Eleventh Amendment immunity in Georgia

11 Georgia opinions name it 2 courts 2002–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Georgia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (23)

Case	Followed	Cited
Alden v. Mainegreen scotus · 1999 · cited in 3 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2024 2 sentences 2024See Alden, 527 U. S. at 712 (I) (framing the issue of whether the state of Maine was immune to claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act in its own courts in terms of Eleventh Amendment immunity); see also Ga. Ports Auth. v. Lawyer, 304 Ga. 667, 674-675 (3) ( 821 SE2d 22 ) (2018). 2024See Alden, 527 U. S. at 754-755 (III); Ga. Ports Auth., 304 Ga. at 682 (5) (As an “arm of the state,” Ports Authority is entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity in federal court and thus is entitled to sovereign immunity in state court “except to the extent that the State has consented to the suit.”).	3	3
Ga. Ports Auth. v. Lawyergreen ga · 2018 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2024–2026 2 sentences 2026Ga. Ports Auth., 304 Ga. at 668 (1). 7 supplemental briefing that the plaintiffs even mentioned that Eleventh Amendment immunity would not protect the school district because it was not an arm of the State. 2024See Alden, 527 U. S. at 712 (I) (framing the issue of whether the state of Maine was immune to claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act in its own courts in terms of Eleventh Amendment immunity); see also Ga. Ports Auth. v. Lawyer, 304 Ga. 667, 674-675 (3) ( 821 SE2d 22 ) (2018).	2	2
Georgia Ports Authority v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KGgreen gactapp · 2003 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2017–2022 2 sentences 2022However, “the Eleventh Amendment does not bar actions for damages against state officials in their individual capacities, which seek recovery from the officials’ personal funds.” Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 262 Ga. App. 591, 595 (4) ( 585 SE2d 883 ) (2003), overruled on other grounds by Hines v. Georgia Ports Auth., 278 Ga. 631 ( 604 SE2d 189 ) (2004)4; see Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 272 Ga. App. 638 ( 612 SE2d 927 ) (2005); see also Alden v. Maine, 527 U. S. 706, 757 (III) ( 119 SCt 2240 , 114 LE2d 2022However, “the Eleventh Amendment does not bar actions for damages against state officials in their individual capacities, which seek recovery from the officials’ personal funds.” Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 262 Ga. App. 591, 595 (4) ( 585 SE2d 883 ) (2003), overruled on other grounds by Hines v. Georgia Ports Auth., 278 Ga. 631 ( 604 SE2d 189 ) (2004)4; see Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 272 Ga. App. 638 ( 612 SE2d 927 ) (2005); see also Alden v. Maine, 527 U. S. 706, 757 (III) ( 119 SCt 2240 , 114 LE2d	2	2
Grech v. Clayton County, GAgreen ca11 · 2003 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2007 2 sentences 2007OCGA § 50-21-24 (2). 3 Under 42 USC § 1983 , a person who acts under the color of law to deprive another of the “rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured.” 4 The defendants also rely upon two Eleventh Circuit cases: Manders v. Lee, 338 F3d 1304, 1328 (V) (11th Cir. 2003) (finding that the Sheriff of Clinch County functioned as an arm of the state in establishing use-of-force training policies, that he was entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity for those particular functions, and, therefore, he could not be sued by a Georgia c 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra	1	2
Board of Trustees of Univ. of Ala. v. Garrettgreen scotus · 2001 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024 2 sentences 2024Importantly, in Board of Trustees of University of Alabama v. Garrett, the United States Supreme Court held that Congress had not abrogated the states’ Eleventh Amendment immunity to claims for monetary damages brought by private citizens under Title I of the ADA.6 531 U. S. 356, 368, 374 (III) ( 121 SCt 955 , 148 LE2d 866) (2001). 2024Importantly, in Board of Trustees of University of Alabama v. Garrett, the United States Supreme Court held that Congress had not abrogated the states’ Eleventh Amendment immunity to claims for monetary damages brought by private citizens under Title I of the ADA.6 531 U. S. 356, 368, 374 (III) ( 121 SCt 955 , 148 LE2d 866) (2001).	1	1
Williamson v. Department of Human Resourcesgreen gactapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024 1 sentence 2024See 258 Ga. App. at 115-116 (1).	1	1
WILLIAMS v. DEKALB COUNTYgreen ga · 2020 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022 2 sentences 2022“The appellate court reviews de novo the trial court’s ruling on the [defendant’s] motion to dismiss, accepting as true all well-pled material allegations in the complaint and resolving any doubts in favor of the plaintiff.” Williams v. DeKalb County, 308 Ga. 265, 270 (2) ( 840 SE2d 423 ) (2020) (citation and punctuation omitted). 2022“The appellate court reviews de novo the trial court’s ruling on the [defendant’s] motion to dismiss, accepting as true all well-pled material allegations in the complaint and resolving any doubts in favor of the plaintiff.” Williams v. DeKalb County, 308 Ga. 265, 270 (2) ( 840 SE2d 423 ) (2020) (citation and punctuation omitted).	1	1
Georgia Ports Authority v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KGgreen gactapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022 2 sentences 2022However, “the Eleventh Amendment does not bar actions for damages against state officials in their individual capacities, which seek recovery from the officials’ personal funds.” Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 262 Ga. App. 591, 595 (4) ( 585 SE2d 883 ) (2003), overruled on other grounds by Hines v. Georgia Ports Auth., 278 Ga. 631 ( 604 SE2d 189 ) (2004)4; see Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 272 Ga. App. 638 ( 612 SE2d 927 ) (2005); see also Alden v. Maine, 527 U. S. 706, 757 (III) ( 119 SCt 2240 , 114 LE2d 2022However, “the Eleventh Amendment does not bar actions for damages against state officials in their individual capacities, which seek recovery from the officials’ personal funds.” Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 262 Ga. App. 591, 595 (4) ( 585 SE2d 883 ) (2003), overruled on other grounds by Hines v. Georgia Ports Auth., 278 Ga. 631 ( 604 SE2d 189 ) (2004)4; see Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 272 Ga. App. 638 ( 612 SE2d 927 ) (2005); see also Alden v. Maine, 527 U. S. 706, 757 (III) ( 119 SCt 2240 , 114 LE2d	1	1
Vierling v. Celebrity Cruises, Inc.green ca11 · 2003 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 1 sentence 2017Under that test, whether a state entity is entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity depends upon three factors: “(1) how state law defines the entity; (2) what degree of control the state maintains over the entity; and (3) from where the entity derives its funds and who is responsible for satisfying the judgments against the entity.” Id., citing Vierling v. Celebrity Cruises, 339 F3d 1309, 1314 (II) (11th Cir. 2003).	1	1
Ex Parte State of New York, No. 1green scotus · 1921 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 2 sentences 2017See In the Matter of State of New York, 256 U. S. 490, 497 ( 41 SCt 588 , 65 LE 1057) (1921) (Eleventh Amendment immunity applies to federal admiralty and maritime claims.). 2017See In the Matter of State of New York, 256 U. S. 490, 497 ( 41 SCt 588 , 65 LE 1057) (1921) (Eleventh Amendment immunity applies to federal admiralty and maritime claims.).	1	1
Willie Santonio Manders v. Thurman Leegreen ca11 · 2002 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007 1 sentence 2007OCGA § 50-21-24 (2). 3 Under 42 USC § 1983 , a person who acts under the color of law to deprive another of the “rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured.” 4 The defendants also rely upon two Eleventh Circuit cases: Manders v. Lee, 338 F3d 1304, 1328 (V) (11th Cir. 2003) (finding that the Sheriff of Clinch County functioned as an arm of the state in establishing use-of-force training policies, that he was entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity for those particular functions, and, therefore, he could not be sued by a Georgia c	1	1
Wolfe v. Huffgreen ga · 1974 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra	1	1
Chaffin v. Calhoungreen ga · 1992 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra	1	1
BOARD OF COM'RS OF DOUGHERTY COUNTY v. Sabagreen ga · 2004 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra	1	1
Brown v. Jacksongreen gactapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Accord Brown v. Jackson, 221 Ga. App. 200, 201 (2) ( 470 SE2d 786 ) (1996); Wayne County v. Herrin, 210 Ga. App. 747, 751 (3) ( 437 SE2d 793 ) (1993). 29 OCGA§ 15-16-23. 30 OCGA§ 15-16-26 (c). 31 See generally Warren v. Walton, 231 Ga. 495, 498-500 (1) ( 202 SE2d 405 ) (1973) (sheriffs office is exempt from Home Rule, currently Ga. Const, of 1983, Art. 2005Accord Brown v. Jackson, 221 Ga. App. 200, 201 (2) ( 470 SE2d 786 ) (1996); Wayne County v. Herrin, 210 Ga. App. 747, 751 (3) ( 437 SE2d 793 ) (1993). 29 OCGA§ 15-16-23. 30 OCGA§ 15-16-26 (c). 31 See generally Warren v. Walton, 231 Ga. 495, 498-500 (1) ( 202 SE2d 405 ) (1973) (sheriffs office is exempt from Home Rule, currently Ga. Const, of 1983, Art.	1	1
Warren v. Waltongreen ga · 1973 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Accord Brown v. Jackson, 221 Ga. App. 200, 201 (2) ( 470 SE2d 786 ) (1996); Wayne County v. Herrin, 210 Ga. App. 747, 751 (3) ( 437 SE2d 793 ) (1993). 29 OCGA§ 15-16-23. 30 OCGA§ 15-16-26 (c). 31 See generally Warren v. Walton, 231 Ga. 495, 498-500 (1) ( 202 SE2d 405 ) (1973) (sheriffs office is exempt from Home Rule, currently Ga. Const, of 1983, Art. 2005Accord Brown v. Jackson, 221 Ga. App. 200, 201 (2) ( 470 SE2d 786 ) (1996); Wayne County v. Herrin, 210 Ga. App. 747, 751 (3) ( 437 SE2d 793 ) (1993). 29 OCGA§ 15-16-23. 30 OCGA§ 15-16-26 (c). 31 See generally Warren v. Walton, 231 Ga. 495, 498-500 (1) ( 202 SE2d 405 ) (1973) (sheriffs office is exempt from Home Rule, currently Ga. Const, of 1983, Art.	1	1
Wayne County v. Herringreen gactapp · 1993 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Accord Brown v. Jackson, 221 Ga. App. 200, 201 (2) ( 470 SE2d 786 ) (1996); Wayne County v. Herrin, 210 Ga. App. 747, 751 (3) ( 437 SE2d 793 ) (1993). 29 OCGA§ 15-16-23. 30 OCGA§ 15-16-26 (c). 31 See generally Warren v. Walton, 231 Ga. 495, 498-500 (1) ( 202 SE2d 405 ) (1973) (sheriffs office is exempt from Home Rule, currently Ga. Const, of 1983, Art. 2005Accord Brown v. Jackson, 221 Ga. App. 200, 201 (2) ( 470 SE2d 786 ) (1996); Wayne County v. Herrin, 210 Ga. App. 747, 751 (3) ( 437 SE2d 793 ) (1993). 29 OCGA§ 15-16-23. 30 OCGA§ 15-16-26 (c). 31 See generally Warren v. Walton, 231 Ga. 495, 498-500 (1) ( 202 SE2d 405 ) (1973) (sheriffs office is exempt from Home Rule, currently Ga. Const, of 1983, Art.	1	1
Lowe v. Jones Countygreen gactapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra	1	1
Bakhtiarnejad v. Cox Enterprises, Inc.green gactapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003Co. v. Brewer, 122 Ga. App. 292, 293 ( 176 SE2d 665 ) (1970). 31 Brewer, supra. 32 See OCGA § 50-21-25 (a), (b). 33 See id. 34 See id. 35 See Bakhtiarnejad v. Cox Enterprises, 247 Ga. App. 205, 207-208 (1) ( 541 SE2d 33 ) (2000) (discussing standard of review on motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim). 2003Co. v. Brewer, 122 Ga. App. 292, 293 ( 176 SE2d 665 ) (1970). 31 Brewer, supra. 32 See OCGA § 50-21-25 (a), (b). 33 See id. 34 See id. 35 See Bakhtiarnejad v. Cox Enterprises, 247 Ga. App. 205, 207-208 (1) ( 541 SE2d 33 ) (2000) (discussing standard of review on motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim).	1	1
SOUTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY v. Brewergreen gactapp · 1970 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003Co. v. Brewer, 122 Ga. App. 292, 293 ( 176 SE2d 665 ) (1970). 31 Brewer, supra. 32 See OCGA § 50-21-25 (a), (b). 33 See id. 34 See id. 35 See Bakhtiarnejad v. Cox Enterprises, 247 Ga. App. 205, 207-208 (1) ( 541 SE2d 33 ) (2000) (discussing standard of review on motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim). 2003Co. v. Brewer, 122 Ga. App. 292, 293 ( 176 SE2d 665 ) (1970). 31 Brewer, supra. 32 See OCGA § 50-21-25 (a), (b). 33 See id. 34 See id. 35 See Bakhtiarnejad v. Cox Enterprises, 247 Ga. App. 205, 207-208 (1) ( 541 SE2d 33 ) (2000) (discussing standard of review on motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim).	1	1
Howlett Ex Rel. Howlett v. Rosegreen scotus · 1990 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See Lapides v. Bd. of Regents &c. of Ga., 535 U. S. 613 (122 SC 1640, 152 LE2d 806) (2002) (when Georgia removed to federal court a case under the Georgia Tort Claims Act, OCGA § 50-21-20 et seq., as to which it had explicitly waived sovereign immunity from state court proceedings, it voluntarily invoked the federal court’s jurisdiction and thereby waived Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in federal court). 2 We disapprove the Department’s repeated misrepresentation of the record, to the effect that Williamson “did not assert the ‘relation back’ doctrine before the State Court of Richmond 2002Cf. Alden v. Maine, 527 U. S. 706, 754-755 (III), 757-758 (IV) (119 SC 2240, 144 LE2d 636) (1999) (state enjoyed sovereign immunity as to claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, 29 USC § 201 et seq., because it had not waived sovereign immunity as to comparable actions under state law). 7 Howlett v. Rose, 496 U. S. at 380-381 (IV); McKnett v. St.	1	1
Lapides v. Board of Regents of Univ. System of Ga.green scotus · 2002 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See Lapides v. Bd. of Regents &c. of Ga., 535 U. S. 613 (122 SC 1640, 152 LE2d 806) (2002) (when Georgia removed to federal court a case under the Georgia Tort Claims Act, OCGA § 50-21-20 et seq., as to which it had explicitly waived sovereign immunity from state court proceedings, it voluntarily invoked the federal court’s jurisdiction and thereby waived Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in federal court). 2 We disapprove the Department’s repeated misrepresentation of the record, to the effect that Williamson “did not assert the ‘relation back’ doctrine before the State Court of Richmond	1	1
Rawls v. Bulloch County School Districtgreen gactapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See Lapides v. Bd. of Regents &c. of Ga., 535 U. S. 613 (122 SC 1640, 152 LE2d 806) (2002) (when Georgia removed to federal court a case under the Georgia Tort Claims Act, OCGA § 50-21-20 et seq., as to which it had explicitly waived sovereign immunity from state court proceedings, it voluntarily invoked the federal court’s jurisdiction and thereby waived Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in federal court). 2 We disapprove the Department’s repeated misrepresentation of the record, to the effect that Williamson “did not assert the ‘relation back’ doctrine before the State Court of Richmond 2002See Lapides v. Bd. of Regents &c. of Ga., 535 U. S. 613 (122 SC 1640, 152 LE2d 806) (2002) (when Georgia removed to federal court a case under the Georgia Tort Claims Act, OCGA § 50-21-20 et seq., as to which it had explicitly waived sovereign immunity from state court proceedings, it voluntarily invoked the federal court’s jurisdiction and thereby waived Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in federal court). 2 We disapprove the Department’s repeated misrepresentation of the record, to the effect that Williamson “did not assert the ‘relation back’ doctrine before the State Court of Richmond	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Georgia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (5)

Case	Cited	Years
Hines v. Georgia Ports Authority green ga · 2004 2 sentences 2022However, “the Eleventh Amendment does not bar actions for damages against state officials in their individual capacities, which seek recovery from the officials’ personal funds.” Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 262 Ga. App. 591, 595 (4) ( 585 SE2d 883 ) (2003), overruled on other grounds by Hines v. Georgia Ports Auth., 278 Ga. 631 ( 604 SE2d 189 ) (2004)4; see Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 272 Ga. App. 638 ( 612 SE2d 927 ) (2005); see also Alden v. Maine, 527 U. S. 706, 757 (III) ( 119 SCt 2240 , 114 LE2d 2022However, “the Eleventh Amendment does not bar actions for damages against state officials in their individual capacities, which seek recovery from the officials’ personal funds.” Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 262 Ga. App. 591, 595 (4) ( 585 SE2d 883 ) (2003), overruled on other grounds by Hines v. Georgia Ports Auth., 278 Ga. 631 ( 604 SE2d 189 ) (2004)4; see Georgia Ports Auth. v. Andre Rickmers Schiffsbeteiligungsges mbH & Co. KG, 272 Ga. App. 638 ( 612 SE2d 927 ) (2005); see also Alden v. Maine, 527 U. S. 706, 757 (III) ( 119 SCt 2240 , 114 LE2d	3	2018–2022
Raygor v. Regents of the University of Minnesota green scotus · 2000 1 sentence 2022Id.	1	2022–2022
Workman v. New York City green · 1900 1 sentence 2018We next considered whether the Ports Authority enjoys "Eleventh Amendment immunity," explaining that "Eleventh Amendment immunity, unlike state-conferred immunity, does apply to admiralty and maritime claims." Id. at 633 , 604 S.E.2d 189 (citation omitted).	1	2018–2018
Mayo v. Fulton County green gactapp · 1996 2 sentences 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra 2005Thus, the sheriff was held entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity from a § 1983 suit brought by an inmate who alleged excessive use of force; the county was not party to the appeal. 24 Grech, supra at 1347 (V) (A). 25 Bd. of Commrs. of Dougherty County v. Saba, 278 Ga. 176,177 (1) ( 598 SE2d 437 ) (2004), citing Wilson, supra. Accord Mayo v. Fulton County, 220 Ga. App. 825 (1) ( 470 SE2d 258 ) (1996). 26 (Punctuation omitted.) Chaffin v. Calhoun, 262 Ga. 202, 203 ( 415 SE2d 906 ) (1992), citing OCGA§ 15-16-10 (a) (8) and Wolfe v. Huff, 232 Ga. 44, 45 ( 205 SE2d 254 ) (1974). 27 Chaffin, supra	1	2005–2005
Finney v. Department of Corrections green ga · 1993 2 sentences 2002See Lapides v. Bd. of Regents &c. of Ga., 535 U. S. 613 (122 SC 1640, 152 LE2d 806) (2002) (when Georgia removed to federal court a case under the Georgia Tort Claims Act, OCGA § 50-21-20 et seq., as to which it had explicitly waived sovereign immunity from state court proceedings, it voluntarily invoked the federal court’s jurisdiction and thereby waived Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in federal court). 2 We disapprove the Department’s repeated misrepresentation of the record, to the effect that Williamson “did not assert the ‘relation back’ doctrine before the State Court of Richmond 2002See Lapides v. Bd. of Regents &c. of Ga., 535 U. S. 613 (122 SC 1640, 152 LE2d 806) (2002) (when Georgia removed to federal court a case under the Georgia Tort Claims Act, OCGA § 50-21-20 et seq., as to which it had explicitly waived sovereign immunity from state court proceedings, it voluntarily invoked the federal court’s jurisdiction and thereby waived Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in federal court). 2 We disapprove the Department’s repeated misrepresentation of the record, to the effect that Williamson “did not assert the ‘relation back’ doctrine before the State Court of Richmond	1	2002–2002

Statutes the citing opinions construe

GA § 50-21-20 (6) GA § 50-21-23 (6) GA § 50-21-25 (4) USC § 42u.s.c.1983 (4) GA § 50-21-22 (3) GA § 50-21-26 (3) GA § 50-21-29 (3) GA § 52-2-4 (3) GA § 9-11-12 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 64 (1992–2025) CA 29 (1984–2025) MD 24 (1986–2026) PA 21 (1983–2026) FL 20 (1986–2010) IN 19 (1993–2020) NY 16 (1978–2025) NM 14 (1986–2016) AL 13 (1983–2016) MI 11 (1983–2025) GA 11 (2002–2026) NJ 11 (1991–2025) CO 10 (1990–2026) ND 10 (1983–2019) CT 9 (1984–2020) MA 9 (1981–2004) ME 8 (1995–2018) WV 8 (1982–2023) IL 8 (1999–2025) NC 8 (1983–2013) OR 7 (1992–2007) HI 6 (1992–2025) OH 6 (1991–2005) IA 5 (2001–2020) WA 5 (1991–2016) LA 5 (1995–2009) VA 5 (2023–2025) AK 5 (1981–2017) KS 5 (1994–2016) MN 4 (1985–2017) AR 4 (1998–2014) DC 4 (1992–2022) AZ 4 (1988–2022) WY 4 (2010–2018) RI 3 (1983–2009) OK 3 (1981–1999) SC 3 (1990–2003) VI 3 (2023–2025) MT 3 (1992–2017) NE 3 (1984–2015) VT 3 (1990–2023) TN 2 (1992–2023) KY 2 (2011–2013) DE 2 (1998–1999) SD 2 (1997–1997) UT 2 (2014–2018) ID 2 (1987–1993) NV 2 (2006–2021) MP 2 (1996–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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