product rule in Illinois

48 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1967–2023 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (27)

Case	Followed	Cited
People v. Klinergreen ill · 1998 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2009–2011 2 sentences 2011People v. Kliner, 185 Ill. 2d 81, 154 , 705 N.E.2d 850, 887 (1998); Williams, 313 Ill. 2011People v. Kliner, 185 Ill. 2d 81, 154 , 705 N.E.2d 850, 887 (1998); Williams, 313 Ill.	4	4
People v. Almighty Four Hundredgreen illappct · 1997 · cited in 3 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2003–2014 2 sentences 2014See People v. Almighty Four Hundred, 287 Ill. 2003See People v. The Almighty Four Hundred, 287 Ill.	3	3
People v. Millergreen ill · 1996 · cited in 12 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1996–2017 2 sentences 2017He concedes that the frequencies in this case were calculated using generally accepted methodology and acknowledges our supreme court’s decision in People v. Miller, 173 Ill. 2d 167 (1996), which first approved of the use of the statistical method (known as the product rule) which was used in this case. 2017Defendant, as noted above, concedes that the frequencies in this case were calculated using generally accepted methodology, and acknowledges our supreme court’s decision in Miller, 173 Ill. 2d 167 , which first approved of the use of the statistical method (known as the product rule), which was used in this case.	2	12
People v. Wrightgreen illappct · 2012 · cited in 5 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2017–2019 2 sentences 2017The finding of 900 nine-locus matches in the Illinois database of more than 220,000 profiles also comports reasonably well with the product rule. 8 No. 1-15-0642 ¶ 22 Richmond relies primarily on People v. Wright, 2012 IL App (1st) 073106 , as authority showing that his counsel arguably provided ineffective assistance. 2017The finding of 900 nine-locus matches in the Illinois database of more than 220,000 profiles also comports reasonably well with the product rule. ¶ 22 Richmond relies primarily on People v. Wright, 2012 IL App (1st) 073106 , as authority showing that his counsel arguably provided ineffective assistance.	2	5
People v. Collinsgreen cal · 1968 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1984–2017 2 sentences 2017But when two events do not occur independently, if they have a positive correlation, “the product rule would inevitably yield a wholly erroneous and exaggerated result even if all of the individual components had been determined with precision.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Collins, 438 P.2d 33, 39 (Cal. 1968) (en banc). ¶ 19 Our supreme court observed that when DNA evidence first came into use in court proceedings, some controversy arose over the use of the product rule. 2017But when two events do not occur independently, if they have a positive correlation, “the product rule would inevitably yield a wholly erroneous and exaggerated result even if all of the individual components had been determined with precision.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Collins, 438 P.2d 33, 39 (Cal. 1968) (en banc). ¶ 19 Our supreme court observed that when DNA evidence first came into use in court proceedings, some controversy arose over the use of the product rule.	2	4
People v. Hickeygreen ill · 1997 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2003–2012 2 sentences 2012See People v. Hickey, 178 Ill.2d 256, 279 , 227 Ill.Dec. 428 , 687 N.E.2d 910 (1997) (upholding, based on Miller, the trial court's denial of a Frye hearing on the product rule); see also People v. Basler, 193 Ill.2d 545, 551 , 251 Ill.Dec. 171 , 740 N.E.2d 1 (2000) ("Where * * * a scientific method has been shown to be generally accepted, a Frye test is no longer necessary each time the State seeks to use evidence obtained by that method."). 2012See People v. Hickey, 178 Ill.2d 256, 279 , 227 Ill.Dec. 428 , 687 N.E.2d 910 (1997) (upholding, based on Miller, the trial court's denial of a Frye hearing on the product rule); see also People v. Basler, 193 Ill.2d 545, 551 , 251 Ill.Dec. 171 , 740 N.E.2d 1 (2000) ("Where * * * a scientific method has been shown to be generally accepted, a Frye test is no longer necessary each time the State seeks to use evidence obtained by that method.").	2	4
People v. Harboldgreen illappct · 1984 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 2 sentences 2017According to the product rule, “the probability of the joint occurrence of a number of independent events is equal to the product of the individual probability of the occurrence of each event.” People v. Harbold, 6 No. 1-15-0642 124 Ill. 2017According to the product rule, “the probability of the joint occurrence of a number of independent events is equal to the product of the individual probability of the occurrence of each event.” People v. Harbold, 124 Ill.	2	2
People v. Watsongreen illappct · 2012 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 2 sentences 2017Richmond appended a printout of a blog post in which a mathematician opined that the use of the product rule for estimating the probability of matches was “no better than alchemy,” “total nonsense,” and “a damned lie.” The mathematician said that admitting this testimony in court is “disgraceful” and that courts “may as well admit alchemy and astrology.” People v. Watson, 2012 IL App (2d) 091328, ¶ 28 (quoting David H. 2017Richmond appended a printout of a blog post in which a mathematician opined that the use of the product rule for estimating the probability of matches was “no better than alchemy,” “total nonsense,” and “a damned lie.” The mathematician said that admitting this testimony in court is “disgraceful” and that courts “may as well admit alchemy and astrology.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Watson, 2012 IL App (2d) 091328, ¶ 28 (quoting David H.	2	2
State v. Bandergreen washctapp · 2009 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016See State v. Lopez, 45 A.3d 1, 11 (R.I. 2012) (DNA expert testified that probability of another individual matching the profiles was 1 in 11.45 quadrillion); State v. Bander, 208 P.3d 1242, 1244 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009) (prosecution calculated another person sharing defendant’s profile was 1 in 470 billion); People v. Hill, 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d 110, 114 (Ct. App. 2001) (expert testified defendant’s DNA had genetic profile occurring in 1 of 5.89 trillion African-Americans). 2016See State v. Lopez, 45 A.3d 1, 11 (R.I. 2012) (DNA expert testified that probability of another individual matching the profiles was 1 in 11.45 quadrillion); State v. Bander, 208 P.3d 1242, 1244 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009) (prosecution calculated another person sharing defendant’s profile was 1 in 470 billion); People v. Hill, 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d 110, 114 (Cal. Ct. App. 2001) (expert testified defendant’s DNA had genetic profile occurring in 1 of 5.89 trillion African-Americans).	2	2
People v. Hillgreen calctapp · 2001 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016See State v. Lopez, 45 A.3d 1, 11 (R.I. 2012) (DNA expert testified that probability of another individual matching the profiles was 1 in 11.45 quadrillion); State v. Bander, 208 P.3d 1242, 1244 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009) (prosecution calculated another person sharing defendant’s profile was 1 in 470 billion); People v. Hill, 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d 110, 114 (Ct. App. 2001) (expert testified defendant’s DNA had genetic profile occurring in 1 of 5.89 trillion African-Americans). 2016See State v. Lopez, 45 A.3d 1, 11 (R.I. 2012) (DNA expert testified that probability of another individual matching the profiles was 1 in 11.45 quadrillion); State v. Bander, 208 P.3d 1242, 1244 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009) (prosecution calculated another person sharing defendant’s profile was 1 in 470 billion); People v. Hill, 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d 110, 114 (Cal. Ct. App. 2001) (expert testified defendant’s DNA had genetic profile occurring in 1 of 5.89 trillion African-Americans).	2	2
State v. Lopezgreen ri · 2012 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016See State v. Lopez, 45 A.3d 1, 11 (R.I. 2012) (DNA expert testified that probability of another individual matching the profiles was 1 in 11.45 quadrillion); State v. Bander, 208 P.3d 1242, 1244 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009) (prosecution calculated another person sharing defendant’s profile was 1 in 470 billion); People v. Hill, 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d 110, 114 (Ct. App. 2001) (expert testified defendant’s DNA had genetic profile occurring in 1 of 5.89 trillion African-Americans). 2016See State v. Lopez, 45 A.3d 1, 11 (R.I. 2012) (DNA expert testified that probability of another individual matching the profiles was 1 in 11.45 quadrillion); State v. Bander, 208 P.3d 1242, 1244 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009) (prosecution calculated another person sharing defendant’s profile was 1 in 470 billion); People v. Hill, 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d 110, 114 (Cal. Ct. App. 2001) (expert testified defendant’s DNA had genetic profile occurring in 1 of 5.89 trillion African-Americans).	2	2
People v. Baslergreen ill · 2000 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 2 sentences 2012See People v. Hickey, 178 Ill.2d 256, 279 , 227 Ill.Dec. 428 , 687 N.E.2d 910 (1997) (upholding, based on Miller, the trial court's denial of a Frye hearing on the product rule); see also People v. Basler, 193 Ill.2d 545, 551 , 251 Ill.Dec. 171 , 740 N.E.2d 1 (2000) ("Where * * * a scientific method has been shown to be generally accepted, a Frye test is no longer necessary each time the State seeks to use evidence obtained by that method."). 2012See People v. Hickey, 178 Ill.2d 256, 279 , 227 Ill.Dec. 428 , 687 N.E.2d 910 (1997) (upholding, based on Miller, the trial court's denial of a Frye hearing on the product rule); see also People v. Basler, 193 Ill.2d 545, 551 , 251 Ill.Dec. 171 , 740 N.E.2d 1 (2000) ("Where * * * a scientific method has been shown to be generally accepted, a Frye test is no longer necessary each time the State seeks to use evidence obtained by that method.").	2	2
Brim v. Stategreen fla · 1997 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 2 sentences 1997See also State v. Copeland, 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson, 186 Ariz. 329, 335 , 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State, 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update). 1997See also State v. Copeland , 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson , 186 Ariz. 329 , ___, 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State , 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update).	2	2
State v. Copelandgreen wash · 1996 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 2 sentences 1997See also State v. Copeland, 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson, 186 Ariz. 329, 335 , 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State, 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update). 1997See also State v. Copeland , 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson , 186 Ariz. 329 , ___, 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State , 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update).	2	2
State v. Johnsongreen ariz · 1996 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 2 sentences 1997See also State v. Copeland, 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson, 186 Ariz. 329, 335 , 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State, 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update). 1997See also State v. Copeland, 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson, 186 Ariz. 329, 335 , 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State, 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update).	2	2
State v. Copelandgreen wash · 1996 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 2 sentences 1997See also State v. Copeland, 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson, 186 Ariz. 329, 335 , 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State, 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update). 1997See also State v. Copeland , 130 Wash. 2d 244, 261-68 , 922 P.2d 1304 , 1315-19 (1996) (finding the product rule generally accepted in the relevant scientific community); State v. Johnson , 186 Ariz. 329 , ___, 922 P.2d 294, 300 (1996) (discussing a prepublication version of the NRC Update); Brim v. State , 695 So. 2d 268, 273 (Fla. 1997) (noting that the NRC disavowed the interim ceiling principle in its 1996 update).	2	2
People v. Chandlergreen michctapp · 1995 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996See, e.g., People v. Chandler, 211 Mich.App. 604, 610-11 , 536 N.W.2d 799, 803 (1995); People v. Wilds, 40 Cal.App.4th 166 , 180-82, 37 Cal. Rptr.2d 351 , 359-60 (1995); Taylor, 889 P.2d at 336-37 ; Lindsey v. People, 892 P.2d 281, 293-94 (Colo.1995) (discussing in detail the findings of Lander and Budowle); People v. Soto, 39 Cal.App.4th 757 , 775-78, 35 Cal. Rptr.2d 846 , 857-59 (1994). 1996See, e.g., People v. Chandler, 211 Mich.App. 604, 610-11 , 536 N.W.2d 799, 803 (1995); People v. Wilds, 40 Cal.App.4th 166 , 180-82, 37 Cal. Rptr.2d 351 , 359-60 (1995); Taylor, 889 P.2d at 336-37 ; Lindsey v. People, 892 P.2d 281, 293-94 (Colo.1995) (discussing in detail the findings of Lander and Budowle); People v. Soto, 39 Cal.App.4th 757 , 775-78, 35 Cal. Rptr.2d 846 , 857-59 (1994).	2	2
People v. Richmondgreen illappct · 2017 · cited in 3 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2018–2022 2 sentences 2022In People v. Richmond, 2017 IL App (1st) 150642, ¶ 13 , the court described the “product rule,” which is used “to compute the likelihood that any person other than the defendant would have the same alleles as those found at the crime scene.” The court stated that the product rule has been accepted as a statistical method for estimating the frequency of a DNA match. 2019Richmond, 2017 IL App (1st) 150642, ¶¶ 21, 23 .	1	3
JACKSON EX REL. JACKSON v. Reidgreen illappct · 2010 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 2 sentences 2012Likewise, appellate counsel, though criticizing trial counsel for "fail[ing] to present evidence to the jury" as to what "experts have said," does not propose how such evidence would have cleared the general hearsay bar against admission of treatises and journals as substantive evidence ( Jackson v. Reid, 402 Ill.App.3d 215, 235-36 , 343 Ill.Dec. 750 , 935 N.E.2d 978 (2010)). 2012Likewise, appellate counsel, though criticizing trial counsel for "fail[ing] to present evidence to the jury" as to what "experts have said," does not propose how such evidence would have cleared the general hearsay bar against admission of treatises and journals as substantive evidence ( Jackson v. Reid, 402 Ill.App.3d 215, 235-36 , 343 Ill.Dec. 750 , 935 N.E.2d 978 (2010)).	1	2
Lindsey v. Peoplegreen colo · 1995 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996See, e.g., People v. Chandler, 211 Mich.App. 604, 610-11 , 536 N.W.2d 799, 803 (1995); People v. Wilds, 40 Cal.App.4th 166 , 180-82, 37 Cal. Rptr.2d 351 , 359-60 (1995); Taylor, 889 P.2d at 336-37 ; Lindsey v. People, 892 P.2d 281, 293-94 (Colo.1995) (discussing in detail the findings of Lander and Budowle); People v. Soto, 39 Cal.App.4th 757 , 775-78, 35 Cal. Rptr.2d 846 , 857-59 (1994). 1996FBI Study, at 2, cited in Lindsey, 892 P.2d at 294 .	1	2
KEY OUTDOOR, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Et Al., Defendants-Appelleesgreen illappct · 2001 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023 1 sentence 2023Key Outdoor, Inc. v. Department of Transportation, 322 Ill.	1	1
People v. Jacksongreen illappct · 2018 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022	1	1
People v. Crawfordgreen illappct · 2014 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022	1	1
People v. Vargasgreen illappct · 2011 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019	1	1
People v. Williamsgreen ill · 1991 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009	1	1
State v. Biblegreen ariz · 1993 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996	1	1
Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Department of Local Government Affairsgreen illappct · 1984 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

Case	Negative	Cited
People v. Scruggsyellow illappct · 1986 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988	1	1

Also cited on this issue (29)

Case	Cited	Years
People v. Williams green illappct · 2000 2 sentences 2011People v. Kliner, 185 Ill. 2d 81, 154 , 705 N.E.2d 850, 887 (1998); Williams, 313 Ill. 2011People v. Kliner, 185 Ill. 2d 81, 154 , 705 N.E.2d 850, 887 (1998); Williams, 313 Ill.	4	2009–2011
Williams v. Brown Manufacturing Co. green ill · 1970 2 sentences 1979The trial court construed the special interrogatory in the context of the proximate cause instruction derived from Illinois Pattern Instructions, Civil, No. 1501 (2d ed. 1971) and elected to give the special interrogatory. 1-3 It is well settled in this State that "misuse" of a product may bar recovery in an action for strict liability in tort. ( Williams v. Brown Manufacturing Co. (1970), 45 Ill.2d 418, 425 , 261 N.E.2d 305, 309 ; Lewis v. Stran Steel Corp. (1974), 57 Ill.2d 94, 102 , 311 N.E.2d 128, 133 ; Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. v. Williams Machine & Tool Co. (1975), 62 Ill.2d 77, 81 1979The trial court construed the special interrogatory in the context of the proximate cause instruction derived from Illinois Pattern Instructions, Civil, No. 1501 (2d ed. 1971) and elected to give the special interrogatory. 1-3 It is well settled in this State that "misuse" of a product may bar recovery in an action for strict liability in tort. ( Williams v. Brown Manufacturing Co. (1970), 45 Ill.2d 418, 425 , 261 N.E.2d 305, 309 ; Lewis v. Stran Steel Corp. (1974), 57 Ill.2d 94, 102 , 311 N.E.2d 128, 133 ; Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. v. Williams Machine & Tool Co. (1975), 62 Ill.2d 77, 81	3	1975–1979
People v. Arman green ill · 1989 2 sentences 2017Id. ¶ 38 The “no reasonable explanation” remark was made in the context of the evidence establishing that the product bar codes scanned by the cashier were not the proper bar codes for the BluRay players. 2017Id. ¶ 38 The “no reasonable explanation” remark was made in the context of the evidence establishing that the product bar codes scanned by the cashier were not the proper bar codes for the BluRay players.	2	2017–2017
State v. Wright green mont · 2011 2 sentences 2016Wright, 2011 MT 92, ¶ 22 , 360 Mont. 246 , 253 P.3d 838 . 2016Wright, 2011 MT 92, ¶ 22 , 360 Mont. 246 , 253 P.3d 838 .	2	2016–2016
People v. Dalcollo green illappct · 1996 2 sentences 2012However, Eric Lander, an early critic of the use of probability statistics, as well as a coauthor of the NRC Report, and Bruce Budowle, one of the principal architects of the FBI's DNA program, have observed that the use of this more conservative method does not create a corresponding reduction in random match probability calculations. [Citation.] The second development is the FBI's completion of an exhaustive worldwide population survey, a survey which was recommended by the NRC Report. [Citation.] The study rebutted the assumption that population subgrouping affected DNA probability estimate 2012However, Eric Lander, an early critic of the use of probability statistics, as well as a coauthor of the NRC Report, and Bruce Budowle, one of the principal architects of the FBI's DNA program, have observed that the use of this more conservative method does not create a corresponding reduction in random match probability calculations. [Citation.] The second development is the FBI's completion of an exhaustive worldwide population survey, a survey which was recommended by the NRC Report. [Citation.] The study rebutted the assumption that population subgrouping affected DNA probability estimate	2	2012–2012
Strickland v. Washington green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 2012Strickland cautions us that it is "all too tempting for a defendant to second-guess counsel's assistance after conviction or adverse sentence, and it is all too easy for a court, examining counsel's defense after it has proved unsuccessful, to conclude that a particular act or omission of counsel was unreasonable." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689 , 104 S.Ct. 2052 . ¶ 77 The majority also does not propose how trial counsel was to make use of the literature critical of the product rule. 2012Strickland cautions us that it is "all too tempting for a defendant to second-guess counsel's assistance after conviction or adverse sentence, and it is all too easy for a court, examining counsel's defense after it has proved unsuccessful, to conclude that a particular act or omission of counsel was unreasonable." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689 , 104 S.Ct. 2052 . ¶ 77 The majority also does not propose how trial counsel was to make use of the literature critical of the product rule.	2	2012–2012
People v. Rozo green illappct · 1999 2 sentences 2000Subsequently, in People v. Rozo , 303 Ill. 2000Subsequently, in People v. Rozo, 303 Ill.	2	2000–2000
People v. Miles green illappct · 1991 2 sentences 1996Miles, 217 Ill. 1993App. 3d at 405 , 577 N.E.2d at 485 .) Again it was up to defendant, through cross-examination of prosecution’s witnesses and presentation of his own witnesses, to persuade the jury there were concerns regarding the product rule and statistical probabilities.	2	1993–1996
Suvada v. White Motor Co. green ill · 1965 2 sentences 1980This doctrine, as expressed in section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts (1965), was adopted in this State by Suvada v. White Motor Co. (1965), 32 Ill. 2d 612 , 210 N.E.2d 182 , and pertinent to the issue here, provides that “[o]ne who sells any product in a defective condition unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer or to his property is subject to liability for physical harm thereby caused to the ultimate user or consumer, or to his property ” * The single issue raised by the parties as to count IV is whether the administration of the radiation treatment was the sale of a prod 1980This doctrine, as expressed in section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts (1965), was adopted in this State by Suvada v. White Motor Co. (1965), 32 Ill. 2d 612 , 210 N.E.2d 182 , and pertinent to the issue here, provides that “[o]ne who sells any product in a defective condition unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer or to his property is subject to liability for physical harm thereby caused to the ultimate user or consumer, or to his property ” * The single issue raised by the parties as to count IV is whether the administration of the radiation treatment was the sale of a prod	2	1967–1980
Chicago Title & Trust Co. v. Anderson green illappct · 1988	1	2020–2020
People v. Redd green ill · 1996	1	2012–2012
People v. Watson green illappct · 1994	1	1996–1996
Taylor v. State green oklacrimapp · 1995	1	1996–1996
People v. Barney green calctapp · 1992	1	1994–1994
Frye v. United States red cadc · 1923	1	1991–1991
Rios v. Niagara MacHine & Tool Works green ill · 1974	1	1989–1989
King v. American Food Equipment Co. green illappct · 1987	1	1989–1989
Moran v. Burbine green scotus · 1986	1	1988–1988
Brewer v. Williams green scotus · 1977	1	1988–1988
Michigan v. Jackson red scotus · 1986	1	1988–1988
Mapp v. Ohio green scotus · 1961	1	1987–1987
Cunningham v. MacNeal Memorial Hospital green ill · 1970	1	1984–1984
People v. Bush green illappct · 1981	1	1984–1984
Wallinger v. Martin Stamping & Stove Co. green illappct · 1968	1	1980–1980
Lewis v. Stran Steel Corp. green ill · 1974	1	1979–1979
Liberty Mutual Insurance v. Williams MacHine & Tool Co. green ill · 1975	1	1979–1979
Gallee v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. green illappct · 1978	1	1979–1979
Skinner v. Reed-Prentice Division Package MacHinery Co. green ill · 1978	1	1979–1979
Lowrie v. City of Evanston green illappct · 1977	1	1977–1977

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 725 ILCS 5/116-5 (5) IL § 730 ILCS 5/5-4-3 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 54 (1964–2025) IL 48 (1967–2023) NJ 42 (1977–2025) PA 39 (1974–2025) NY 34 (1965–2018) WA 20 (1969–2024) AZ 18 (1972–2020) TX 17 (1967–2023) MD 17 (1984–2017) FL 16 (1981–2015) OH 13 (1981–2026) IN 13 (1908–2017) OR 11 (1996–2023) TN 10 (1973–2022) GA 9 (1977–2026) MA 9 (1977–2020) MI 9 (1983–2025) AL 8 (1991–2012) MO 8 (1996–2011) OK 8 (1979–2018) CT 7 (1989–2003) MS 7 (1983–1999) KS 6 (1968–2026) NE 6 (1954–2002) DC 5 (1992–2013) CO 5 (1995–2026) NM 4 (1994–1996) MN 4 (1985–2008) VA 4 (1981–2009) SD 4 (1980–1997) ME 4 (1997–2000) KY 3 (1986–2023) LA 3 (1966–2018) WY 3 (1970–2000) RI 2 (1997–2005) SC 2 (1995–2015) WV 2 (1986–2007) NC 2 (1987–1997) IA 2 (1999–2018) AK 2 (1977–1995) NH 2 (1992–2003)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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