infringement test (North Dakota) · Go Syfert
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infringement test in North Dakota

12 North Dakota opinions name it 1 courts 1988–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by North Dakota courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (8)

CaseFollowedCited
Williams v. Leegreen
scotus · 1959 · cited in 12 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 1988–2021
2 sentences

2021“Under this standard, we review questions of law de novo, and findings of fact are subject to the clearly erroneous standard of review.” Id. [¶11] In Williams v. Lee, the United States Supreme Court established the infringement test, which states, “Essentially, absent governing Acts of Congress, the question has always been whether the state action infringed on the right of reservation Indians to make their own laws and be ruled by them.” 358 U.S. 217, 220 (1959).

2018Our decisions in those cases were based on the infringement test from Williams v. Lee , 358 U.S. 217 , 223, 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 (1959), under which state court jurisdiction over certain claims is not allowed if that jurisdiction "would undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves." We explained that under the infringement test, the United States Supreme Court has identified two categories of claims over which tribal courts have exclusive civil jurisdiction: (1) a claim by a non-Indian ag

712
McKenzie County Social Services Board Ex Rel. Sax v. V.G.green
nd · 1986 · cited in 5 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 1988–2013
2 sentences

2013In Roe v. Doe , 2002 ND 136, ¶¶ 7, 12 , 649 N.W.2d 566 , we discussed a number of our previous cases holding a state court did not have subject matter jurisdiction and explained why the tribal courts had exclusive jurisdiction in those cases: We based our decisions in McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G. [, 392 N.W.2d 399 (N.D. 1986)], In re M.L.M. [, 529 N.W.2d 184 (N.D. 1995)], and McKenzie County Social Service Bd. v. C.G. [, 2001 ND 151 , 633 N.W.2d 157 ,] on the infringement test of Williams v. Lee , 358 U.S. 217 (1959).

2013In Roe v. Doe, 2002 ND 136, ¶¶ 7, 12 , 649 N.W.2d 566 , we discussed a number of our previous cases holding a state court did not have subject matter jurisdiction and explained why the tribal courts had exclusive jurisdiction in those cases: We based our decisions in McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G.[, 392 N.W.2d 399 (N.D.1986) ], In re M.L.M.[, 529 N.W.2d 184 (N.D.1995) ], and McKenzie County Social Service Bd. v. C.G.[, 2001 ND 151 , 633 N.W.2d 157 ,] on the infringement test of Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959).

45
Roe v. Doegreen
nd · 2002 · cited in 7 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2004–2021
2 sentences

2018As we explained in Roe , 2002 ND 136 , ¶ 19, 649 N.W.2d 566 , the infringement test does not preclude a state court from exercising jurisdiction over an action against a nonmember Indian.

2018As we explained in Roe , 2002 ND 136 , ¶ 19, 649 N.W.2d 566 , the infringement test does not preclude a state court from exercising jurisdiction over an action against a nonmember Indian.

27
Byzewski v. Byzewskigreen
nd · 1988 · cited in 2 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2005–2009
2 sentences

2009The Court applied the infringement test of Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217 , 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 (1959), and, stressing that “[a]ll incidents giving rise to the custody and support issues in this action for dissolution of the second marriage occurred on the reservation,” and noting that “[t]he parties were married and lived together on the reservation with the children up until the time of separation,” concluded that “under these circumstances, the district court’s exercise of jurisdiction over child custody and support in [the state] divorce action ‘infringed on the right of reservatio

2005Byzewski, 429 N.W.2d at 398 (citations omitted). [¶ 19] While I did not sign the Byzew-ski majority but rather concurred on the basis of first in time, I have subsequently recognized Byzewski as the controlling precedent.

12
Winer v. Penny Enterprises, Inc.green
nd · 2004 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Under the first category of the infringement test, state subject matter jurisdiction is precluded when “a non-Indian asserts a claim against an Indian for conduct occurring on that 4 Indian’s reservation.” See Winer, 2004 ND 21, ¶ 11 (internal citations omitted).

11
Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation v. Wold Engineering, P. C.green
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011Under the infringement test set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217, 223 , 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 (1959), state court jurisdiction over certain claims is prohibited if it would “undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves.” Kelly , at ¶ 11 (quoting Williams, at 223, 79 S.Ct. 269 ); see also Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reserva tion v. Wold Eng’g, P.C., 467 U.S. 188 , 147-48, 104 S.Ct. 2267 , 81 L.Ed.2d 113 (1984).

2011Under the infringement test set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217, 223 , 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 (1959), state court jurisdiction over certain claims is prohibited if it would “undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves.” Kelly , at ¶ 11 (quoting Williams, at 223, 79 S.Ct. 269 ); see also Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reserva tion v. Wold Eng’g, P.C., 467 U.S. 188 , 147-48, 104 S.Ct. 2267 , 81 L.Ed.2d 113 (1984).

11
State v. Zamangreen
ariz · 1997 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
1 sentence

2002See id. at 461.

11
Fisher v. District Court of the Sixteenth Judicial District of Montanagreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
2 sentences

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Dakota. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (8)

CaseCitedYears
McKenzie County Social Service Board v. C.G. green
nd · 2001
2 sentences

2013In Roe v. Doe, 2002 ND 136, ¶¶ 7, 12 , 649 N.W.2d 566 , we discussed a number of our previous cases holding a state court did not have subject matter jurisdiction and explained why the tribal courts had exclusive jurisdiction in those cases: We based our decisions in McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G.[, 392 N.W.2d 399 (N.D.1986) ], In re M.L.M.[, 529 N.W.2d 184 (N.D.1995) ], and McKenzie County Social Service Bd. v. C.G.[, 2001 ND 151 , 633 N.W.2d 157 ,] on the infringement test of Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959).

2013In Roe v. Doe, 2002 ND 136, ¶¶ 7, 12 , 649 N.W.2d 566 , we discussed a number of our previous cases holding a state court did not have subject matter jurisdiction and explained why the tribal courts had exclusive jurisdiction in those cases: We based our decisions in McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G.[, 392 N.W.2d 399 (N.D.1986) ], In re M.L.M.[, 529 N.W.2d 184 (N.D.1995) ], and McKenzie County Social Service Bd. v. C.G.[, 2001 ND 151 , 633 N.W.2d 157 ,] on the infringement test of Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959).

22013–2013
In Interest of MLM green
nd · 1995
2 sentences

2013In Roe v. Doe , 2002 ND 136, ¶¶ 7, 12 , 649 N.W.2d 566 , we discussed a number of our previous cases holding a state court did not have subject matter jurisdiction and explained why the tribal courts had exclusive jurisdiction in those cases: We based our decisions in McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G. [, 392 N.W.2d 399 (N.D. 1986)], In re M.L.M. [, 529 N.W.2d 184 (N.D. 1995)], and McKenzie County Social Service Bd. v. C.G. [, 2001 ND 151 , 633 N.W.2d 157 ,] on the infringement test of Williams v. Lee , 358 U.S. 217 (1959).

2013In Roe v. Doe, 2002 ND 136, ¶¶ 7, 12 , 649 N.W.2d 566 , we discussed a number of our previous cases holding a state court did not have subject matter jurisdiction and explained why the tribal courts had exclusive jurisdiction in those cases: We based our decisions in McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G.[, 392 N.W.2d 399 (N.D.1986) ], In re M.L.M.[, 529 N.W.2d 184 (N.D.1995) ], and McKenzie County Social Service Bd. v. C.G.[, 2001 ND 151 , 633 N.W.2d 157 ,] on the infringement test of Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959).

22013–2013
Luger v. Luger green
nd · 2009
2 sentences

2013In addition, Under the infringement test as set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217, 223 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959), state court jurisdiction over certain claims is not allowed if it would “undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves.” Rolette County Social Service Bd. v. B.E., 2005 ND 101, ¶ 6 , 697 N.W.2d 333 . [¶ 9] In Luger v. Luger, we held the state court did not lack subject matter jurisdiction in a civil dispute between two enrolled memb

2013In addition, Under the infringement test as set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217, 223 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959), state court jurisdiction over certain claims is not allowed if it would “undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves.” Rolette County Social Service Bd. v. B.E., 2005 ND 101, ¶ 6 , 697 N.W.2d 333 . [¶ 9] In Luger v. Luger, we held the state court did not lack subject matter jurisdiction in a civil dispute between two enrolled memb

12013–2013
Rolette County Social Service Board v. B.E. neutral
nd · 2005
2 sentences

2013In addition, Under the infringement test as set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217, 223 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959), state court jurisdiction over certain claims is not allowed if it would “undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves.” Rolette County Social Service Bd. v. B.E., 2005 ND 101, ¶ 6 , 697 N.W.2d 333 . [¶ 9] In Luger v. Luger, we held the state court did not lack subject matter jurisdiction in a civil dispute between two enrolled memb

2013In addition, Under the infringement test as set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. 217, 223 [ 79 S.Ct. 269 , 3 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1959), state court jurisdiction over certain claims is not allowed if it would “undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves.” Rolette County Social Service Bd. v. B.E., 2005 ND 101, ¶ 6 , 697 N.W.2d 333 . [¶ 9] In Luger v. Luger, we held the state court did not lack subject matter jurisdiction in a civil dispute between two enrolled memb

12013–2013
Schantz v. White Lightning green
nd · 1975
2 sentences

2004Under the infringement test of Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. at 223 , 79 S.Ct. 269 state courts have no jurisdiction over claims if it "would undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves." [¶ 12] This Court relied upon Williams v. Lee in Schantz v. White Lightning, 231 N.W.2d 812 (N.D.1975), a case the district court found indistinguishable from the present case.

2004Under the infringement test of Williams v. Lee, 358 U.S. at 223 , 79 S.Ct. 269 state courts have no jurisdiction over claims if it “would undermine the authority of the tribal courts over Reservation affairs and hence would infringe on the right of the Indians to govern themselves.” [¶ 12] This Court relied upon Williams v. Lee in Schantz v. White Lightning, 231 N.W.2d 812 (N.D.1975), a case the district court found indistinguishable from the present case.

12004–2004
Troxler Hosiery Co. v. United States green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

11988–1988
Nielsen v. Utah green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

11988–1988
Blue Cross Ass'n v. Department of Health & Human Services green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

1988See generally Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382 , 389 n. 14, 96 S.Ct. 943 , 948 n. 14, 47 L.Ed.2d 106 (1976); McKenzie County Social Services Bd. v. V.G., 392 N.W.2d 399, 402 (N.D.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 930 , 107 S.Ct. 1566 , 94 L.Ed.2d 758 (1987).

11988–1988

Statutes the citing opinions construe

ND § N.D. Cent. Code § 27-05-06 (3) ND § N.D. Cent. Code § 28-27-01 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 17 (1965–2025) NM 13 (1981–2024) TX 13 (1906–2003) ND 12 (1988–2021) AL 8 (1877–1999) LA 6 (1976–2020) AZ 5 (1985–2023) NC 5 (1925–2019) CT 5 (1979–2021) IL 4 (2020–2023) MO 4 (1963–1984) MA 4 (1984–2016) SD 4 (2019–2021) OK 4 (1950–2022) WA 4 (1939–2004) KS 3 (1909–2024) IN 3 (1981–2025) MN 3 (1876–1996) MD 3 (1958–2009) PA 3 (1959–1981) CO 3 (2014–2016) IA 3 (1893–1991) TN 2 (1935–2026) GA 2 (2015–2022) NY 2 (1962–1991) WY 2 (1992–2015) WI 2 (1986–2021)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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