rational relationship test in Washington

69 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1975–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (21)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Shawn P.green wash · 1993 · cited in 19 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1996–2021 2 sentences 2005State v. Shawn P, 122 Wn.2d 553, 560 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993). ¶20 Under the rational relationship test, the law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” State v. Smith, 117 Wn.2d 263, 277 , 814 P.2d 652 (1991) (quoting Phelan, 100 Wn.2d at 512 ). 2005State v. Shawn P, 122 Wn.2d 553, 560 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993). ¶20 Under the rational relationship test, the law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” State v. Smith, 117 Wn.2d 263, 277 , 814 P.2d 652 (1991) (quoting Phelan, 100 Wn.2d at 512 ).	3	19
State v. Manussiergreen wash · 1996 · cited in 6 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1997–2005 2 sentences 2005Manussier, 129 Wn.2d at 673 . 2005Manussier, 129 Wash.2d at 673 , 921 P.2d 473 .	2	6
State v. Bliliegreen wash · 1997 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1998–2007 2 sentences 2007Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 ; see also State v. Danis, 64 Wash.App. 814, 818-20 , 826 P.2d 1096 , review denied, 119 Wash.2d 1015 , 833 P.2d 1389 (1992). "[W]hen physical liberty is the sole interest involved in a statutory classification, the rational relationship test applies." Blilie, 132 Wash.2d at 493-94 , 939 P.2d 691 . 2007App. 814, 818-20 , 826 P.2d 1096 , review denied, 119 Wn.2d 1015 (1992). “[W]hen physical liberty is the sole interest involved in a statutory classification, the rational relationship test applies.” Blilie, 132 Wn.2d at 493-94 .	2	5
State v. Manussiergreen wash · 1996 · cited in 4 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1997–2005 2 sentences 2005Manussier, 129 Wash.2d at 673 , 921 P.2d 473 . 2003See also State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 673 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996), cert. denied, 520 U.S. 1201 (1997).	2	4
Wright v. Caingreen scotus · 1997 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003See also State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 673 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996), cert. denied, 520 U.S. 1201 (1997). 2003See also State v. Manussier, 129 Wash.2d 652, 673 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996), cert. denied, 520 U.S. 1201 , 117 S.Ct. 1563 , 137 L.Ed.2d 709 (1997).	2	2
In re the Detention of Turaygreen wash · 1999 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002In re Det. of Brooks, 145 Wn.2d 275, 288 , 36 P.3d 1034 (2001); see also Turay, 139 Wn.2d at 410 (courts have applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes). 2002In re Brooks, 145 Wash.2d 275, 288 , 36 P.3d 1034 (2001); see also Turay, 139 Wash.2d at 410 , 986 P.2d 790 (courts have applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes).	2	2
In Re the Personal Restraint of Kolocotronisgreen wash · 1983 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999	2	2
State v. Phelangreen wash · 1983 · cited in 6 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1991–2008 2 sentences 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, `a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld "`unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.'"' Schaaf, at 17, 743 P.2d 240 (quoting Phelan, at 512, 671 P.2d 1212 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n, 90 Wash.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978)))." State v. Heiskell, 129 Wash.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wash.2d 277, 294-95 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶ 81 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classific 2007Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 ; see also State v. Danis, 64 Wash.App. 814, 818-20 , 826 P.2d 1096 , review denied, 119 Wash.2d 1015 , 833 P.2d 1389 (1992). "[W]hen physical liberty is the sole interest involved in a statutory classification, the rational relationship test applies." Blilie, 132 Wash.2d at 493-94 , 939 P.2d 691 .	1	6
State v. Schaafgreen wash · 1987 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1992–2008 2 sentences 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, `a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld "`unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.'"' Schaaf, at 17, 743 P.2d 240 (quoting Phelan, at 512, 671 P.2d 1212 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n, 90 Wash.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978)))." State v. Heiskell, 129 Wash.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wash.2d 277, 294-95 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶ 81 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classific 2004State v. Schaaf, 109 Wn.2d 1, 21 , 743 P.2d 240 (1987). “ ‘The rational relationship test is the most relaxed and tolerant form of judicial scrutiny under the equal protection clause.	1	5
State v. Bliliegreen wash · 1997 · cited in 4 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1998–2007 2 sentences 2007Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 ; see also State v. Danis, 64 Wash.App. 814, 818-20 , 826 P.2d 1096 , review denied, 119 Wash.2d 1015 , 833 P.2d 1389 (1992). "[W]hen physical liberty is the sole interest involved in a statutory classification, the rational relationship test applies." Blilie, 132 Wash.2d at 493-94 , 939 P.2d 691 . 2007State v. Blilie, 132 Wn.2d 484, 493 , 939 P.2d 691 (1997).	1	4
Allison v. Pattersongreen wash · 1978 · cited in 3 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1983–1999 2 sentences 1999The rational basis test was the correct standard to apply in Young, as it is here, because “[c]ourts have uniformly applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes.” In re Detention of Patterson, 90 Wn.2d 144, 149-50 , 579 P.2d 1335 (1978), overruled on other grounds by Dunner v. McLaughlin, 100 Wn.2d 832 , 676 P.2d 444 (1984); see also In re Personal Restraint of Kolocotronis, 99 Wn.2d 147, 155 , 660 P.2d 731 (1983); In re Personal Restraint of Harris, 94 Wn.2d 430, 436 , 617 P.2d 739 (1980). 1999The rational basis test was the correct standard to apply in Young, as it is here, because “[c]ourts have uniformly applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes.” In re Detention of Patterson, 90 Wn.2d 144, 149-50 , 579 P.2d 1335 (1978), overruled on other grounds by Dunner v. McLaughlin, 100 Wn.2d 832 , 676 P.2d 444 (1984); see also In re Personal Restraint of Kolocotronis, 99 Wn.2d 147, 155 , 660 P.2d 731 (1983); In re Personal Restraint of Harris, 94 Wn.2d 430, 436 , 617 P.2d 739 (1980).	1	3
State v. Danisgreen washctapp · 1992 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007 2 sentences 2007Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 ; see also State v. Danis, 64 Wash.App. 814, 818-20 , 826 P.2d 1096 , review denied, 119 Wash.2d 1015 , 833 P.2d 1389 (1992). "[W]hen physical liberty is the sole interest involved in a statutory classification, the rational relationship test applies." Blilie, 132 Wash.2d at 493-94 , 939 P.2d 691 . 2007App. 814, 818-20 , 826 P.2d 1096 , review denied, 119 Wn.2d 1015 (1992). “[W]hen physical liberty is the sole interest involved in a statutory classification, the rational relationship test applies.” Blilie, 132 Wn.2d at 493-94 .	1	2
People v. Lindnergreen ill · 1989 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 2 sentences 2006Applying the rational relationship test the court concluded that the means chosen by the Illinois legislaturelicense suspensionwas not a reasonable method to accomplish the goal of the licensing statutethe safe and legal operation and ownership of motor vehicles: Under the rational-basis test, a "`legislative enactment must bear a reasonable relationship to the public interest intended to be protected, and the means adopted must be a reasonable method of accomplishing the desired objective.'" Id. (quoting People v. Wick, 107 Ill.2d 62, 65-66 , 89 Ill.Dec. 833 , 481 N.E.2d 676 (1985) (intern 2006Applying the rational relationship test, the court concluded that the means chosen by the Illinois legislature — license suspension — was not a reasonable method to accomplish the goal of the licensing statute — the safe and legal operation and ownership of motor vehicles: Under the rational-basis test, a “legislative enactment must bear a reasonable relationship to the public interest intended to be protected, and the means adopted must be a reasonable method of accomplishing the desired objective.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting People v. Wick, 107 Ill. 2d 62, 65-66 , 481 N.	1	2
Amalgamated Transit Union Local 587 v. Stategreen wash · 2000 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019	1	1
State v. Johnsongreen washctapp · 1981 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003	1	1
Franklin v. Nevadagreen scotus · 1997 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003	1	1
Melius v. Woodgreen scotus · 1997 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003	1	1
In Re Detention of Turaygreen wash · 1999 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. Rodriguezgreen njsuperctappdiv · 1988 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991	1	1
Plyler v. Doegreen scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984	1	1
Dorsey v. Solomongreen mdd · 1977 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (46)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Cornejo green wash · 1996 2 sentences 2021Under this test, the legislative classification will be upheld unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to achievement of legitimate state objectives.’” In re Boot, 130 Wn.2d 553, 573 , 925 P.2d 964 (1996) (quoting State v. Shawn P., 122 Wn.2d 553, 561 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993)). “‘The purposes underlying the juvenile system and the procedures designed to effect those purposes are significantly different from the purposes and procedures of the adult system.’” State v. TC., 99 Wn. 1999State v. Shawn P., 122 Wash.2d 553 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993); In re Boot, 130 Wash.2d 553 , 925 P.2d 964 (1996). *561 "The rational relationship test is the most relaxed and tolerant form of judicial scrutiny under the equal protection clause.	9	1997–2021
In Re Boot green wash · 1996 2 sentences 2021Under this test, the legislative classification will be upheld unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to achievement of legitimate state objectives.’” In re Boot, 130 Wn.2d 553, 573 , 925 P.2d 964 (1996) (quoting State v. Shawn P., 122 Wn.2d 553, 561 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993)). “‘The purposes underlying the juvenile system and the procedures designed to effect those purposes are significantly different from the purposes and procedures of the adult system.’” State v. TC., 99 Wn. 1999State v. Shawn P., 122 Wash.2d 553 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993); In re Boot, 130 Wash.2d 553 , 925 P.2d 964 (1996). *561 "The rational relationship test is the most relaxed and tolerant form of judicial scrutiny under the equal protection clause.	7	1997–2021
Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n green wash · 1978 2 sentences 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra	6	1985–2008
State v. Heiskell green wash · 1996 2 sentences 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, `a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld "`unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.'"' Schaaf, at 17, 743 P.2d 240 (quoting Phelan, at 512, 671 P.2d 1212 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n, 90 Wash.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978)))." State v. Heiskell, 129 Wash.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wash.2d 277, 294-95 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶ 81 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classific	4	1998–2008
State v. Heiskell green wash · 1996 2 sentences 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, `a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld "`unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.'"' Schaaf, at 17, 743 P.2d 240 (quoting Phelan, at 512, 671 P.2d 1212 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n, 90 Wash.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978)))." State v. Heiskell, 129 Wash.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wash.2d 277, 294-95 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶ 81 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classific	4	1998–2008
State v. Smith green wash · 1991 2 sentences 2005State v. Shawn P, 122 Wn.2d 553, 560 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993). ¶20 Under the rational relationship test, the law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” State v. Smith, 117 Wn.2d 263, 277 , 814 P.2d 652 (1991) (quoting Phelan, 100 Wn.2d at 512 ). 2005State v. Shawn P, 122 Wn.2d 553, 560 , 859 P.2d 1220 (1993). ¶20 Under the rational relationship test, the law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” State v. Smith, 117 Wn.2d 263, 277 , 814 P.2d 652 (1991) (quoting Phelan, 100 Wn.2d at 512 ).	4	2002–2005
State v. Coria green wash · 1992 2 sentences 1998Ward, 123 Wn.2d at 516 ; Coria, 120 Wn.2d at 169 . 1994State v. Coria, 120 Wn.2d 156, 169 , 839 P.2d 890 (1992).	3	1994–1998
Westerman v. Cary green wash · 1995 2 sentences 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra	2	2008–2008
Forbes v. City of Seattle green wash · 1990 2 sentences 2007Forbes v. City of Seattle, 113 Wn.2d 929 , 941 n.12, 785 P.2d 431 (1990). ¶12 It is important to note that the rational relationship test does not allow us to question other ways in which the legislature could have drafted RCW 9A.44.073. 2007Forbes v. City of Seattle, 113 Wn.2d 929 , 941 n.12, 785 P.2d 431 (1990). ¶12 It is important to note that the rational relationship test does not allow us to question other ways in which the legislature could have drafted RCW 9A.44.073.	2	1992–2007
People v. Wick green ill · 1985 2 sentences 2006Applying the rational relationship test, the court concluded that the means chosen by the Illinois legislature — license suspension — was not a reasonable method to accomplish the goal of the licensing statute — the safe and legal operation and ownership of motor vehicles: Under the rational-basis test, a “legislative enactment must bear a reasonable relationship to the public interest intended to be protected, and the means adopted must be a reasonable method of accomplishing the desired objective.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting People v. Wick, 107 Ill. 2d 62, 65-66 , 481 N. 2006Applying the rational relationship test, the court concluded that the means chosen by the Illinois legislature — license suspension — was not a reasonable method to accomplish the goal of the licensing statute — the safe and legal operation and ownership of motor vehicles: Under the rational-basis test, a “legislative enactment must bear a reasonable relationship to the public interest intended to be protected, and the means adopted must be a reasonable method of accomplishing the desired objective.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting People v. Wick, 107 Ill. 2d 62, 65-66 , 481 N.	2	2006–2006
Goodridge v. Department of Public Health green mass · 2003 2 sentences 2006Goodridge, 440 Mass. at 334 , 798 N.E.2d 941 . ś 73 But given the rational relationship standard and that the legislature was provided with testimony that children thrive in opposite-sex marriage environments, the legislature acted within its power to limit the status of marriage. 2006Goodridge, 440 Mass. at 334 . ¶73 But given the rational relationship standard and that the legislature was provided with testimony that children thrive in opposite-sex marriage environments, the legislature acted within its power to limit the status of marriage.	2	2006–2006
In re the Detention of Thorell green wash · 2003 2 sentences 2003Review under the rational basis test is “highly deferential to the legislature.” In re Det. of Thorell, 149 Wn.2d 724, 749 , 72 P.3d 708 (2003). 2003Review under the rational basis test is "highly deferential to the legislature." In re Det. of Thorell, 149 Wash.2d 724, 749 , 72 P.3d 708 (2003).	2	2003–2003
In Re Detention of Thorell green wash · 2003 2 sentences 2003Review under the rational basis test is “highly deferential to the legislature.” In re Det. of Thorell, 149 Wn.2d 724, 749 , 72 P.3d 708 (2003). 2003Review under the rational basis test is "highly deferential to the legislature." In re Det. of Thorell, 149 Wash.2d 724, 749 , 72 P.3d 708 (2003).	2	2003–2003
State v. Barnett neutral washctapp · 1977 2 sentences 2003App. 53, 55 , 561 P.2d 234 (1977). 3 Thus, equal protection analysis is more appropriate under the rational relationship standard. 2003See State v. Johnson, 29 Wash.App. 638, 641 , 630 P.2d 448 (1981) (rehabilitation is a goal but not a fundamental right); State v. Barnett, 17 Wash.App. 53, 55 , 561 P.2d 234 (1977). [3] Thus, equal protection analysis is more appropriate under the rational relationship standard.	2	2003–2003
Gossett v. Farmers Ins. Co. of Washington green wash · 1997 2 sentences 2002Co., 133 Wash.2d 954, 979 , 948 P.2d 1264 (1997). 2002Co., 133 Wn.2d 954, 979 , 948 P.2d 1264 (1997).	2	2002–2002
Gossett v. Farmers Insurance green wash · 1997 2 sentences 2002Co., 133 Wash.2d 954, 979 , 948 P.2d 1264 (1997). 2002Co., 133 Wn.2d 954, 979 , 948 P.2d 1264 (1997).	2	2002–2002
In re the Detention of Brooks green wash · 2001 2 sentences 2002In re Det. of Brooks, 145 Wn.2d 275, 288 , 36 P.3d 1034 (2001); see also Turay, 139 Wn.2d at 410 (courts have applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes). 2002In re Brooks, 145 Wash.2d 275, 288 , 36 P.3d 1034 (2001); see also Turay, 139 Wash.2d at 410 , 986 P.2d 790 (courts have applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes).	2	2002–2002
In Re Detention of Brooks green wash · 2001 2 sentences 2002In re Det. of Brooks, 145 Wn.2d 275, 288 , 36 P.3d 1034 (2001); see also Turay, 139 Wn.2d at 410 (courts have applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes). 2002In re Brooks, 145 Wash.2d 275, 288 , 36 P.3d 1034 (2001); see also Turay, 139 Wash.2d at 410 , 986 P.2d 790 (courts have applied the rational relationship test to the statutes creating differing classes of persons for purposes of involuntary commitment statutes).	2	2002–2002
Matter of Personal Restraint of Runyan green wash · 2000	2	2001–2001
In re the Personal Restraint of Stanphill green wash · 1998	2	2001–2001
Matter of Stanphill green wash · 1998	2	2001–2001
In Re the Personal Restraint of Harris green wash · 1980	2	1999–1999
Matter of Detention of Dydasco green wash · 1998	2	1999–1999
State v. Dydasco green wash · 1998	2	1999–1999
Dunner v. McLaughlin green wash · 1984	2	1999–1999
Seeley v. State green wash · 1997	2	1998–1998
Omega National Insurance v. Marquardt green wash · 1990	2	1998–1998
State v. Thorne green wash · 1996	2	1997–1997
State v. Osman green wash · 2006	1	2021–2021
State v. T.C. green washctapp · 2000	1	2021–2021
Washington Toll Bridge Authority v. State green wash · 1956	1	2019–2019
In Re the Personal Restraint of Whitesel green wash · 1988	1	2003–2003
Riggins v. Rhay neutral wash · 1969	1	2000–2000
State v. Ward green wash · 1994	1	1998–1998
Seeley v. State green wash · 1997	1	1998–1998
Concrete Pipe & Products of Cal., Inc. v. Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern Cal. green scotus · 1993	1	1995–1995
Sanchez v. Department of Labor & Industries neutral washctapp · 1984	1	1986–1986
Dandridge v. Williams green scotus · 1970	1	1984–1984
Romero v. Hodgson green cand · 1970	1	1983–1983
McGinnis v. Royster green scotus · 1973	1	1983–1983

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.94A.030 (11) USC § 42u.s.c.1983 (8) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 13.40.020 (8) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 13.40.110 (8) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.94A.010 (7) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 66.44.365 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 71.09.020 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 71.09.030 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 71.09.040 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 71.09.060 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 13.04.030 (5) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.95.100 (5)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 111 (1973–2023) WA 69 (1975–2021) PA 37 (1974–2019) TX 20 (1982–2025) FL 16 (1980–2023) CO 16 (1980–1999) GA 12 (1981–2014) NY 11 (1979–2006) IL 11 (1977–2015) WY 9 (1989–2026) LA 8 (1992–2009) NJ 8 (1974–2008) AL 7 (1984–2002) NE 7 (1996–2006) IA 7 (1980–2022) CT 6 (1975–2001) OK 6 (1982–2009) NC 5 (1985–2015) KS 5 (1982–2020) SC 5 (1978–2017) WV 5 (1980–2025) MA 5 (1993–2001) MT 5 (1989–2009) NM 5 (1994–2012) WI 4 (1979–2005) HI 4 (1993–2015) MI 4 (1983–1994) ND 3 (1986–1999) OH 3 (1994–2000) AK 3 (1985–1995) OR 3 (2006–2019) MO 3 (1978–1983) DE 2 (1977–1990) NH 2 (1987–1994) AZ 2 (1998–2002) ME 2 (1992–1997) RI 2 (1990–1993)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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