49 California opinions name it 3 courts 1994–2026 18 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn.green2 sentences2025As we explain, they do not. 53 California’s Constitutional Right of Privacy “[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 , 39–40 (Hill).) Whether the first element has been alleged may not be so easily determined. 2025A plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish: “(1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic information relating to a juvenile adjudication is prohibited under Government Code section 12952.” We reject these arguments as unsupported by the text of these statutes. 17 Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 , 39–40.) “A defendant may prevail in a state constitutional priv | 8 | 24 |
Mathews v. Becerragreen2 sentences2026Constitutional Right to Privacy “ ‘[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Mathews v. Becerra (2019) 8 Cal.5th 756, 769 (Mathews).) We need not decide whether Plaintiff established the first two elements because we hold the facts alleged fail to demonstrate a serious invasion of privacy. “ ‘[A]ctionable invasions of p 2026Constitutional Right to Privacy “ ‘[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Mathews v. Becerra (2019) 8 Cal.5th 756, 769 (Mathews).) We need not decide whether Plaintiff established the first two elements because we hold the facts alleged fail to demonstrate a serious invasion of privacy. “ ‘[A]ctionable invasions of p | 2 | 3 |
JEFFREY H. v. Imai, Tadlock & Keeneygreen2 sentences2003Under Susan S. a Crime Victim Has a Cause of Action for Invasion of Her Constitutional Right to Privacy against a Defense Attorney Who Deliberately Misleads the Court to Obtain Confidential Psychiatric Records “[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1, 39-40 2003Under Susan S. a Crime Victim Has a Cause of Action for Invasion of Her Constitutional Right to Privacy against a Defense Attorney Who Deliberately Misleads the Court to Obtain Confidential Psychiatric Records “[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1, 39-40 | 2 | 2 |
American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungrengreen2 sentences2019Nor can the demurrer be upheld, as respondents urge, on the basis that appellants failed to state a claim for invasion of privacy. "[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy." ( Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 , 39-40, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 834 , 865 P.2d 633 ( Hill ).) The last of these elements " ' 2019Nor can the demurrer be upheld, as respondents urge, on the basis that appellants failed to state a claim for invasion of privacy. "[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy." ( Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 , 39-40, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 834 , 865 P.2d 633 ( Hill ).) The last of these elements " ' | 1 | 5 |
Loder v. City of Glendalegreen2 sentences2019Nor can the demurrer be upheld, as respondents urge, on the basis that appellants failed to state a claim for invasion of privacy. "[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy." ( Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 , 39-40, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 834 , 865 P.2d 633 ( Hill ).) The last of these elements " ' 2019Nor can the demurrer be upheld, as respondents urge, on the basis that appellants failed to state a claim for invasion of privacy. "[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy." ( Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 , 39-40, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 834 , 865 P.2d 633 ( Hill ).) The last of these elements " ' | 1 | 3 |
Heller v. Norcal Mutual Insurancegreen2 sentences2023Co. (1994) 8 Cal.4th 30 , 42–43.) “ ‘Actionable invasions of privacy must be sufficiently serious in their nature, scope, and actual or potential impact to constitute an egregious breach of the social norms underlying the privacy right.’ ” (Strawn v. Morris, Polich & Purdy, LLP (2019) 30 Cal.App.5th 1087, 1098 .) We conclude that, as a matter of law, D’Aguiar has failed to state a cause of action for invasion of his state constitutional privacy interest because he did not adequately plead facts supporting a conclusion that any expectation of privacy as to his financial condition would be reaso 1997Co. (1994) 8 Cal.4th 30, 42-43 [ 32 Cal.Rptr.2d 200 , 876 P.2d 999 ] [same].) Today, in a sentence whose length is exceeded only by its circuity, the plurality offers the following gloss on our holding in Hill: “ ‘The three “elements” set forth in Hill—a legally protected privacy interest, reasonable expectation of privacy, and serious invasion of privacy—should not be interpreted as establishing significant new requirements or hurdles that a plaintiff must meet in order to demonstrate a violation of the right to privacy under the state Constitution—hurdles that would modify substantially the | 1 | 2 |
International Federation of Professional & Technical Engineers, Local 21 v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2020(International Fed., supra, 42 Cal.4th at p. 338 .) As the Moreno court notes, an invasion of privacy claim arises from “ ‘ “ ‘the right to define one’s circle of intimacy—to choose who shall see beneath the quotidian mask.’ ” . . . ’ [Citation.]” (Moreno, supra, 172 Cal.App.4th at p. 1130 ; see id. at p. 1129 [the tort of invasion of privacy arises from “a distinct interest associated with an individual’s control of the process or products of his or her personal life”].) Under the law of the case, the right to control disclosure of the allegedly confidential attorney work product communicatio 2014Again, in light of the fact the documents were publicly filed, we reject the District Attorney’s arguments based on the California Constitution’s right to privacy. “[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1 , 39^40 [ 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 834 , 865 P.2d 633 ]; see I | 1 | 2 |
Rusheen v. Cohengreen2 sentences2020(See Rusheen, supra, 37 Cal.4th at p. 1065 [“the litigation privilege extends to noncommunicative acts that are necessarily related to the communicative conduct”].) Nelson attempts to distinguish Foothill, a case with facts quite similar to ours, in which the appellate court held that the litigation privilege was a complete bar to the plaintiffs’ invasion of privacy claim that was based on the defendant’s act of responding to a subpoena in an allegedly overbroad manner. 2019Code, § 47, subd. (b)(2).) With the "principal purpose" of affording litigants and witnesses "the utmost freedom of access to the courts without fear of being harassed subsequently by derivative tort actions," the privilege "applies to any communication (1) made in judicial or quasi-judicial proceedings; (2) by litigants or other participants authorized by law; (3) to achieve the objects of the litigation; and (4) that have some connection or logical relation to the action." ( *223 Silberg v. Anderson (1990) 50 Cal.3d 205 , 212-213, 266 Cal.Rptr. 638 , 786 P.2d 365 .) "The privilege 'is not li | 1 | 2 |
Reader's Digest Assn. v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences1998Invasion of Privacy When, as here, an invasion of privacy claim rests on the same allegations as a claim for defamation, the former cannot be maintained as a separate claim if the latter fails as a matter of law. ( Reader's Digest Assn. v. Superior Court (1984) 37 Cal.3d 244, 265 , 208 Cal.Rptr. 137 , 690 P.2d 610 .) Accordingly, summary judgment on Alszeh's claim for invasion of privacy was also proper. 1998Invasion of Privacy When, as here, an invasion of privacy claim rests on the same allegations as a claim for defamation, the former cannot be maintained as a separate claim if the latter fails as a matter of law. ( Reader's Digest Assn. v. Superior Court (1984) 37 Cal.3d 244, 265 , 208 Cal.Rptr. 137 , 690 P.2d 610 .) Accordingly, summary judgment on Alszeh's claim for invasion of privacy was also proper. | 1 | 2 |
County of Los Angeles v. Los Angeles County Employee Relations Commissiongreen1 sentence2024(See, e.g., County of Los Angeles v. Los Angeles County Employee Relations Com. (2013) 56 Cal.4th 905, 926-932 [providing detailed example of how to analyze invasion of privacy claims].) This would include the District’s arguments that publication of the claim was absolutely privileged pursuant to Civil Code section 47, and that Royer did not have an objectively reasonable expectation of privacy once she filed a government tort claim as a precursor to litigation. | 1 | 1 |
Palay v. SUPERIOR COURT OF LOS ANGELES CTY.green1 sentence2023(Palay, supra, 18 Cal.App.4th at p. 933 [“[a]n ‘intrusion upon constitutionally protected areas of privacy requires a “balancing of the juxtaposed rights” ’ ”].) Recently, in Mathews v. Becerra (2019) 8 Cal.5th 756 (Mathews), our high court summarized the framework for analyzing constitutional privacy claims: “ ‘[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; 5 With respect to materials claimed to b | 1 | 1 |
Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Superior Courtgreen1 sentence2023(Palay, supra, 18 Cal.App.4th at p. 933 [“[a]n ‘intrusion upon constitutionally protected areas of privacy requires a “balancing of the juxtaposed rights” ’ ”].) Recently, in Mathews v. Becerra (2019) 8 Cal.5th 756 (Mathews), our high court summarized the framework for analyzing constitutional privacy claims: “ ‘[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; 5 With respect to materials claimed to b | 1 | 1 |
Alszeh v. Home Box Officegreen2 sentences2022In this connection the expression used as well as the “whole scope and apparent object of the writer” must be considered. [Citation.]’ [Citations.] [¶] . . . ‘Whether published material is reasonably susceptible of an interpretation which implies a provably false assertion of fact—the dispositive question in a defamation action—is a question of law for the court. [Citations.] This question must be resolved by considering whether the reasonable or “average” reader would so interpret the material. [Citations.] The “average reader” is a reasonable member of the audience to 11 Because plaintiffs’ 2022In this connection the expression used as well as the “whole scope and apparent object of the writer” must be considered. [Citation.]’ [Citations.] [¶] . . . ‘Whether published material is reasonably susceptible of an interpretation which implies a provably false assertion of fact—the dispositive question in a defamation action—is a question of law for the court. [Citations.] This question must be resolved by considering whether the reasonable or “average” reader would so interpret the material. [Citations.] The “average reader” is a reasonable member of the audience to 11 Because plaintiffs’ | 1 | 1 |
| Webb v. Standard Oil Co. of Californiagreen | 1 | 1 |
| Weingarten v. Superior Courtgreen | 1 | 1 |
| White v. Davisgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Whalen v. Roegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Frazee v. Seelygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Meche v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Hendrickson v. California Newspapers, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Marshall v. Brown
green
2 sentences2022(Clauson v. Superior Court, supra, at p. 1256.) Likewise, in Marshall v. Brown (1983) 141 Cal.App.3d 408 , the plaintiff asserted causes of action for slander and for misrepresentation preventing employment in 70 violation of Labor Code section 1050, both based on a letter the defendants had sent. 2022(Id. at p. 1256.) Likewise, in Marshall v. Brown (1983) 141 Cal.App.3d 408 (Marshall), the plaintiff asserted causes of action for slander and for misrepresentation preventing employment, in violation of Labor Code section 1050, both based on a letter the defendants had sent. ( Marshall, supra, at pp. 411-412 .) The appellate court held that the plaintiff would have to elect between punitive damages on the slander claim and a statutory penalty under the Labor Code claim. | 2 | 2022–2022 |
SUSAN S. v. Israels
green
2 sentences2003Under Susan S. a Crime Victim Has a Cause of Action for Invasion of Her Constitutional Right to Privacy against a Defense Attorney Who Deliberately Misleads the Court To Obtain Confidential Psychiatric Records "[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy." ( Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1, 39-4 2003Under Susan S. a Crime Victim Has a Cause of Action for Invasion of Her Constitutional Right to Privacy against a Defense Attorney Who Deliberately Misleads the Court to Obtain Confidential Psychiatric Records “[A] plaintiff alleging an invasion of privacy in violation of the state constitutional right to privacy must establish each of the following: (1) a legally protected privacy interest; (2) a reasonable expectation of privacy in the circumstances; and (3) conduct by defendant constituting a serious invasion of privacy.” (Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1, 39-40 | 2 | 2003–2003 |
In Re SC
green
1 sentence2025Thus, to the extent that Courtois is claiming the right to amend her complaint to add a new cause of action, she has waived that issue on appeal. 25 County of Los Angeles (2007) 149 Cal.App.4th 836, 852 .) “To demonstrate error, appellant must present meaningful legal analysis supported by citations to authority and citations to facts in the record that support the claim of error. [Citations.] When a point is asserted without argument and authority for the proposition, ‘it is deemed to be without foundation and requires no discussion by the reviewing court.’ [Citations.] Hence, conclusory clai | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Benach v. County of Los Angeles
green
1 sentence2025Thus, to the extent that Courtois is claiming the right to amend her complaint to add a new cause of action, she has waived that issue on appeal. 25 County of Los Angeles (2007) 149 Cal.App.4th 836, 852 .) “To demonstrate error, appellant must present meaningful legal analysis supported by citations to authority and citations to facts in the record that support the claim of error. [Citations.] When a point is asserted without argument and authority for the proposition, ‘it is deemed to be without foundation and requires no discussion by the reviewing court.’ [Citations.] Hence, conclusory clai | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Cummings v. Benco Building Services
green
1 sentence2025“Instead, the case at bar appears to be a routine case in which the plaintiff merely failed to achieve success on her claim.” (Cummings, supra, 11 Cal.App.4th at p. 1390 .) We therefore conclude the trial court acted within its discretion when it denied Marinkovich’s request for fees. | 1 | 2025–2025 |
McComber v. Wells
green
1 sentence2025We will not perform an independent, unassisted review of the record “ ‘in search of error or grounds to support the judgment.’ ” (McComber v. Wells (1999) 72 Cal.App.4th 512, 522 .) Further adding confusion to Courtois’s argument regarding the invasion of privacy claim, Courtois discusses the Financial Information Privacy Act (FIPA) (Fin. | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Rosales v. City of Los Angeles
green
1 sentence2024If the undisputed material facts show no reasonable expectation of privacy or an insubstantial impact on privacy interests, the question of invasion may be adjudicated as a matter of law.” (Id. at p. 40.) “ ‘ “[A]ctionable invasions of privacy must be sufficiently serious in their nature, scope, and actual or potential impact to constitute an egregious breach of the social norms underlying the privacy right.” ’ ” (Rosales v. City of Los Angeles (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 419, 429 .) Quan’s complaint alleged that he had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the reasons his employment ended. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Wilson v. Cable News Network, Inc.
green
1 sentence2024At the first step of the anti-SLAPP analysis, “the question is only whether a defendant has made out a prima facie case that activity underlying a plaintiff’s claims is statutorily protected [citations], not whether it has shown its acts are ultimately lawful.” ( Wilson, supra, at p. 888 .) Here, the act underlying the invasion of privacy claim (i.e., publishing Royer’s tort claim) constitutes protected activity. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Laker v. Bd. of Trs. of the Cal. State Univ.
green
1 sentence2024Protected activity includes (1) “any written or oral statement or writing made before a legislative, executive, or judicial proceeding, or any other official proceeding authorized by law,” and (2) “any written or oral statement or writing made in connection with an issue under consideration or review by a legislative, executive, or judicial body, or any other official proceeding authorized by law.” (§ 425.16, subd. (e)(1), (e)(2).) The District argues a public entity’s receipt and consideration of a claim submitted pursuant to the Government Claims Act is an official proceeding authorized by l | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Goodman v. Kennedy
green
1 sentence2023As we find 29 sufficient the allegations in support of the battery and IIED claims, the only claim left subject to amendment is the invasion of privacy claim. “ ‘Generally it is an abuse of discretion to sustain a demurrer without leave to amend if there is any reasonable possibility that the defect can be cured by amendment’ ” so long as the plaintiff has shown “ ‘in what manner he can amend [the] complaint and how that amendment will change the legal effect of [the] pleading.’ ” (Goodman v. Kennedy (1976) 18 Cal.3d 335, 349 .) Sadeghi shoulders the burden to show a reasonable possibility the | 1 | 2023–2023 |
Strawn v. Morris Polich & Purdy, LLP
green
1 sentence2023Co. (1994) 8 Cal.4th 30 , 42–43.) “ ‘Actionable invasions of privacy must be sufficiently serious in their nature, scope, and actual or potential impact to constitute an egregious breach of the social norms underlying the privacy right.’ ” (Strawn v. Morris, Polich & Purdy, LLP (2019) 30 Cal.App.5th 1087, 1098 .) We conclude that, as a matter of law, D’Aguiar has failed to state a cause of action for invasion of his state constitutional privacy interest because he did not adequately plead facts supporting a conclusion that any expectation of privacy as to his financial condition would be reaso | 1 | 2023–2023 |
Dudek v. Dudek
green
1 sentence2023As we find 29 sufficient the allegations in support of the battery and IIED claims, the only claim left subject to amendment is the invasion of privacy claim. “ ‘Generally it is an abuse of discretion to sustain a demurrer without leave to amend if there is any reasonable possibility that the defect can be cured by amendment’ ” so long as the plaintiff has shown “ ‘in what manner he can amend [the] complaint and how that amendment will change the legal effect of [the] pleading.’ ” (Goodman v. Kennedy (1976) 18 Cal.3d 335, 349 .) Sadeghi shoulders the burden to show a reasonable possibility the | 1 | 2023–2023 |
De Havilland v. FX Networks, LLC
green
2 sentences2022In this connection the expression used as well as the “whole scope and apparent object of the writer” must be considered. [Citation.]’ [Citations.] [¶] . . . ‘Whether published material is reasonably susceptible of an interpretation which implies a provably false assertion of fact—the dispositive question in a defamation action—is a question of law for the court. [Citations.] This question must be resolved by considering whether the reasonable or “average” reader would so interpret the material. [Citations.] The “average reader” is a reasonable member of the audience to 11 Because plaintiffs’ 2022(De Havilland, supra, 21 Cal.App.5th at pp. 865– 866.) To the extent plaintiffs are limited public figures, they must also show that defendants acted with actual malice, i.e., they either knew the statements were false or acted in reckless disregard of the falsity. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Sanders v. American Broadcasting Companies
green
1 sentence2021(Hernandez v. Hillsides, Inc., supra, 47 Cal.4th at p. 288 .) Indeed, the Court has held that even “a person who lacks a reasonable expectation of complete privacy in a conversation, because it could be seen and overheard by coworkers (but not the general public), may nevertheless have a claim for invasion of privacy by intrusion based on a television reporter’s covert videotaping of that conversation.” (Sanders v. American Broadcasting Companies (1999) 20 Cal.4th 907, 923 , italics added.) We believe the principle holds for covert audio recordings made by a client as well, at least where, as | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Huntingdon Life Sciences, Inc. v. Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA, Inc.
green
1 sentence2021Rather, ‘[p]rivacy for purposes of the intrusion tort must be evaluated with respect to the identity of the alleged intruder and the nature of the intrusion.’ [Citation.] ‘[D]etermining offensiveness requires consideration of all the circumstances of the intrusion, including its degree and setting and the intruder’s “motives and objectives.”’” (Huntingdon Life Sciences, Inc. v. Stope Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA, Inc. (2005) 129 Cal.App.4th 1228, 1259-1260 .) Yu and Zhong argue respondents failed to allege sufficient facts to make out an invasion of privacy claim because they disclosed nothin | 1 | 2021–2021 |
OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 3 v. Johnson
green
2 sentences2021In Johnson, supra, 110 Cal.App.4th 180 , our colleagues at the First Appellate District held the invasion of privacy claim asserted by the plaintiff in that case was not barred by workers’ compensation exclusivity. 2021In Johnson, supra, 110 Cal.App.4th 180 , our colleagues at the First Appellate District held the invasion of privacy claim asserted by the plaintiff in that case was not barred by workers’ compensation exclusivity. | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Hernandez v. Hillsides, Inc.
green
1 sentence2021(Hernandez v. Hillsides, Inc., supra, 47 Cal.4th at p. 288 .) Indeed, the Court has held that even “a person who lacks a reasonable expectation of complete privacy in a conversation, because it could be seen and overheard by coworkers (but not the general public), may nevertheless have a claim for invasion of privacy by intrusion based on a television reporter’s covert videotaping of that conversation.” (Sanders v. American Broadcasting Companies (1999) 20 Cal.4th 907, 923 , italics added.) We believe the principle holds for covert audio recordings made by a client as well, at least where, as | 1 | 2021–2021 |
| Moreno v. Hanford Sentinel, Inc. green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| Foothill Federal Credit Union v. Superior Court green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| Williams v. Superior Court of L. A. Cnty. green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Fraternal Order Of Police, Lodge No. 5 v. City Of Philadelphia green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Silberg v. Anderson green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Action Apartment Ass'n v. City of Santa Monica green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Shulman v. Group W Productions, Inc. green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| Taus v. Loftus green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| Bahl v. Bank of America green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| TBG Insurance Services Corp. v. Superior Court green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Kobzoff v. Los Angeles County Harbor/UCLA Medical Center green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Pioneer Electronics (USA), Inc. v. Superior Court green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Florida Star v. B. J. F. green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. District Court in & for Oklahoma County green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Alim v. Superior Court green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Demar Nilson v. Layton City and Rex Brimhall green | 1 | 2000–2000 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.