); Minneapolis Federation of Teachers Local 59 v. Obermeyer, 275 Minn. 347, 354 , 147 N.W.2d 358, 363 (1966). . 1983See State v. Forge, 262 N.W.2d 341 , 347 n. 23 (Minn.1977); Minneapolis Federation of Teachers Local 59 v. Obermeyer, 275 Minn. 347, 354 , 147 N.W.2d 358, 363 (1966). [12] A recurring expression of this rational basis standard is the following three-part test, which operates to uphold legislative classifications if: (1) the classification uniformly, without discrimination, applies to and embraces all who are similarly situated with respect to conditions or wants justifying appropriate legislation; (2) the distinctions which separate those who are included within the classification from those w	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Minnesota. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (14)

Case	Cited	Years
Washington v. Davis green scotus · 1976 2 sentences 2012There are two types of equal protection claims: “disparate treatment” and “disparate impact.” See Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229, 239 , 96 S.Ct. 2040 , 48 L.Ed.2d 597 (1976). 2012There are two types of equal protection claims: “disparate treatment” and “disparate impact.” See Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229, 239 , 96 S.Ct. 2040 , 48 L.Ed.2d 597 (1976).	1	2012–2012
Gluba Ex Rel. Gluba v. Bitzan & Ohren Masonry green minn · 2007 1 sentence 2009Unlike the federal equal-protection analysis, however, when considering an equal-protection claim under the Minnesota Constitution, we are “unwilling to hypothesize a rational basis to justify a classification, as the more deferential federal standard requires.” Id. (quotations omitted).	1	2009–2009
Minnesota v. National Tea Co. green scotus · 1940 2 sentences 1993In 1939, this court followed Stewart in National Tea Co. v. State, 205 Minn. 443 , 286 N.W. 360 (1939), vacated and remanded, 309 U.S. 551 , 60 S.Ct. 676 , 84 L.Ed. 920 , aff'd on remand, 208 Minn. 607 , 294 N.W. 230 (1940), by striking down a similar tax. 1993In 1939, this court followed Stewart in National Tea Co. v. State, 205 Minn. 443 , 286 N.W. 360 (1939), vacated and remanded, 309 U.S. 551 , 60 S.Ct. 676 , 84 L.Ed. 920 , aff'd on remand, 208 Minn. 607 , 294 N.W. 230 (1940), by striking down a similar tax.	1	1993–1993
Stewart Dry Goods Co. v. Lewis green scotus · 1935 2 sentences 1993Relators’ claim is that the combined receipts tax is unconstitutional “because it is a graduated gross receipts tax.” They rely on a 1935 United States Supreme Court decision, Stewart Dry Goods Co. v. Lewis, 294 U.S. 550 , 55 S.Ct. 525 , 79 L.Ed. 1054 (1935), which held that a Kentucky graduated gross receipts tax was unconstitutional because it violated the federal equal protection clause. 1993Relators’ claim is that the combined receipts tax is unconstitutional “because it is a graduated gross receipts tax.” They rely on a 1935 United States Supreme Court decision, Stewart Dry Goods Co. v. Lewis, 294 U.S. 550 , 55 S.Ct. 525 , 79 L.Ed. 1054 (1935), which held that a Kentucky graduated gross receipts tax was unconstitutional because it violated the federal equal protection clause.	1	1993–1993
National Tea Co. v. State neutral minn · 1939 2 sentences 1993In 1939, this court followed Stewart in National Tea Co. v. State, 205 Minn. 443 , 286 N.W. 360 (1939), vacated and remanded, 309 U.S. 551 , 60 S.Ct. 676 , 84 L.Ed. 920 , aff'd on remand, 208 Minn. 607 , 294 N.W. 230 (1940), by striking down a similar tax. 1993In 1939, this court followed Stewart in National Tea Co. v. State, 205 Minn. 443 , 286 N.W. 360 (1939), vacated and remanded, 309 U.S. 551 , 60 S.Ct. 676 , 84 L.Ed. 920 , aff'd on remand, 208 Minn. 607 , 294 N.W. 230 (1940), by striking down a similar tax.	1	1993–1993
National Tea Co. v. State green minn · 1940 2 sentences 1993In 1939, this court followed Stewart in National Tea Co. v. State, 205 Minn. 443 , 286 N.W. 360 (1939), vacated and remanded, 309 U.S. 551 , 60 S.Ct. 676 , 84 L.Ed. 920 , aff'd on remand, 208 Minn. 607 , 294 N.W. 230 (1940), by striking down a similar tax. 1993In 1939, this court followed Stewart in National Tea Co. v. State, 205 Minn. 443 , 286 N.W. 360 (1939), vacated and remanded, 309 U.S. 551 , 60 S.Ct. 676 , 84 L.Ed. 920 , aff'd on remand, 208 Minn. 607 , 294 N.W. 230 (1940), by striking down a similar tax.	1	1993–1993
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez green scotus · 1973 2 sentences 1993Id. at 55 , 93 S.Ct. at 1308 . 1993Id. at 55 , 93 S.Ct. at 1308 .	1	1993–1993
City of Pleasanton v. Smith neutral scotus · 1984 2 sentences 1993AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 569 n. 11 (Minn. 1983), appeal dismissed, 466 U.S. 933 , 104 S.Ct. 1902 , 80 L.Ed.2d 452 (1984). 1993AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 569 n. 11 (Minn.1983), appeal dismissed, 466 U.S. 933 , 104 S.Ct. 1902 , 80 L.Ed.2d 452 (1984).	1	1993–1993
Pointon v. Donovan green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 1993AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 569 n. 11 (Minn. 1983), appeal dismissed, 466 U.S. 933 , 104 S.Ct. 1902 , 80 L.Ed.2d 452 (1984). 1993AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 569 n. 11 (Minn.1983), appeal dismissed, 466 U.S. 933 , 104 S.Ct. 1902 , 80 L.Ed.2d 452 (1984).	1	1993–1993
Southern Pacific Transportation Co. v. Public Utilities Commission neutral scotus · 1984 2 sentences 1993AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 569 n. 11 (Minn. 1983), appeal dismissed, 466 U.S. 933 , 104 S.Ct. 1902 , 80 L.Ed.2d 452 (1984). 1993AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96 v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 569 n. 11 (Minn.1983), appeal dismissed, 466 U.S. 933 , 104 S.Ct. 1902 , 80 L.Ed.2d 452 (1984).	1	1993–1993
Williams v. Illinois green scotus · 1970 2 sentences 1992In applying an equal protection analysis to the sentencing statute in Williams , the Court stated that the federal equal protection clause prohibits states from imprisoning for a period longer than the statutory maximum a defendant who is financially unable to pay a fine. 399 U.S. at 243 , 90 S.Ct. at 2023 . 1992In applying an equal protection analysis to the sentencing statute in Williams , the Court stated that the federal equal protection clause prohibits states from imprisoning for a period longer than the statutory maximum a defendant who is financially unable to pay a fine. 399 U.S. at 243 , 90 S.Ct. at 2023 .	1	1992–1992
State by Spannaus v. Century Camera, Inc. green minn · 1981 1 sentence 1987See, e.g., State v. Fuller, 374 N.W.2d 722, 726-27 (Minn.1985) (reversing this court’s holding that the Minnesota Constitution’s double jeopardy clause precluded retrial when the United States Constitution would not); AFSCME Councils 6, 14, 65 & 96, AFL-CIO v. Sundquist, 338 N.W.2d 560 , 570 n. 12 (Minn.1983) (reiterating that the prohibition against arbitrary legislative action embodied in the state equal protection clause, the state uniformity clause and the state special legislation clause is coextensive with that afforded by the federal equal protection clause); State v. Century Camera, In	1	1987–1987
McCannel v. County of Hennepin green minn · 1980 2 sentences 1987See, e.g., Hegenes v. State, 328 N.W.2d 719, 720-21 (Minn.1983); Matter of McCannell, 301 N.W.2d 910 , 916 n. 4 (Minn.1980). 1987See, e.g., Hegenes v. State, 328 N.W.2d 719, 720-21 (Minn.1983); Matter of McCannell, 301 N.W.2d 910 , 916 n. 4 (Minn.1980).	1	1987–1987
Kossak v. Stalling green minn · 1979 2 sentences 1984Insofar as Kossak v. Stalling, 277 N.W.2d 30 (Minn.1979), is bottomed on a federal equal protection challenge, it is on very insubstantial grounds. 1984Insofar as Kossak v. Stalling, 277 N.W.2d 30 (Minn.1979), is bottomed on a federal equal protection challenge, it is on very insubstantial grounds.	1	1984–1984

Where else courts name it

CA 78 (1973–2025) WA 70 (1976–2025) NJ 26 (1973–2026) CT 25 (1974–2025) AK 22 (1980–2021) PA 19 (1977–2025) UT 16 (1989–2021) OR 14 (1978–2016) MA 14 (1980–2024) IA 12 (1987–2021) MN 12 (1983–2012) TX 12 (1983–2024) IL 11 (1975–2006) NY 10 (1977–2003) IN 10 (1968–2016) GA 9 (1992–2024) OH 9 (1991–2012) WY 8 (1990–2022) MI 8 (1969–2014) MD 7 (1981–2019) KY 5 (1992–2025) LA 5 (1978–1998) FL 4 (1972–2015) AL 4 (1995–2025) CO 3 (1979–1987) WV 3 (1988–1996) MT 3 (1999–2004) NV 2 (1983–1994) VT 2 (1999–2010) NE 2 (1992–2018) AZ 2 (1994–2008) VA 2 (2002–2024) NM 2 (1998–1999) WI 2 (1971–1989) NH 2 (1984–2013) ID 2 (1975–1993) NC 2 (1987–2023) MO 2 (1970–1978)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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