72 Oregon opinions name it 3 courts 1976–2025 9 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Oregon courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Thunderbird Hotels, LLC v. City of Portlandgreen2 sentences2012See Thunderbird Hotels, LLC v. City of Portland, 218 Or App 548, 556 , 180 P3d 87 (2008) (“ [M]ootness’ is a term of art concerning the authority of the courts to exercise the judicial power conferred by Article VII (Amended) of the Oregon Constitution and * * *, as an aspect of justiciability, it applies only to the courts and not to local governments or administrative agencies.”). 2012See Thunderbird Hotels, LLC v. City of Portland, 218 Or App 548, 556 , 180 P3d 87 (2008) (“ [M]ootness’ is a term of art concerning the authority of the courts to exercise the judicial power conferred by Article VII (Amended) of the Oregon Constitution and * * *, as an aspect of justiciability, it applies only to the courts and not to local governments or administrative agencies.”). | 2 | 2 |
Cyrus v. BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF DESCHUTESgreen2 sentences2012See Cyrus v. Board of County Commissioners, 226 Or App 1, 5 , 202 P3d 274 (2009) (“This court has an independent obligation to determine whether a case is justiciable, and mootness is part of that inquiry.” (Citation and internal quotation marks omitted.)). 2012See Cyrus v. Board of County Commissioners, 226 Or App 1, 5 , 202 P3d 274 (2009) (“This court has an independent obligation to determine whether a case is justiciable, and mootness is part of that inquiry.” (Citation and internal quotation marks omitted.)). | 2 | 2 |
Northwest Environmental Defense Center v. Mid-Willamette Air Pollution Authoritygreen2 sentences1982Auth., 16 Or App 638 , 519 P2d 1271 , rev den (1974), was a proceeding in which this court enunciated the distinction between a “contested case” and an “order in other than a contested case.” We determined that an order denying a contested case hearing was an “order in other than a contested case,” subject to review in circuit court. 16 Or App at 643 . 1982Auth., 16 Or App 638 , 519 P2d 1271 , rev den (1974), was a proceeding in which this court enunciated the distinction between a “contested case” and an “order in other than a contested case.” We determined that an order denying a contested case hearing was an “order in other than a contested case,” subject to review in circuit court. 16 Or App at 643 . | 1 | 4 |
Bay River, Inc. v. Environmental Quality Commissiongreen2 sentences2022Quality Comm., 26 Or App 717, 721-22 , 554 P2d 620 (1976) (citing McKart v. United States, 395 US 185 , 89 S Ct 1657 , 23 L Ed 2d 194 (1969)); see also Ashland Drilling, Inc. v. Jackson County, 168 Or App 624, 630 , 4 P3d 748 , rev den, 331 Or 429 (2000) (recognizing that APA exclusivity serves the same purposes as the exhaustion requirement, because “the APA establishes a comprehensive pattern for the judicial review of administrative decisions” (internal citation omitted)).1 1 We express no opinion on the propriety of the board’s apparent practice of informing license applicants that pursuin 2022Quality Comm., 26 Or App 717, 721-22 , 554 P2d 620 (1976) (citing McKart v. United States, 395 US 185 , 89 S Ct 1657 , 23 L Ed 2d 194 (1969)); see also Ashland Drilling, Inc. v. Jackson County, 168 Or App 624, 630 , 4 P3d 748 , rev den, 331 Or 429 (2000) (recognizing that APA exclusivity serves the same purposes as the exhaustion requirement, because “the APA establishes a comprehensive pattern for the judicial review of administrative decisions” (internal citation omitted)).1 1 We express no opinion on the propriety of the board’s apparent practice of informing license applicants that pursuin | 1 | 3 |
Larsen v. Board of Parolegreen2 sentences2009Apparently, the legislature intended those statutes to apply to aggravated murder review hearings; they were the specific statutes to which the legislature collectively referred in describing what it meant by a hearing in the ‘manner prescribed for a contested case hearing.’ ” Larsen v. Board of Parole, 206 Or App 353, 360 , 138 P3d 16 (2006). 2009Apparently, the legislature intended those statutes to apply to aggravated murder review hearings; they were the specific statutes to which the legislature collectively referred in describing what it meant by a hearing in the ‘manner prescribed for a contested case hearing.’ ” Larsen v. Board of Parole, 206 Or App 353, 360 , 138 P3d 16 (2006). | 1 | 2 |
South of Sunnyside Neighborhood League v. Board of Commissionersgreen2 sentences1980Sunnyside Neighborhood v. Clackamas Co. Comm., 280 Or 3, 10 , 569 P2d 1063 (1977); Fosses v. Portland Area LGBC, supra, at 650. 1980Sunnyside Neighborhood v. Clackamas Co. Comm., 280 Or 3, 10 , 569 P2d 1063 (1977); Fosses v. Portland Area LGBC, supra, at 650. | 1 | 2 |
Buena Dairy Associates v. State Department of Agriculturegreen2 sentences1979In subsequent legal proceedings, we held that petitioners were entitled to a contested case hearing, Buena Dairy v. Dept. of Agric., 25 Or App 381, 549 P2d 689 (1976), which they have now had and which they ask to be judicially reviewed. 1979In subsequent legal proceedings, we held that petitioners were entitled to a contested case hearing, Buena Dairy v. Dept. of Agric., 25 Or App 381, 549 P2d 689 (1976), which they have now had and which they ask to be judicially reviewed. | 1 | 2 |
Ashland Drilling, Inc. v. Jackson Countygreen2 sentences2022Quality Comm., 26 Or App 717, 721-22 , 554 P2d 620 (1976) (citing McKart v. United States, 395 US 185 , 89 S Ct 1657 , 23 L Ed 2d 194 (1969)); see also Ashland Drilling, Inc. v. Jackson County, 168 Or App 624, 630 , 4 P3d 748 , rev den, 331 Or 429 (2000) (recognizing that APA exclusivity serves the same purposes as the exhaustion requirement, because “the APA establishes a comprehensive pattern for the judicial review of administrative decisions” (internal citation omitted)).1 1 We express no opinion on the propriety of the board’s apparent practice of informing license applicants that pursuin 2022Quality Comm., 26 Or App 717, 721-22 , 554 P2d 620 (1976) (citing McKart v. United States, 395 US 185 , 89 S Ct 1657 , 23 L Ed 2d 194 (1969)); see also Ashland Drilling, Inc. v. Jackson County, 168 Or App 624, 630 , 4 P3d 748 , rev den, 331 Or 429 (2000) (recognizing that APA exclusivity serves the same purposes as the exhaustion requirement, because “the APA establishes a comprehensive pattern for the judicial review of administrative decisions” (internal citation omitted)).1 1 We express no opinion on the propriety of the board’s apparent practice of informing license applicants that pursuin | 1 | 1 |
Hooper v. Division of Medical Assistance Programsgreen1 sentence2018See Hooper v. Division of Medical Assistance Programs , 273 Or. | 1 | 1 |
Wieck v. Hostettergreen2 sentences2017ORS 183.450(2) (“The burden of presenting evidence to support a fact or position in a contested case rests on the proponent of the fact or position.”); see Wieck v. Hostetter, 274 Or App 457, 470 , 362 P3d 254 (2015) (explaining that a party that has the burden of proof on an issue at trial has the burden of producing evidence to establish that issue as a matter of law at the summary judgment stage). 2017ORS 183.450(2) (“The burden of presenting evidence to support a fact or position in a contested case rests on the proponent of the fact or position.”); see Wieck v. Hostetter, 274 Or App 457, 470 , 362 P3d 254 (2015) (explaining that a party that has the burden of proof on an issue at trial has the burden of producing evidence to establish that issue as a matter of law at the summary judgment stage). | 1 | 1 |
| Villanueva v. Board of Psychologist Examinersgreen | 1 | 1 |
Villanueva v. Board of Psychologist Examinersgreen2 sentences2015See Villanueva v. Board of Psychologist Examiners, 175 Or App 345, 358 , 27 P3d 1100 (2001), adh’d to on recons, 179 Or App 134 , 39 P3d 238 (2002) (holding that, where the notice, and pre-hearing letters, to the petitioner repeatedly tied the issue of consent to violations of certain ethical rules, and not the rule on which the board later based its order, “[petitioner reasonably could have understood that the question of consent was limited to those allegations [.]”). 2015See Villanueva v. Board of Psychologist Examiners, 175 Or App 345, 358 , 27 P3d 1100 (2001), adh’d to on recons, 179 Or App 134 , 39 P3d 238 (2002) (holding that, where the notice, and pre-hearing letters, to the petitioner repeatedly tied the issue of consent to violations of certain ethical rules, and not the rule on which the board later based its order, “[petitioner reasonably could have understood that the question of consent was limited to those allegations [.]”). | 1 | 1 |
| Rolfe v. Psychiatric Security Review Boardgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Drew v. Psychiatric Security Review Boardgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Oregon Occupational Safety & Health Division v. Don Whitaker Logging, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Supension of Driving Privileges of Cole v. Driver & Motor Vehicle Services Branchgreen | 1 | 1 |
| MacVeagh v. Multnomah Countygreen | 1 | 1 |
| MacVeagh v. Multnomah Countygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Berger v. SOSCFgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Lasley v. Ontario Renderinggreen | 1 | 1 |
| Shubert v. Blue Chipsgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Walther v. SAIF Corporationgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Fadeley v. Oregon Government Ethics Commissiongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Oregon. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Corey v. Department of Land Conservation & Development
green
2 sentences2021That is, OAR 345-027-0371 does not entitle peti- tioners to a contested case proceeding to demonstrate that their request for a contested case proceeding actually “raises a significant issue of fact or law that is reasonably likely to affect the Council’s determination whether the facility, with the change proposed by the amendment, meets the applica- ble laws and Council standards.” Corey, 210 Or App at 545 n 3 (“[W]hether an order should be reviewed by this court as an order in a contested case depends on whether petitioners were entitled to a contested case hearing * * *.”). 2008And, the Court of Appeals concluded, because DLCD should have employed contested case procedures, judicial review was available in the Court of Appeals under the provision of the Administrative Procedures Act pertaining to review of orders in contested cases (ORS 183.482). 210 Or App at 549-52 . 4 DLCD sought review of that decision in this court, challenging the ultimate jurisdictional holding and the underlying proposition that a contested case hearing is required to determine the scope of compensation (or waiver) whenever a public agency accepts a Measure 37 claim as *463 valid. | 4 | 2007–2021 |
Mathews v. Eldridge
green
2 sentences2012After balancing the factors that the United States Supreme Court described in Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 US 319 , 96 S Ct 893 , 47 L Ed 2d 18 (1976), we conclude that the benefit to petitioner of a contested case hearing would be limited and that the state’s interests outweigh his interest in such a hearing.” Id. at 590-91. 2012After balancing the factors that the United States Supreme Court described in Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 US 319 , 96 S Ct 893 , 47 L Ed 2d 18 (1976), we conclude that the benefit to petitioner of a contested case hearing would be limited and that the state’s interests outweigh his interest in such a hearing.” Id. at 590-91. | 3 | 2004–2012 |
Patton v. State Board of Higher Education
green
2 sentences2005Bd. Higher Ed., 293 Or 363 , 647 P2d 931 (1982) (Court of Appeals has jurisdiction of petition for review under ORS 183.482 if proceeding meets the statutory definition of a contested case whether or not petitioner actually received a contested case hearing); Berger v. SOSCF (A117291), 195 Or App 587 , 98 P3d 1127 (2004) (trial court had jurisdiction when petitioner was neither entitled to nor received a contested case hearing); see also Berger v. SOSCF (A117292), 195 Or App 732 , 98 P3d 1173 (2004) (dismissing petition for review under ORS 183.482 because petitioner was not entitled to contes 2005Bd. Higher Ed., 293 Or 363 , 647 P2d 931 (1982) (Court of Appeals has jurisdiction of petition for review under ORS 183.482 if proceeding meets the statutory definition of a contested case whether or not petitioner actually received a contested case hearing); Berger v. SOSCF (A117291), 195 Or App 587 , 98 P3d 1127 (2004) (trial court had jurisdiction when petitioner was neither entitled to nor received a contested case hearing); see also Berger v. SOSCF (A117292), 195 Or App 732 , 98 P3d 1173 (2004) (dismissing petition for review under ORS 183.482 because petitioner was not entitled to contes | 3 | 1982–2005 |
Childress v. Board of Psychology
green
2 sentences2023Prior to the hearing, the board filed an amended notice detailing the allegations against petitioner for practicing psychology and represent- ing himself to be a psychologist in the state without a license Cite as 327 Or App 48 (2023) 51 in violation of ORS 675.020(1)(a), (b). 2023Prior to the hearing, the board filed an amended notice detailing the allegations against petitioner for practicing psychology and represent- ing himself to be a psychologist in the state without a license Cite as 327 Or App 48 (2023) 51 in violation of ORS 675.020(1)(a), (b). | 2 | 2023–2023 |
Brown v. Portland School District No. 1
green
2 sentences2021Petitioners cite no regula- tion, statute, or case law in support of their argument, but contend that, “[g]iven the uniqueness of the circumstance, there is no applicable regulation, statute or case law to cite.” In response, DHS contends that substantial evidence in the record supports DHS’s determination that the notice did not waive its suspension rights, because “there was no evidence in the record suggesting that by agreeing to delay the sus- pension, the department intended to waive it.” Waiver is “ ‘the intentional relinquishment of a known right.’ ” Drews v. EBI Companies, 310 Or 134, 2021Petitioners cite no regula- tion, statute, or case law in support of their argument, but contend that, “[g]iven the uniqueness of the circumstance, there is no applicable regulation, statute or case law to cite.” In response, DHS contends that substantial evidence in the record supports DHS’s determination that the notice did not waive its suspension rights, because “there was no evidence in the record suggesting that by agreeing to delay the sus- pension, the department intended to waive it.” Waiver is “ ‘the intentional relinquishment of a known right.’ ” Drews v. EBI Companies, 310 Or 134, | 2 | 2019–2021 |
Llewellyn v. Board of Chiropractic Examiners
green
2 sentences2018Pursuant to ORS 183.650(3), an "agency conducting a contested case hearing may modify a finding of historical fact made by the administrative law judge assigned from the Office of Administrative Hearings only if the agency determines that there is clear and convincing evidence in the record that the finding was wrong." An ALJ "makes a finding of historical fact if the administrative law judge determines that an event did or did not occur in the past *376 or that a circumstance or status did or did not exist *643 either before the hearing or at the time of the hearing." Id. 1993Llewellyn v. Board of Chiropractic Examiners, supra, 119 Or App at 402 . | 2 | 1993–2018 |
Berger v. State Office for Services to Children & Families
green
2 sentences2005Bd. Higher Ed., 293 Or 363 , 647 P2d 931 (1982) (Court of Appeals has jurisdiction of petition for review under ORS 183.482 if proceeding meets the statutory definition of a contested case whether or not petitioner actually received a contested case hearing); Berger v. SOSCF (A117291), 195 Or App 587 , 98 P3d 1127 (2004) (trial court had jurisdiction when petitioner was neither entitled to nor received a contested case hearing); see also Berger v. SOSCF (A117292), 195 Or App 732 , 98 P3d 1173 (2004) (dismissing petition for review under ORS 183.482 because petitioner was not entitled to contes 2005Bd. Higher Ed., 293 Or 363 , 647 P2d 931 (1982) (Court of Appeals has jurisdiction of petition for review under ORS 183.482 if proceeding meets the statutory definition of a contested case whether or not petitioner actually received a contested case hearing); Berger v. SOSCF (A117291), 195 Or App 587 , 98 P3d 1127 (2004) (trial court had jurisdiction when petitioner was neither entitled to nor received a contested case hearing); see also Berger v. SOSCF (A117292), 195 Or App 732 , 98 P3d 1173 (2004) (dismissing petition for review under ORS 183.482 because petitioner was not entitled to contes | 2 | 2005–2012 |
Norden v. STATE, WATER RESOURCES DEPT.
green
2 sentences2012After stating the question in that case — whether the “record on judicial review in other than a contested case hearing is * * * limited to the information that the agency had before it when it issued its order” — the court noted that “[t]o answer that question, we must construe ORS 183.484.” 329 Or at 645 . 2005Second, we hold that the trial court’s failure to provide an evidentiary hearing that meets the requirements described in Norden v. Water Resources Dept., 329 Or 641 , 996 P2d 958 (2000) (Norden ID, requires us to remand this case to the trial court. | 2 | 2005–2012 |
G.A.S.P. v. Environmental Quality Commission
green
2 sentences2008Id. at 189-93 , 108 P.3d 95 . 2008Id. at 189-93 . | 2 | 2008–2008 |
Wheaton v. Kulongoski
green
2 sentences2007Said differently, nothing in ORS 14.165 permits us to substitute a circuit court proceeding— especially one resolved on summary judgment — for a contested case hearing held by the administrative agency charged with providing one.” *187 209 Or App at 370 . 2007Id. at 370-71 . | 2 | 2007–2007 |
Wyers v. Dressler
green
2 sentences1997On the other hand if, as a matter of the substantive law and regulations governing the EFSC, it has a mandatory duty to hold such a hearing, then the circuit court could order it to do so pursuant to ORS 183.490." Wyers, 42 Or.App. at 804 , 601 P.2d 1268 . 1997On the other hand if, as a matter of the substantive law and regulations governing the EFSC, it has a mandatory duty to hold such a hearing, then the circuit court could order it to do so pursuant to ORS 183.490.” Wyers, 42 Or App at 804 . | 2 | 1997–1997 |
Portland Mailing Services, Inc. v. State Accident Insurance Fund Corp.
neutral
2 sentences2025(See Def’s Resp Court Questions at 16 (although Defendant “does not have to follow the Administrative Procedures Act contested case processes,” “DOR is not explicitly exempted from either ORS 183.482 (governing appeals from contested case orders) or 183.484 (governing appeals from orders in other than a contested case”).) To the extent Defendant posits such a path, this court finds it unlikely that the Court of Appeals would have jurisdiction, based on Portland Mailing Services, Inc. v. SAIF, 84 Or App 558, 561 , 734 P2d 898 (1987). 2025(See Def’s Resp Court Questions at 16 (although Defendant “does not have to follow the Administrative Procedures Act contested case processes,” “DOR is not explicitly exempted from either ORS 183.482 (governing appeals from contested case orders) or 183.484 (governing appeals from orders in other than a contested case”).) To the extent Defendant posits such a path, this court finds it unlikely that the Court of Appeals would have jurisdiction, based on Portland Mailing Services, Inc. v. SAIF, 84 Or App 558, 561 , 734 P2d 898 (1987). | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Wright v. Pub. Emps. Ret. Bd.
green
1 sentence2023Id. at 541-42 . | 1 | 2023–2023 |
McKart v. United States
green
2 sentences2022Quality Comm., 26 Or App 717, 721-22 , 554 P2d 620 (1976) (citing McKart v. United States, 395 US 185 , 89 S Ct 1657 , 23 L Ed 2d 194 (1969)); see also Ashland Drilling, Inc. v. Jackson County, 168 Or App 624, 630 , 4 P3d 748 , rev den, 331 Or 429 (2000) (recognizing that APA exclusivity serves the same purposes as the exhaustion requirement, because “the APA establishes a comprehensive pattern for the judicial review of administrative decisions” (internal citation omitted)).1 1 We express no opinion on the propriety of the board’s apparent practice of informing license applicants that pursuin 2022Quality Comm., 26 Or App 717, 721-22 , 554 P2d 620 (1976) (citing McKart v. United States, 395 US 185 , 89 S Ct 1657 , 23 L Ed 2d 194 (1969)); see also Ashland Drilling, Inc. v. Jackson County, 168 Or App 624, 630 , 4 P3d 748 , rev den, 331 Or 429 (2000) (recognizing that APA exclusivity serves the same purposes as the exhaustion requirement, because “the APA establishes a comprehensive pattern for the judicial review of administrative decisions” (internal citation omitted)).1 1 We express no opinion on the propriety of the board’s apparent practice of informing license applicants that pursuin | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Portland Fire Fighters' Assn. v. City of Portland
green
1 sentence2022As we recited in our first opinion, although the parties pre- sented conflicting testimony in the contested case hearing as to whether they ultimately reached an agreement as a result of the meetings, “ERB found that, in the third meeting, the mayor’s liaison and Ferschweiler reached an oral agreement as to how the cuts would be implemented and that Ferschweiler agreed not to contest the changes through grievance.” Portland Fire Fighters’ Assn., 302 Or App at 398 .1 The oral agreement that ERB found the union and the city had reached provided that, in exchange for the city’s agreement to prese | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Wang v. Board of Massage Therapists
neutral
1 sentence2022Cite as 322 Or App 491 (2022) 495 Thus, we agree with the trial court that plaintiff’s remedy, if any, was through the administrative process rather than through a declaratory judgment action. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
OR-OSHA v. United Parcel Service, Inc.
green
1 sentence2021Cite as 312 Or App 424 (2021) 431 At the conclusion of the contested case hearing, the ALJ vacated the citation, based on two of UPS’s arguments. | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Drews v. EBI Companies
green
2 sentences2021Petitioners cite no regula- tion, statute, or case law in support of their argument, but contend that, “[g]iven the uniqueness of the circumstance, there is no applicable regulation, statute or case law to cite.” In response, DHS contends that substantial evidence in the record supports DHS’s determination that the notice did not waive its suspension rights, because “there was no evidence in the record suggesting that by agreeing to delay the sus- pension, the department intended to waive it.” Waiver is “ ‘the intentional relinquishment of a known right.’ ” Drews v. EBI Companies, 310 Or 134, 2021Petitioners cite no regula- tion, statute, or case law in support of their argument, but contend that, “[g]iven the uniqueness of the circumstance, there is no applicable regulation, statute or case law to cite.” In response, DHS contends that substantial evidence in the record supports DHS’s determination that the notice did not waive its suspension rights, because “there was no evidence in the record suggesting that by agreeing to delay the sus- pension, the department intended to waive it.” Waiver is “ ‘the intentional relinquishment of a known right.’ ” Drews v. EBI Companies, 310 Or 134, | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Morse v. Oregon Division of State Lands
green
2 sentences2018Petitioner moved for summary determination in its favor, contending that the wetland fill and removal permit statute, ORS 196.825, as construed by the Oregon Supreme Court *313 in Morse v. Oregon Division of State Lands , 285 Or. 197 , 590 P.2d 709 (1979), required DSL to make an affirmative finding that the project would serve a public need for DSL to be authorized to issue the permit. 2018Petitioner moved for summary determination in its favor, contending that the wetland fill and removal permit statute, ORS 196.825, as construed by the Oregon Supreme Court *313 in Morse v. Oregon Division of State Lands , 285 Or. 197 , 590 P.2d 709 (1979), required DSL to make an affirmative finding that the project would serve a public need for DSL to be authorized to issue the permit. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| Arlington Education Ass'n v. Arlington School District No. 3 neutral | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Wallace v. STATE EX REL. PERB green | 1 | 2012–2012 |
| Icenhower v. SAIF Corp. green | 1 | 2009–2009 |
| Wiggett v. Oregon State Penitentiary green | 1 | 2009–2009 |
| Kuhn v. SAIF Corp. green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Koskela v. Willamette Industries, Inc. green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| State v. Larsen green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| MAKINSON v. Lampert green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Miller v. Water Wonderland Improvement District green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Johnson v. Employment Department green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| State v. Stamper green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Delehant v. Board on Police Standards & Training green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Reguero v. Teacher Standards & Practices Commission green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| SAIF Corp. v. Dubose green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Portland General Electric Co. v. Bureau of Labor & Industries green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| 1000 Friends v. Land Conservation & Development Commission green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Cole v. Driver & Motor Vehicle Services Branch green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Gonzalez v. Schrock Cabinet Co. green | 1 | 2000–2000 |
| Graham v. CHILDREN'S SERVICES DIVISION, ETC. green | 1 | 1994–1994 |
| De St. Germain v. Employment Division neutral | 1 | 1993–1993 |
| Springfield Education Ass'n v. Springfield School District No. 19 green | 1 | 1991–1991 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.