deny claim (Connecticut) · Go Syfert
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deny claim in Connecticut

46 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1985–2025 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (4)

CaseFollowedCited
Marcil v. Marcilgreen
connappct · 1985 · cited in 23 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1987–2010
2 sentences

2010See Marcil v. Marcil, 4 Conn. App. 403, 405, 494 A.2d 620 (1985). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006).

2010See Marcil v. Marcil, 4 Conn. App. 403, 405, 494 A.2d 620 (1985). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006).

223
Dowd v. Dowdgreen
conn · 2006 · cited in 4 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2009–2012
2 sentences

2012Noncompliance alone will not support a judgment of contempt. . . . [T]he credibility of witnesses, the findings of fact and the drawing of inferences are all within the province of the trier of fact.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Gil v. Gil, 94 Conn. App. 306, 311 , 892 A.2d 318 (2006). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006

2012Noncompliance alone will not support a judgment of contempt. . . . [T]he credibility of witnesses, the findings of fact and the drawing of inferences are all within the province of the trier of fact.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Gil v. Gil, 94 Conn. App. 306, 311 , 892 A.2d 318 (2006). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006

24
Dowd v. Dowdgreen
connappct · 2006 · cited in 4 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2009–2012
2 sentences

2012Noncompliance alone will not support a judgment of contempt. . . . [T]he credibility of witnesses, the findings of fact and the drawing of inferences are all within the province of the trier of fact.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Gil v. Gil, 94 Conn. App. 306, 311 , 892 A.2d 318 (2006). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006

2012Noncompliance alone will not support a judgment of contempt. . . . [T]he credibility of witnesses, the findings of fact and the drawing of inferences are all within the province of the trier of fact.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Gil v. Gil, 94 Conn. App. 306, 311 , 892 A.2d 318 (2006). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006

24
Bunche v. Bunchegreen
connappct · 1994 · cited in 4 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1996–2009
2 sentences

2009It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure.” (Citations omitted.) Bunche v. Bunche, 36 Conn. App. 322, 325-36 , 650 A.2d 917 (1994).

2009It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure.” (Citations omitted.) Bunche v. Bunche, 36 Conn. App. 322, 325-36 , 650 A.2d 917 (1994).

14

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Connecticut. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (28)

CaseCitedYears
Eldridge v. Eldridge green
conn · 1998
2 sentences

2024It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Eldridge v. Eldridge, 244 Conn. 523, 529 , 710 A.2d 757 (1998).

2024It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Eldridge v. Eldridge, 244 Conn. 523, 529 , 710 A.2d 757 (1998).

71999–2024
Sablosky v. Sablosky green
conn · 2001
2 sentences

2006Whether it will preclude such a finding is ultimately within the trial court’s discretion. [Also, it] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Sablosky v. Sablosky, 258 Conn. 713, 718 , 784 A.2d 890 (2001).

2006Whether it will preclude such a finding is ultimately within the trial court’s discretion. [Also, it] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Sablosky v. Sablosky, 258 Conn. 713, 718 , 784 A.2d 890 (2001).

42004–2011
Afkari-Ahmadi v. Fotovat-Ahmadi green
conn · 2009
2 sentences

2014It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Ahmadi v. Ahmadi, 294 Conn. 384, 398 , 985 A.2d 319 (2009).

2014It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Ahmadi v. Ahmadi, 294 Conn. 384, 398 , 985 A.2d 319 (2009).

22014–2017
Scalora v. Scalora green
connappct · 2019
2 sentences

2025It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual 0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 9 0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 11 Mathews v. Mathews basis to explain the failure.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Scalora v. Scalora, 189 Conn. App. 703, 727 , 209 A.3d 1 (2019).

2025It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual 0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 9 0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 11 Mathews v. Mathews basis to explain the failure.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Scalora v. Scalora, 189 Conn. App. 703, 727 , 209 A.3d 1 (2019).

12025–2025
Bauer v. Bauer green
connappct · 2017
2 sentences

2020The fact that an order has not been com- plied with fully does not dictate that a finding of con- tempt must enter. . . . [It] is within the sound discre- tion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Bauer v. Bauer, 173 Conn. App. 595, 600 , 164 A.3d 796 (2017). ‘‘Guided by the principles that limit our review, our analysis of a judgment of contempt consists of two levels of inquiry.

2020The fact that an order has not been com- plied with fully does not dictate that a finding of con- tempt must enter. . . . [It] is within the sound discre- tion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Bauer v. Bauer, 173 Conn. App. 595, 600 , 164 A.3d 796 (2017). ‘‘Guided by the principles that limit our review, our analysis of a judgment of contempt consists of two levels of inquiry.

12020–2020
Spencer v. Spencer green
connappct · 2017
1 sentence

2019As discussed previously in this opinion, however, "[n]oncompliance alone will not support a judgment of contempt.... [It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's order ." (Emphasis added; internal quotation marks omitted.) Spencer v. Spencer , supra, 177 Conn. App. 542 , 173 A.3d 1 (2017).

12019–2019
Bolat v. Bolat green
connappct · 2018
2 sentences

2019It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Bolat v. Bolat , 182 Conn. App. 468 , 479-80, 190 A.3d 96 (2018).

2019It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Bolat v. Bolat , 182 Conn. App. 468 , 479-80, 190 A.3d 96 (2018).

12019–2019
Mekrut v. Suits green
connappct · 2014
2 sentences

2018It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure." (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Mekrut v. Suits , 147 Conn. App. 794 , 799-800, 84 A.3d 466 (2014).

2018It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure." (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Mekrut v. Suits , 147 Conn. App. 794 , 799-800, 84 A.3d 466 (2014).

12018–2018
McCown v. Commissioner of Correction green
conn · 2009
1 sentence

2017The fact that an order has not been complied with fully does not dictate that a finding of contempt must enter.... [It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's order." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Auerbach v. Auerbach , 113 Conn.App. 318 , 326, 966 A.2d 292 , cert. denied, 292 Conn. 902 , 971 A.2d 40 (2009).

12017–2017
Auerbach v. Auerbach green
conn · 2009
1 sentence

2017The fact that an order has not been complied with fully does not dictate that a finding of contempt must enter.... [It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's order." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Auerbach v. Auerbach , 113 Conn.App. 318 , 326, 966 A.2d 292 , cert. denied, 292 Conn. 902 , 971 A.2d 40 (2009).

12017–2017
Auerbach v. Auerbach green
connappct · 2009
2 sentences

2017The fact that an order has not been complied with fully does not dictate that a finding of contempt must enter.... [It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's order." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Auerbach v. Auerbach , 113 Conn.App. 318 , 326, 966 A.2d 292 , cert. denied, 292 Conn. 902 , 971 A.2d 40 (2009).

2017The fact that an order has not been complied with fully does not dictate that a finding of contempt must enter.... [It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's order." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Auerbach v. Auerbach , 113 Conn.App. 318 , 326, 966 A.2d 292 , cert. denied, 292 Conn. 902 , 971 A.2d 40 (2009).

12017–2017
Brody v. Brody neutral
connappct · 2013
2 sentences

2014It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure.” [Internal quotation marks omitted.]); Brody v. Brody, 145 Conn. App. 654, 662 , 77 A.3d 156 (2013).

2014It is [then] within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim of contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure.” [Internal quotation marks omitted.]); Brody v. Brody, 145 Conn. App. 654, 662 , 77 A.3d 156 (2013).

12014–2014
Hibbard v. Hibbard green
connappct · 2012
2 sentences

2013It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Hibbard v. Hibbard, 139 Conn. App. 10, 16-17 , 55 A.3d 301 (2012).

2013It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Hibbard v. Hibbard, 139 Conn. App. 10, 16-17 , 55 A.3d 301 (2012).

12013–2013
Javit v. Marshall's, Inc. green
conn · 1996
1 sentence

2012It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Meehan v. Meehan, 40 Conn. App. 107, 110 , 669 A.2d 616 , cert. denied, 236 Conn. 915 , 673 A.2d 1142 (1996).

12012–2012
Searles v. Board of Education of West Hartford green
conn · 1996
1 sentence

2012It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Meehan v. Meehan, 40 Conn. App. 107, 110 , 669 A.2d 616 , cert. denied, 236 Conn. 915 , 673 A.2d 1142 (1996).

12012–2012
Meehan v. Meehan green
connappct · 1996
2 sentences

2012It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Meehan v. Meehan, 40 Conn. App. 107, 110 , 669 A.2d 616 , cert. denied, 236 Conn. 915 , 673 A.2d 1142 (1996).

2012It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Meehan v. Meehan, 40 Conn. App. 107, 110 , 669 A.2d 616 , cert. denied, 236 Conn. 915 , 673 A.2d 1142 (1996).

12012–2012
Gil v. Gil green
connappct · 2006
2 sentences

2012Noncompliance alone will not support a judgment of contempt. . . . [T]he credibility of witnesses, the findings of fact and the drawing of inferences are all within the province of the trier of fact.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Gil v. Gil, 94 Conn. App. 306, 311 , 892 A.2d 318 (2006). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006

2012Noncompliance alone will not support a judgment of contempt. . . . [T]he credibility of witnesses, the findings of fact and the drawing of inferences are all within the province of the trier of fact.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Gil v. Gil, 94 Conn. App. 306, 311 , 892 A.2d 318 (2006). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006

12012–2012
Sablosky v. Sablosky green
connappct · 2002
2 sentences

2011Whether it will preclude such a finding is ultimately within the trial court’s discretion. [Also, it] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Sablosky v. Sablosky, 72 Conn. App. 408, 423-24 , 805 A.2d 745 (2002).

2011Whether it will preclude such a finding is ultimately within the trial court’s discretion. [Also, it] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Sablosky v. Sablosky, 72 Conn. App. 408, 423-24 , 805 A.2d 745 (2002).

12011–2011
Gina M. G. v. William C. neutral
connappct · 2003
2 sentences

2010G. v. William C., 77 Conn. App. 582, 590 , 823 A.2d 1274 (2003). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006).

2010G. v. William C., 77 Conn. App. 582, 590 , 823 A.2d 1274 (2003). “[It] is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Dowd v. Dowd, 96 Conn. App. 75, 82 , 899 A.2d 76 , cert. denied, 280 Conn. 907 , 907 A.2d 89 (2006).

12010–2010
Niles v. Niles green
connappct · 1986
2 sentences

2006It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Niles v. Niles, 9 Conn. App. 240, 253-54 , 518 A.2d 932 (1986).

2006It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Niles v. Niles, 9 Conn. App. 240, 253-54 , 518 A.2d 932 (1986).

12006–2006
Mays v. Mays green
conn · 1984
2 sentences

2001To effectuate the purpose of civil contempt, the contemnor should be able to obtain release from the sanction imposed by the court by compliance with the judicial decree." Connolly v. Connolly, 191 Conn. 468 , 482 , 464 A.2d 837 (1983) "[I]n civil contempt proceedings, the contemnor must be in a position to purge himself Otherwise the sanction imposed would cease to be remedial and coercive but would become wholly punitive in actual operation." Mays v. Mays, 193 Conn. 261 , 266 , 476 A.2d 562 (1984).

2001To effectuate the purpose of civil contempt, the contemnor should be able to obtain release from the sanction imposed by the court by compliance with the judicial decree." Connolly v. Connolly, 191 Conn. 468 , 482 , 464 A.2d 837 (1983) "[I]n civil contempt proceedings, the contemnor must be in a position to purge himself Otherwise the sanction imposed would cease to be remedial and coercive but would become wholly punitive in actual operation." Mays v. Mays, 193 Conn. 261 , 266 , 476 A.2d 562 (1984).

12001–2001
In re Daniel C. green
connappct · 2001
2 sentences

2001It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's Order." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Daniel C., 63 Conn. App. 339 , 369 , 776 A.2d 487 (2001).

2001It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's Order." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Daniel C., 63 Conn. App. 339 , 369 , 776 A.2d 487 (2001).

12001–2001
Turgeon v. Turgeon green
conn · 1983
2 sentences

2001It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's order." "The inability of the defendant to obey an order of the court, without fault on his part, is a good defense to a charge of contempt." Turgeon v. Turgeon , 190 Conn. 269 , 283 , 460 A.2d 1260 (1983).

2001It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court's order." "The inability of the defendant to obey an order of the court, without fault on his part, is a good defense to a charge of contempt." Turgeon v. Turgeon , 190 Conn. 269 , 283 , 460 A.2d 1260 (1983).

12001–2001
Connolly v. Connolly green
conn · 1983
2 sentences

2001To effectuate the purpose of civil contempt, the contemnor should be able to obtain release from the sanction imposed by the court by compliance with the judicial decree." Connolly v. Connolly, 191 Conn. 468 , 482 , 464 A.2d 837 (1983) "[I]n civil contempt proceedings, the contemnor must be in a position to purge himself Otherwise the sanction imposed would cease to be remedial and coercive but would become wholly punitive in actual operation." Mays v. Mays, 193 Conn. 261 , 266 , 476 A.2d 562 (1984).

2001To effectuate the purpose of civil contempt, the contemnor should be able to obtain release from the sanction imposed by the court by compliance with the judicial decree." Connolly v. Connolly, 191 Conn. 468 , 482 , 464 A.2d 837 (1983) "[I]n civil contempt proceedings, the contemnor must be in a position to purge himself Otherwise the sanction imposed would cease to be remedial and coercive but would become wholly punitive in actual operation." Mays v. Mays, 193 Conn. 261 , 266 , 476 A.2d 562 (1984).

12001–2001
Pasquariello v. Pasquariello green
conn · 1975
2 sentences

1987The power of a domestic relations court to act equitably “is the keystone to the court’s ability to fashion relief in the infinite variety of circumstances which arise out of the dissolution of a marriage.” Pasquariello v. Pasquariello, 168 Conn. 579, 585 , 362 A.2d 835 (1975).

1987The power of a domestic relations court to act equitably “is the keystone to the court’s ability to fashion relief in the infinite variety of circumstances which arise out of the dissolution of a marriage.” Pasquariello v. Pasquariello, 168 Conn. 579, 585 , 362 A.2d 835 (1975).

11987–1987
Hartford Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Tucker green
conn · 1984
11985–1985
Papa v. New Haven Federation of Teachers green
conn · 1982
11985–1985
State v. Jackson green
conn · 1960
2 sentences

1985It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order. “[I]n an appeal from a judgment of civil contempt, ‘our review is technically limited to “questions of jurisdiction, such as whether the court had authority to impose the judgment inflicted and whether the act or acts for which the penalty was imposed could constitute a contempt.” ’ Papa v. New Haven Federation of Teachers, 186 Conn. 725, 731 , 444 A.2d 196 (1982), quoting State v. Jackson, 147 Conn. 167, 170 , 158 A.2d 166 (1960

1985It is within the sound discretion of the court to deny a claim for contempt when there is an adequate factual basis to explain the failure to honor the court’s order. “[I]n an appeal from a judgment of civil contempt, ‘our review is technically limited to “questions of jurisdiction, such as whether the court had authority to impose the judgment inflicted and whether the act or acts for which the penalty was imposed could constitute a contempt.” ’ Papa v. New Haven Federation of Teachers, 186 Conn. 725, 731 , 444 A.2d 196 (1982), quoting State v. Jackson, 147 Conn. 167, 170 , 158 A.2d 166 (1960

11985–1985

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-86 (8) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-82 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-87 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-81 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CT 46 (1985–2025) MS 14 (1986–2005) NY 12 (1925–2021) OH 6 (1978–2024) NH 5 (1994–2023) FL 5 (1953–2016) AL 5 (1839–1984) SC 4 (2019–2021) CA 4 (1966–2022) MO 3 (1970–1984) PA 3 (1976–2025) VA 3 (1990–1993) IL 2 (1979–1994) DE 2 (1963–2021) MD 2 (2009–2010)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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