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6 Michigan opinions name it 1 courts 2016–2026 5 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Rodriguez v. United Statesgreen2 sentences2026However, a seizure justified only by a police-observed traffic violation “becomes unlawful if it is prolonged beyond the time reasonably required to complete the mission of issuing a ticket for the violation.” Rodriguez v US, 575 US 348, 350 ; 135 S CT 1609; 191 L Ed 2d 492 (2015) (emphasis added) (brackets, quotation marks, and citation omitted). 2026However, a seizure justified only by a police-observed traffic violation “becomes unlawful if it is prolonged beyond the time reasonably required to complete the mission of issuing a ticket for the violation.” Rodriguez v US, 575 US 348, 350 ; 135 S CT 1609; 191 L Ed 2d 492 (2015) (emphasis added) (brackets, quotation marks, and citation omitted). | 2 | 6 |
People of Michigan v. Kevin Patrick Kavanaughgreen1 sentence2026“Once the constitutionally sound basis for [a] traffic stop has been addressed, any further extension of the detention in order to conduct on-scene investigation into other crimes . . . is a Fourth Amendment violation unless new facts come to light during the traffic stop that give rise to reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.” Kavanaugh, 320 Mich App at 301 (brackets, quotation marks, and citation omitted); People v Williams, 472 Mich 308, 315 ; 696 NW2d 636 (2005). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Illinois v. Caballes
green
2 sentences2026“A seizure justified only by a police-observed traffic violation, therefore, ‘become[s] unlawful if it is prolonged beyond the time reasonably required to complete th[e] mission’ of issuing a ticket for the violation.” Id. at 350- -3- 351 (alteration in original), quoting Illinois v Caballes, 543 US 405, 407 ; 125 S Ct 834 ; 160 L Ed 2d 842 (2005). 2026“A seizure justified only by a police-observed traffic violation, therefore, ‘become[s] unlawful if it is prolonged beyond the time reasonably required to complete th[e] mission’ of issuing a ticket for the violation.” Id. at 350- -3- 351 (alteration in original), quoting Illinois v Caballes, 543 US 405, 407 ; 125 S Ct 834 ; 160 L Ed 2d 842 (2005). | 1 | 2026–2026 |
People v. Williams
green
2 sentences2026“Once the constitutionally sound basis for [a] traffic stop has been addressed, any further extension of the detention in order to conduct on-scene investigation into other crimes . . . is a Fourth Amendment violation unless new facts come to light during the traffic stop that give rise to reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.” Kavanaugh, 320 Mich App at 301 (brackets, quotation marks, and citation omitted); People v Williams, 472 Mich 308, 315 ; 696 NW2d 636 (2005). 2026“Once the constitutionally sound basis for [a] traffic stop has been addressed, any further extension of the detention in order to conduct on-scene investigation into other crimes . . . is a Fourth Amendment violation unless new facts come to light during the traffic stop that give rise to reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.” Kavanaugh, 320 Mich App at 301 (brackets, quotation marks, and citation omitted); People v Williams, 472 Mich 308, 315 ; 696 NW2d 636 (2005). | 1 | 2026–2026 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.