McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework (Washington) · Go Syfert
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McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework in Washington

9 Washington opinions name it 1 courts 1999–2026 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (8)

CaseFollowedCited
Scrivener v. Clark Collegegreen
wash · 2014 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2016–2026
2 sentences

2026See id. (citing Scrivener, 181 Wn.2d at 445 ).

2023Scrivener v. Clark Coll, 181 Wn.2d 439, 445 , 334 P.3d 541 (2014). 12 No. 57125-1-II Here, Wilcox attempts to meet this burden with his evidence that Dotson expressed concern for his mental capacity, including accusing him of having dementia, in conjunction with repeatedly threatening to place, and ultimately placing, Wilcox on administrative leave.

15
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Greengreen
scotus · 1973 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2015–2024
2 sentences

2024Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., Inc., 162 Wn.2d 340, 359 , 172 P.3d 688 (2007) (noting that a WLAD claim 5 The McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework originated in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 , 93 S. Ct. 1817 , 36 L.

2024Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., Inc., 162 Wn.2d 340, 359 , 172 P.3d 688 (2007) (noting that a WLAD claim 5 The McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework originated in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 , 93 S. Ct. 1817 , 36 L.

15
Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., Inc.green
wash · 2007 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2015–2024
2 sentences

2024Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., Inc., 162 Wn.2d 340, 359 , 172 P.3d 688 (2007) (noting that a WLAD claim 5 The McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework originated in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 , 93 S. Ct. 1817 , 36 L.

2015Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., 162 Wn.2d 340, 354 , 172 P. 3d 688 2007) ( citing Hill v. BCTI Income Fund -I, 144 Wn.2d 172, 180 , 23 P. 3d 440 ( 2001)).

12
Isis Naguib v. Trimark Hotel Corporationgreen
ca8 · 2018 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See e.g., Walton v. Harker, 33 F.4th 165, 171 (2022) (“Employees may prove that their employer retaliated against them for engaging in protected activity through one of two ways: (1) by direct evidence of retaliatory animus; or (2) through the McDonnell Douglas burden shifting-framework.”) (internal citation omitted); Naguib v. Trimark Hotel Corp., 903 F.3d 806, 811 (8th Cir. 2018) (“[R]etaliation claims may be proved by either direct evidence or under the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework); Sylvester v. SOS Children’s Villages Ill., Inc., 453 F.3d 900, 902 (7th Cir. 2006) (distingui

11
Cathy Walton v. Thomas Harkergreen
ca4 · 2022 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See e.g., Walton v. Harker, 33 F.4th 165, 171 (2022) (“Employees may prove that their employer retaliated against them for engaging in protected activity through one of two ways: (1) by direct evidence of retaliatory animus; or (2) through the McDonnell Douglas burden shifting-framework.”) (internal citation omitted); Naguib v. Trimark Hotel Corp., 903 F.3d 806, 811 (8th Cir. 2018) (“[R]etaliation claims may be proved by either direct evidence or under the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework); Sylvester v. SOS Children’s Villages Ill., Inc., 453 F.3d 900, 902 (7th Cir. 2006) (distingui

11
Rosemary Sylvester v. Sos Children's Villages Illinois, Inc.green
ca7 · 2006 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See e.g., Walton v. Harker, 33 F.4th 165, 171 (2022) (“Employees may prove that their employer retaliated against them for engaging in protected activity through one of two ways: (1) by direct evidence of retaliatory animus; or (2) through the McDonnell Douglas burden shifting-framework.”) (internal citation omitted); Naguib v. Trimark Hotel Corp., 903 F.3d 806, 811 (8th Cir. 2018) (“[R]etaliation claims may be proved by either direct evidence or under the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework); Sylvester v. SOS Children’s Villages Ill., Inc., 453 F.3d 900, 902 (7th Cir. 2006) (distingui

11
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A.green
scotus · 2002 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013See Swierkiewicz v. Sorema NA, 534 U.S. 506, 511 , 122 S. Ct. 992 , 152 L.

2013See Swierkiewicz v. Sorema NA, 534 U.S. 506, 511 , 122 S. Ct. 992 , 152 L.

11
Ruiz v. Caribbean Restaurants, Inc.green
prd · 1999 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
1 sentence

1999For Acevedo to establish a prima facie quid pro quo harassment claim she must show that: “1)' she is a member of a protected group; 2) sexual advances towards her were unwelcomed; 3) the harassment was sexually motivated; 4) the employer’s reaction to the supervisor’s advances affected a tangible aspect of her employment; and 5) respondeat superior liability has been established.. ” Ruiz, 54 F.Supp.2d 97, 105 (quoting Chamberlin, 915 F.2d at 783).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (4)

CaseCitedYears
Hill v. BCTI Income Fund-I green
wash · 2001
2 sentences

2024Ed. 2d 668 (1973), and Washington courts have largely adopted this framework for evaluating discrimination cases “where the plaintiff lacks direct evidence of discriminatory animus,” see Hill v. BCTI Income Fund-I, 144 Wn.2d 172, 180 , 23 P.3d 440 (2001), overruled on other grounds by Mikkelsen v. Pub.

2015Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., 162 Wn.2d 340, 354 , 172 P. 3d 688 2007) ( citing Hill v. BCTI Income Fund -I, 144 Wn.2d 172, 180 , 23 P. 3d 440 ( 2001)).

22015–2024
Hill v. BCTI Income Fund-I green
wash · 2001
2 sentences

2024Ed. 2d 668 (1973), and Washington courts have largely adopted this framework for evaluating discrimination cases “where the plaintiff lacks direct evidence of discriminatory animus,” see Hill v. BCTI Income Fund-I, 144 Wn.2d 172, 180 , 23 P.3d 440 (2001), overruled on other grounds by Mikkelsen v. Pub.

2015Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., 162 Wn.2d 340, 354 , 172 P. 3d 688 2007) ( citing Hill v. BCTI Income Fund -I, 144 Wn.2d 172, 180 , 23 P. 3d 440 ( 2001)).

22015–2024
Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co. green
wash · 2007
2 sentences

2024Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., Inc., 162 Wn.2d 340, 359 , 172 P.3d 688 (2007) (noting that a WLAD claim 5 The McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework originated in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 , 93 S. Ct. 1817 , 36 L.

2015Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., 162 Wn.2d 340, 354 , 172 P. 3d 688 2007) ( citing Hill v. BCTI Income Fund -I, 144 Wn.2d 172, 180 , 23 P. 3d 440 ( 2001)).

22015–2024
Alonso v. Qwest Communications Co. green
washctapp · 2013
1 sentence

2023“We generally consider an employer’s discriminatory remarks to be direct evidence of discrimination.” Id. 9 Without direct evidence of discriminatory intent, a plaintiff may satisfy their burden through the use of the McDonnell Douglas burden shifting test that establishes an inference of discriminatory intent.

12023–2023

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 49.60.180 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 49.60.210 (4) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 49.60.040 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 76 (2003–2026) CA 49 (1996–2026) MI 26 (1995–2025) MN 15 (1997–2025) OH 13 (2011–2025) TN 12 (2010–2018) IA 11 (2003–2025) WA 9 (1999–2026) NY 9 (2015–2023) NJ 8 (1998–2023) ME 7 (2004–2021) KY 6 (2011–2025) GA 6 (2013–2023) IL 5 (1998–2025) KS 4 (1994–2024) VT 4 (1995–2024) MO 4 (2007–2024) DC 4 (2004–2024) MD 4 (2021–2024) RI 3 (2005–2009) LA 3 (2010–2023) PA 2 (2003–2024) NC 2 (2017–2024) ID 2 (2008–2013) CT 2 (2021–2025) AZ 2 (2018–2023) SD 2 (2006–2015) UT 2 (2000–2025) NH 2 (2001–2019)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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