lodestar principle (Michigan) · Go Syfert
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lodestar principle in Michigan

9 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1998–2022 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (2)

CaseFollowedCited
Lytle v. Maladygreen
mich · 1997 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022See Lytle v Malady, 456 Mich 1, 33 ; 566 NW2d 582 (1997) (“The bottom line is that there must always be evidence upon which reasonable minds could conclude that discrimination was the true motive for the decision.”), vacated in part on other grounds 458 Mich 153 (1998); Town v Mich Bell Tel Co, 455 Mich 688, 704 ; 568 NW2d 64 (1997) (“ ‘[T]he factual dispute at issue [in a sex-discrimination action] is whether discriminatory animus motivated the employer . . . .’ ”) (citation omitted).

2022See Lytle v Malady, 456 Mich 1, 33 ; 566 NW2d 582 (1997) (“The bottom line is that there must always be evidence upon which reasonable minds could conclude that discrimination was the true motive for the decision.”), vacated in part on other grounds 458 Mich 153 (1998); Town v Mich Bell Tel Co, 455 Mich 688, 704 ; 568 NW2d 64 (1997) (“ ‘[T]he factual dispute at issue [in a sex-discrimination action] is whether discriminatory animus motivated the employer . . . .’ ”) (citation omitted).

33
Town v. Michigan Bell Telephone Co.green
mich · 1997 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022See Lytle v Malady, 456 Mich 1, 33 ; 566 NW2d 582 (1997) (“The bottom line is that there must always be evidence upon which reasonable minds could conclude that discrimination was the true motive for the decision.”), vacated in part on other grounds 458 Mich 153 (1998); Town v Mich Bell Tel Co, 455 Mich 688, 704 ; 568 NW2d 64 (1997) (“ ‘[T]he factual dispute at issue [in a sex-discrimination action] is whether discriminatory animus motivated the employer . . . .’ ”) (citation omitted).

2022See Lytle v Malady, 456 Mich 1, 33 ; 566 NW2d 582 (1997) (“The bottom line is that there must always be evidence upon which reasonable minds could conclude that discrimination was the true motive for the decision.”), vacated in part on other grounds 458 Mich 153 (1998); Town v Mich Bell Tel Co, 455 Mich 688, 704 ; 568 NW2d 64 (1997) (“ ‘[T]he factual dispute at issue [in a sex-discrimination action] is whether discriminatory animus motivated the employer . . . .’ ”) (citation omitted).

33

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

CaseCitedYears
Straus v. Governor green
mich · 1999
2 sentences

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O'Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “ ‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’ ” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “ ‘The

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O'Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “ ‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’ ” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “ ‘The

32011–2022
Lytle v. Malady green
mich · 1998
2 sentences

2022See Lytle v Malady, 456 Mich 1, 33 ; 566 NW2d 582 (1997) (“The bottom line is that there must always be evidence upon which reasonable minds could conclude that discrimination was the true motive for the decision.”), vacated in part on other grounds 458 Mich 153 (1998); Town v Mich Bell Tel Co, 455 Mich 688, 704 ; 568 NW2d 64 (1997) (“ ‘[T]he factual dispute at issue [in a sex-discrimination action] is whether discriminatory animus motivated the employer . . . .’ ”) (citation omitted).

2022See Lytle v Malady, 456 Mich 1, 33 ; 566 NW2d 582 (1997) (“The bottom line is that there must always be evidence upon which reasonable minds could conclude that discrimination was the true motive for the decision.”), vacated in part on other grounds 458 Mich 153 (1998); Town v Mich Bell Tel Co, 455 Mich 688, 704 ; 568 NW2d 64 (1997) (“ ‘[T]he factual dispute at issue [in a sex-discrimination action] is whether discriminatory animus motivated the employer . . . .’ ”) (citation omitted).

32022–2022
Wayne County v. Hathcock green
mich · 2004
2 sentences

2022Article 2, § 9 states that the Legislature shall “implement” its provisions, while Article 12, § 2 permits the Legislature to “prescribe[] by law” the form of petitions seeking to amend our Constitution, as well as the “manner” by which those petitions are “signed and circulated.” 22 Wayne Co v Hathcock, 471 Mich 445, 468 ; 684 NW2d 765 (2004). 23 Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999). 11 At the time the 1963 Michigan Constitution was ratified and in the years that followed, “implement” meant “to carry out” or “to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by

2022Article 2, § 9 states that the Legislature shall “implement” its provisions, while Article 12, § 2 permits the Legislature to “prescribe[] by law” the form of petitions seeking to amend our Constitution, as well as the “manner” by which those petitions are “signed and circulated.” 22 Wayne Co v Hathcock, 471 Mich 445, 468 ; 684 NW2d 765 (2004). 23 Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999). 11 At the time the 1963 Michigan Constitution was ratified and in the years that followed, “implement” meant “to carry out” or “to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by

22022–2022
House Speaker v. Governor green
mich · 1993
2 sentences

1999The lodestar principle is that of “common understanding,” the sense of the words used that would have been most obvious to those who voted to adopt the constitution. 2 House Speaker v Governor, 443 Mich 560, 577 ; 506 NW2d 190 (1993).

1999The lodestar principle is that of “common understanding,” the sense of the words used that would have been most obvious to those who voted to adopt the constitution. 2 House Speaker v Governor, 443 Mich 560, 577 ; 506 NW2d 190 (1993).

21998–1999
In Re Request for Advisory Opinion Regarding Constitutionality of 2011 PA 38 green
mich · 2011
2 sentences

2018“The lodestar principle is that of ‘common understanding,’ the sense of the words used that would have been most obvious to those who voted to adopt the constitution.” Id. (quotation marks omitted).

2018"The lodestar principle is that of 'common understanding,' the sense of the words used that would have been most obvious to those who voted to adopt the constitution." Id. (some quotation marks and citations omitted).

12018–2018
O'REILLY v. Wayne County green
michctapp · 1982
2 sentences

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O'Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “ ‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’ ” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “ ‘The

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O'Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “ ‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’ ” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “ ‘The

12011–2011
Straus v. Governor green
michctapp · 1998
2 sentences

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O'Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “ ‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’ ” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “ ‘The

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O'Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “ ‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’ ” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “ ‘The

12011–2011
Caterpillar, Inc v. Department of Treasury green
mich · 1992
2 sentences

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O’Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “‘The lo

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O'Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “ ‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’ ” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “ ‘The

12011–2011
In Re Certified Question From US Ct. of App. green
mich · 2003
1 sentence

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O’Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “‘The lo

12011–2011
Studier v. Michigan Public School Employees' Retirement Board green
mich · 2005
2 sentences

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O’Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “‘The lo

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O’Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “‘The lo

12011–2011
Kenneth Henes Special Projects Procurement, Marketing & Consulting Corp. v. Continental Biomass Industries, Inc. green
mich · 2003
1 sentence

2011Therefore, “[a] taxing statute must be shown to clearly and palpably violate[] the fundamental law before it will be declared unconstitutional.” Caterpillar, 440 Mich at 415 , quoting O’Reilly v Wayne Co, 116 Mich App 582, 592 ; 323 NW2d 493 (1982) (citations and quotation marks omitted; alteration in O’Reilly). “‘When reviewing constitutional provisions, the objective of such review is to effectuate the intent of the people who adopted the constitution.’” Straus v Governor, 459 Mich 526, 533 ; 592 NW2d 53 (1999), quoting Straus v Governor, 230 Mich App 222, 228 ; 583 NW2d 520 (1998). “‘The lo

12011–2011

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 141.1361 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 15.243 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 16.575 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 16.577 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 24.207 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 28.251 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 28.257a (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 37.2102 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 37.2103 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 37.2201 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 37.2202 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.335a (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 43 (2011–2026) CA 37 (1989–2026) WY 23 (1989–2024) WA 17 (1998–2026) MD 15 (2003–2025) MI 9 (1998–2022) MN 9 (2009–2025) FL 7 (1990–2026) NJ 6 (1988–2025) SC 6 (2008–2022) NM 5 (2013–2024) CT 5 (2009–2018) OH 5 (2018–2024) KS 4 (2011–2024) CO 4 (2024–2026) MA 4 (2009–2024) IL 4 (1995–2017) VT 3 (2010–2014) WI 3 (2019–2021) IN 3 (1996–1998) MS 3 (1990–2002) RI 2 (2000–2005) VA 2 (1999–2011) TN 2 (2004–2004) NV 2 (2007–2016)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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