rational relationship test in Connecticut

6 Connecticut opinions name it 2 courts 1975–2001 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (4)

Case	Followed	Cited
Eugene W. Tyler v. Trammell E. Vickery, Ralph Banks, Jr. v. Trammell E. Vickery, James E. C. Perry v. Edward S. Sell, Jr.green ca5 · 1975 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 2 sentences 1992Campbell v. Board of Education, supra, 105 . "[T]he focus of the rational relationship test is not whether the state has superior means available to accomplish its objectives but whether the means it has chosen is a reasonable one." Tyler v. Vickery, 517 F.2d 1089 , 1102 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied 42 U.S. 940 (1976). 1992Courts generally employ a rational basis test to determine whether a grading procedure is constitutional. “[T]he focus of the rational relationship test is not whether the state has superior means available to accomplish its objectives, but whether the means it has chosen is a reasonable one.” Tyler v. Vickery, 517 F.2d 1089, 1102 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 940 , 96 S. Ct. 2660 , 49 L.	1	2
Littlefield v. Forney Independent School Districtgreen ca5 · 2001 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001Ed. 2d 993 (1988).” Swanson v. Guthrie Independent School District No. 1-L, supra, 135 F.3d 699 . *371 Recently, in Littlefield v. Forney Independent School District, 268 F.3d 275, 289 (5th Cir. 2001), the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled that the rational relationship test applies to a claim of violation of parental authority occasioned by a public school dress code.	1	1
Herndon v. Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Board Of Educationgreen ca4 · 1996 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See also Herndon v. Board of Education, 89 F.3d 174 , 177-79 (4th Cir. 1996), cert. denied sub nom.	1	1
City of New Orleans v. Dukesgreen scotus · 1976 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 2 sentences 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Connecticut. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (12)

Case	Cited	Years
McGowan v. Maryland green scotus · 1961 2 sentences 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343 1975The statute in question as it applies to marihuana cannot withstand the constitutional challenge whether the rational relationship test to be applied is that the classification must “rest upon some ground of difference having a fair and substantial relation to the object of the legislation”; Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U.S. 412, 415 ; or upon the standard that a "statutory discrimination will not be set aside if any state of facts reasonably may be conceived to justify it.” McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 420, 426 ; see Soler, supra, note 11, p. 607; note, “Boraas v. Village of Belle Terr	2	1975–1992
Krasnov v. United States green scotus · 1957 1 sentence 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343	1	1992–1992
Albanese v. Pierce green scotus · 1957 1 sentence 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343	1	1992–1992
Caldor's, Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. green conn · 1979 2 sentences 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343	1	1992–1992
Pierce v. Albanese green conn · 1957 1 sentence 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343	1	1992–1992
Treftz v. Pennsylvania green scotus · 1976 1 sentence 1992Courts generally employ a rational basis test to determine whether a grading procedure is constitutional. “[T]he focus of the rational relationship test is not whether the state has superior means available to accomplish its objectives, but whether the means it has chosen is a reasonable one.” Tyler v. Vickery, 517 F.2d 1089, 1102 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 940 , 96 S. Ct. 2660 , 49 L.	1	1992–1992
Tyler v. Vickery green scotus · 1976 1 sentence 1992Courts generally employ a rational basis test to determine whether a grading procedure is constitutional. “[T]he focus of the rational relationship test is not whether the state has superior means available to accomplish its objectives, but whether the means it has chosen is a reasonable one.” Tyler v. Vickery, 517 F.2d 1089, 1102 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 940 , 96 S. Ct. 2660 , 49 L.	1	1992–1992
Charles v. Atlantic Coast Line R. R. green sc · 1907 1 sentence 1992"Under the rational basis test, `[t]he court's function . . . is to decide whether the purpose of the legislation is a legitimate one, and whether the particular enactment is designed to accomplish that purpose in a fair and reasonable way.' Pierce v. Albanese, 144, Conn. 241, 249, 129 A.2d 606 , appeal dismissed, 355 U.S. 15 , 78 S.Ct. 36 , 2 L.Ed.2d 21 (1957); see New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297 , 303 , 96 S.Ct. 2513 , 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 520 , 425, 81 S.Ct. 1101 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 (1961); Caldor's Inc. v. Bedding Barn, Inc. 177 Conn. 304 , 315 , 417 A.2d 343	1	1992–1992
Lovett v. Atlas Truck Leasing green conn · 1976 2 sentences 1989Eielson v. Parker, supra, 563 ; Lovett v. Atlas Track Leasing, 171 Conn. 577, 585 , 370 A.2d 1061 (1976). “[W]hen measured by the rational relationship test, the equal protection guaranty does not take from state legislatures ‘all power of clas sification. . . . 1989Eielson v. Parker, supra, 563 ; Lovett v. Atlas Track Leasing, 171 Conn. 577, 585 , 370 A.2d 1061 (1976). “[W]hen measured by the rational relationship test, the equal protection guaranty does not take from state legislatures ‘all power of clas sification. . . .	1	1989–1989
Keogh v. City of Bridgeport green conn · 1982 2 sentences 1986Although the Supreme Court of Connecticut has often stated that the equal protection provisions of the Connecticut and United States constitutions “have the same meaning and limitations”; Keogh v. Bridgeport, 187 Conn. 53, 66 , 444 A.2d 225 (1982); those pronouncements were made 447 without reference to the ERA. 1986Although the Supreme Court of Connecticut has often stated that the equal protection provisions of the Connecticut and United States constitutions “have the same meaning and limitations”; Keogh v. Bridgeport, 187 Conn. 53, 66 , 444 A.2d 225 (1982); those pronouncements were made 447 without reference to the ERA.	1	1986–1986
F. S. Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia green scotus · 1920 1 sentence 1975The statute in question as it applies to marihuana cannot withstand the constitutional challenge whether the rational relationship test to be applied is that the classification must “rest upon some ground of difference having a fair and substantial relation to the object of the legislation”; Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U.S. 412, 415 ; or upon the standard that a "statutory discrimination will not be set aside if any state of facts reasonably may be conceived to justify it.” McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 420, 426 ; see Soler, supra, note 11, p. 607; note, “Boraas v. Village of Belle Terr	1	1975–1975
Kellems v. Brown green conn · 1972 1 sentence 1975It must be borne in mind that when challenging the constitutionality of a statute the defendant has a heavy burden of proof. 12 Kellems v. Brown, 163 Conn. 478, 486 .	1	1975–1975

Where else courts name it

CA 111 (1973–2023) WA 69 (1975–2021) PA 37 (1974–2019) TX 20 (1982–2025) FL 16 (1980–2023) CO 16 (1980–1999) GA 12 (1981–2014) NY 11 (1979–2006) IL 11 (1977–2015) WY 9 (1989–2026) LA 8 (1992–2009) NJ 8 (1974–2008) AL 7 (1984–2002) NE 7 (1996–2006) IA 7 (1980–2022) CT 6 (1975–2001) OK 6 (1982–2009) NC 5 (1985–2015) KS 5 (1982–2020) SC 5 (1978–2017) WV 5 (1980–2025) MA 5 (1993–2001) MT 5 (1989–2009) NM 5 (1994–2012) WI 4 (1979–2005) HI 4 (1993–2015) MI 4 (1983–1994) ND 3 (1986–1999) OH 3 (1994–2000) AK 3 (1985–1995) OR 3 (2006–2019) MO 3 (1978–1983) DE 2 (1977–1990) NH 2 (1987–1994) AZ 2 (1998–2002) ME 2 (1992–1997) RI 2 (1990–1993)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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