tripartite test in North Carolina

7 North Carolina opinions name it 2 courts 1987–2003 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by North Carolina courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (0)

Case	Followed	Cited
No positive-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Carolina.

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Carolina. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (8)

Case	Cited	Years
United States Trust Co. of NY v. New Jersey green scotus · 1977 2 sentences 1987However, the Supreme Court has recognized that states may impair contracts in the exercise of their police power in order to protect the general interests of the commonwealth. [3] In United States Trust Co. v. New Jersey, 431 U.S. 1 , 97 S.Ct. 1505 , 52 L.Ed.2d 92 (1977), the Supreme Court established a tripartite test for deciding cases involving alleged Contract Clause infringements when a state is a party to the contract. [4] The reviewing court must first ascertain whether a contractual obligation arose under the statute. 1987However, the Supreme Court has recognized that states may impair contracts in the exercise of their police power in order to protect the general interests of the commonwealth. 3 In United States Trust Co. v. New Jersey, 431 U.S. 1 (1977), the Supreme Court established a tripartite test for deciding cases involving alleged Contract Clause infringements when a state is a party to the contract. 4 The reviewing court must first ascertain whether a contractual obligation arose under the statute.	3	1987–1996
State v. Jackson green nc · 1983 2 sentences 1989State v. Jackson, 309 N.C. 26 , 305 S.E.2d 703 (1983); State v. Hutchins, 303 N.C. 321 , 279 S.E.2d 788 (1981). 1989State v. Jackson, 309 N.C. 26 , 305 S.E.2d 703 (1983); State v. Hutchins, 303 N.C. 321 , 279 S.E.2d 788 (1981).	2	1988–1989
State v. Hutchins green nc · 1981 2 sentences 1989State v. Jackson, 309 N.C. 26 , 305 S.E.2d 703 (1983); State v. Hutchins, 303 N.C. 321 , 279 S.E.2d 788 (1981). 1989State v. Jackson, 309 N.C. 26 , 305 S.E.2d 703 (1983); State v. Hutchins, 303 N.C. 321 , 279 S.E.2d 788 (1981).	2	1988–1989
State v. Smith green ncctapp · 1996 1 sentence 2003Smith, 124 N.C.	1	2003–2003
Baltimore Teachers Union v. Mayor of Baltimore green scotus · 1994 2 sentences 1996In applying the third prong of the tripartite test, we are guided by the opinion in Baltimore Teachers Union v. Mayor and City of Baltimore, 6 F.3d 1012 (4th Cir.1993), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 114 S.Ct. 1127 , 127 L.Ed.2d 435 (1994). 1996In applying the third prong of the tripartite test, we are guided by the opinion in Baltimore Teachers Union v. Mayor and City of Baltimore, 6 F.3d 1012 (4th Cir. 1993), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 127 L.Ed.2d 435 (1994).	1	1996–1996
cluster 654598 green ca4 · 1993 2 sentences 1996In applying the third prong of the tripartite test, we are guided by the opinion in Baltimore Teachers Union v. Mayor and City of Baltimore, 6 F.3d 1012 (4th Cir.1993), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 114 S.Ct. 1127 , 127 L.Ed.2d 435 (1994). 1996In applying the third prong of the tripartite test, we are guided by the opinion in Baltimore Teachers Union v. Mayor and City of Baltimore, 6 F.3d 1012 (4th Cir. 1993), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 127 L.Ed.2d 435 (1994).	1	1996–1996
Simpson v. NORTH CAROLINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMP. RETIRE. SYS. green ncctapp · 1987 2 sentences 1996The final determination under the tripartite test is whether the disturbance of plaintiffs benefits under G.S. § 128-24(5)(c) was “reasonable and necessary to serve an important public purpose.” Simpson, 88 N.C. 1996App. at 225 , 363 S.E.2d at 94 (quoting United States Trust, 431 U.S. at 25 , 52 L.	1	1996–1996
Callins v. Collins, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division green scotus · 1994 1 sentence 1996In applying the third prong of the tripartite test, we are guided by the opinion in Baltimore Teachers Union v. Mayor and City of Baltimore, 6 F.3d 1012 (4th Cir.1993), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 114 S.Ct. 1127 , 127 L.Ed.2d 435 (1994).	1	1996–1996

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 128-27 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

OH 134 (1984–2025) PA 88 (1975–2026) NY 53 (1976–2026) CA 50 (1966–2024) NJ 21 (1977–2025) MA 17 (1976–2025) GA 17 (1986–2024) IN 11 (1988–2017) IL 9 (1973–2005) CO 9 (1978–2016) KY 8 (2002–2026) MO 8 (1987–2017) RI 7 (1994–2018) CT 7 (1993–2011) NC 7 (1987–2003) LA 6 (1981–2016) MD 6 (1978–1998) WI 4 (1982–2012) VA 4 (1988–2026) DC 4 (1982–2024) TX 4 (1983–2007) MI 4 (1982–1997) NH 3 (2000–2025) OK 3 (1985–2021) DE 3 (1995–2016) NE 3 (1993–2019) TN 3 (1993–2013) SD 3 (2008–2022) AR 3 (1992–2000) WV 3 (1991–2002) IA 3 (2015–2019) OR 2 (1980–1984) WA 2 (1973–2017) HI 2 (1982–2002) ME 2 (1989–2007) KS 2 (1993–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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