burden of proof standard in New Jersey

9 New Jersey opinions name it 2 courts 1978–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (4)

Case	Followed	Cited
Christina Silviera-Francisco v. Board of Education of Elizabeth(074974)green nj · 2016 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 1 sentence 2021We review the Commission's final decision on appeal, see Silviera- Francisco v. Bd. of Educ. of Elizabeth, 224 N.J. 126, 136-37 (2016); R. 2:2- 3(a)(2) (providing, in pertinent part, "appeals may be taken to the Appellate Division as of right . . . to review final decisions or actions of any state administrative agency" (emphasis added)), and the record establishes the Commission applied the correct burden of proof standard in making its final determination, and properly placed the burden on respondent, see N.J.S.A. 11A:2-21.	1	1
State v. Mooregreen nj · 1991 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004 2 sentences 2004See, e.g., State v. Biegenwald, 126 N.J. 1, 33 , 594 A. 2d 172, 188 (1991) ( Biegenwald IV ) ("Regrettably, we perceive from the records in many of the cases coming before us that trial courts have read Manley ... to limit voir dire to the bare minimum necessary to qualify a juror."); State v. Moore, 122 N.J. 420, 455 , 585 A. 2d 864, 882 (1991) ("Although Manley may be read as discouraging [the questioning of prospective jurors concerning their understanding of the burden of proof and presumption of innocence] ... capital cases require a thorough and searching inquiry in regard to voir dire." 2004See, e.g., State v. Biegenwald, 126 N.J. 1, 33 , 594 A. 2d 172, 188 (1991) ( Biegenwald IV ) ("Regrettably, we perceive from the records in many of the cases coming before us that trial courts have read Manley ... to limit voir dire to the bare minimum necessary to qualify a juror."); State v. Moore, 122 N.J. 420, 455 , 585 A. 2d 864, 882 (1991) ("Although Manley may be read as discouraging [the questioning of prospective jurors concerning their understanding of the burden of proof and presumption of innocence] ... capital cases require a thorough and searching inquiry in regard to voir dire."	1	1
State v. Biegenwaldgreen nj · 1991 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004 2 sentences 2004See, e.g., State v. Biegenwald, 126 N.J. 1, 33 , 594 A. 2d 172, 188 (1991) ( Biegenwald IV ) ("Regrettably, we perceive from the records in many of the cases coming before us that trial courts have read Manley ... to limit voir dire to the bare minimum necessary to qualify a juror."); State v. Moore, 122 N.J. 420, 455 , 585 A. 2d 864, 882 (1991) ("Although Manley may be read as discouraging [the questioning of prospective jurors concerning their understanding of the burden of proof and presumption of innocence] ... capital cases require a thorough and searching inquiry in regard to voir dire." 2004See, e.g., State v. Biegenwald, 126 N.J. 1, 33 , 594 A. 2d 172, 188 (1991) ( Biegenwald IV ) ("Regrettably, we perceive from the records in many of the cases coming before us that trial courts have read Manley ... to limit voir dire to the bare minimum necessary to qualify a juror."); State v. Moore, 122 N.J. 420, 455 , 585 A. 2d 864, 882 (1991) ("Although Manley may be read as discouraging [the questioning of prospective jurors concerning their understanding of the burden of proof and presumption of innocence] ... capital cases require a thorough and searching inquiry in regard to voir dire."	1	1
State v. Morettigreen njsuperctappdiv · 1958 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986 1 sentence 1986The standard first appeared in State v. Moretti, 50 N.J.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (10)

Case	Cited	Years
United States v. Washington green paed · 1985 1 sentence 2017Based on the testimonial evidence presented at this N.J.R.E. 104 hearing and the contents of the letter itself, the judge applied the two-tier approach in Robertson and found defendant had not met his burden of demonstrating "that this statement was made in the course of plea negotiation." However, in an implicit request for guidance from this court, the trial judge alternatively found "that the State had met its burden of proving that . . . [defense counsel's] letter was not sent out in the course of plea negotiation." Thus, by providing an alternative burden-of-proof analysis, the judge wise	1	2017–2017
State v. Cummings green nj · 2005 2 sentences 2007Relying on the decision in State v. Cummings, 184 N.J. 84 , 875 A. 2d 906 (2005), which raised the burden of proof for violation of the refusal statute to beyond a reasonable doubt, defendant argued in the Law Division that because his 1999 conviction was based upon the preponderance of the evidence standard, he should not be sentenced as a second offender to a two-year driving suspension. 2007Relying on the decision in State v. Cummings, 184 N.J. 84 , 875 A. 2d 906 (2005), which raised the burden of proof for violation of the refusal statute to beyond a reasonable doubt, defendant argued in the Law Division that because his 1999 conviction was based upon the preponderance of the evidence standard, he should not be sentenced as a second offender to a two-year driving suspension.	1	2007–2007
State v. Reyes green nj · 1995 2 sentences 2002If the judge on the remand is not convinced of this assertion but believes that the evidence was not pursued or presented on the defendant’s diminished capacity because either unavailable or implausible, that would be the end of the matter; in such a context, any harm generated by the statutory text, even though of a constitutional dimension, would be truly as “harmless” as the jury instruction error claimed in State v. Reyes, 140 N.J. at 365 , 658 A.2d 1218 . 2. 2002If the judge on the remand is not convinced of this assertion but believes that the evidence was not pursued or presented on the defendant’s diminished capacity because either unavailable or implausible, that would be the end of the matter; in such a context, any harm generated by the statutory text, even though of a constitutional dimension, would be truly as “harmless” as the jury instruction error claimed in State v. Reyes, 140 N.J. at 365 , 658 A.2d 1218 . 2.	1	2002–2002
Gardner v. Pawliw green nj · 1997 2 sentences 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding). 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding).	1	2000–2000
Scafidi v. Seiler green nj · 1990 2 sentences 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding). 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding).	1	2000–2000
Fischer v. Canario green nj · 1996 2 sentences 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding). 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding).	1	2000–2000
Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial green njsuperctappdiv · 1989 2 sentences 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding). 2000Gardner v. Pawliw, 150 N.J. 359, 377 , 696 A.2d 599 (1997) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Fischer v. Canario, 143 N.J. 235, 241 , 670 A.2d 516 (1996) (concerning tumor misdiagnosis); Scafidi v. Seiler, 119 N.J. 93, 108-09 , 574 A.2d 398 (1990) (involving prenatal medical malpractice); Dubak v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hosp., 233 N.J.Super. 441, 449 , 559 A.2d 424 (App.Div.1989) (concerning fatal internal bleeding).	1	2000–2000
Teague v. Lane green scotus · 1989 2 sentences 1999Based on the facts of the case, we conclude that the procedure employed in defendant’s trial for perjury is a “far cry [different] from the kind of absolute prerequisite to the fundamental fairness that is ‘implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.’ ” Teague, supra, 489 U.S. at 314 , 109 S.Ct. at 1077 , 103 L.Ed.2d at 358 . 1999Based on the facts of the case, we conclude that the procedure employed in defendant’s trial for perjury is a “far cry [different] from the kind of absolute prerequisite to the fundamental fairness that is ‘implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.’ ” Teague, supra, 489 U.S. at 314 , 109 S.Ct. at 1077 , 103 L.Ed.2d at 358 .	1	1999–1999
State v. Hughes green ariz · 1967 2 sentences 1978In State v. Hughes, 102 Ariz. 118 , 426 P. 2d 386 (Sup. Ct. 1967), the court made an instructive review of cases in other jurisdictions: While in some jurisdictions it has been held that evidence of a prior crime must be such that the jury would believe beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had committed it, [ Curry v. State, 169 Tex. Cr. 1978In State v. Hughes, 102 Ariz. 118 , 426 P. 2d 386 (Sup. Ct. 1967), the court made an instructive review of cases in other jurisdictions: While in some jurisdictions it has been held that evidence of a prior crime must be such that the jury would believe beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had committed it, [ Curry v. State, 169 Tex. Cr.	1	1978–1978
Curry v. State green texcrimapp · 1960 1 sentence 1978In State v. Hughes, 102 Ariz. 118 , 426 P. 2d 386 (Sup. Ct. 1967), the court made an instructive review of cases in other jurisdictions: While in some jurisdictions it has been held that evidence of a prior crime must be such that the jury would believe beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had committed it, [ Curry v. State, 169 Tex. Cr.	1	1978–1978

Where else courts name it

TX 79 (1903–2025) MO 68 (1935–2020) LA 55 (1952–2024) IL 49 (1963–2026) CA 42 (1923–2026) WA 24 (1978–2024) KS 23 (1968–2024) CT 19 (1979–2020) FL 17 (1989–2018) OH 15 (1990–2025) NY 13 (1949–2012) WI 12 (1979–2026) OK 11 (1924–2011) KY 11 (1975–2025) IN 11 (1975–2019) MD 11 (1933–2011) DE 9 (1973–2026) NJ 9 (1978–2021) AZ 9 (1986–2020) PA 9 (1968–2019) MA 9 (1973–2019) UT 8 (1986–2025) MS 8 (1987–2004) NE 8 (1992–2018) ME 7 (1978–2017) MN 7 (1959–2005) MI 7 (1985–2005) HI 7 (1974–2013) VA 6 (1980–2020) NC 6 (1925–2009) CO 6 (1991–2025) TN 5 (1982–2020) AL 4 (1958–2000) OR 4 (1976–2025) NH 4 (1988–2022) DC 4 (1979–2022) AK 4 (1970–1995) IA 3 (1984–2024) SC 3 (1995–2008) AR 3 (1989–2002) MT 3 (1968–2004) WY 3 (1991–2006) NM 2 (1969–1974) WV 2 (2014–2021) SD 2 (1998–1998) GA 2 (1972–2022) VT 2 (1985–2011)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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