unsubstantiated claim (New York) · Go Syfert
← New York issues

unsubstantiated claim in New York

45 New York opinions name it 3 courts 1976–2022 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (27)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Maxwellgreen
nyappdiv · 2011 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014The defendant’s contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is based, in part, on matter appearing on record and, in part, on matter outside the record and, thus, constitutes a “mixed claim[ ]” of ineffective assistance (see People v Maxwell, 89 AD3d 1108, 1109 [2011], quoting People v Evans, 16 NY3d 571, 575 n 2 [2011], cert denied 565 US —, 132 S Ct 325 [2011]).

2014The defendant’s contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is based, in part, on matter appearing on record and, in part, on matter outside the record and, thus, constitutes a “mixed claim[ ]” of ineffective assistance (see People v Maxwell, 89 AD3d 1108, 1109 [2011], quoting People v Evans, 16 NY3d 571, 575 n 2 [2011], cert denied 565 US —, 132 S Ct 325 [2011]).

22
People v. Smithgreen
ny · 1993 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013“Adjournments consented to by the defense must be clearly expressed to relieve the People of the responsibility for that portion of the delay” (People v Smith, 82 NY2d 676, 678 [1993]; see People v Battaglia, 187 AD2d 808, 810 [1992]).

2013“Adjournments consented to by the defense must be clearly expressed to relieve the People of the responsibility for that portion of the delay” (People v Smith, 82 NY2d 676, 678 [1993]; see People v Battaglia, 187 AD2d 808, 810 [1992]).

22
People v. Battagliagreen
nyappdiv · 1992 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013“Adjournments consented to by the defense must be clearly expressed to relieve the People of the responsibility for that portion of the delay” (People v Smith, 82 NY2d 676, 678 [1993]; see People v Battaglia, 187 AD2d 808, 810 [1992]).

2013“Adjournments consented to by the defense must be clearly expressed to relieve the People of the responsibility for that portion of the delay” (People v Smith, 82 NY2d 676, 678 [1993]; see People v Battaglia, 187 AD2d 808, 810 [1992]).

22
Belak-Redl v. Bollengiergreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012Moreover, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate the existence of a potentially meritorious cause of action (see Orphan v Pilnik, 15 NY3d 907, 908 [2010]; Belak-Redl v Bollengier, 74 AD3d 1110, 1111 [2010]; Behar v Coren, 21 AD3d 1045, 1047 [2005]).

2012Moreover, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate the existence of a potentially meritorious cause of action (see Orphan v Pilnik, 15 NY3d 907, 908 [2010]; Belak-Redl v Bollengier, 74 AD3d 1110, 1111 [2010]; Behar v Coren, 21 AD3d 1045, 1047 [2005]).

22
Williams v. Pratt Institutegreen
nyappdiv · 1995 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

22
Behar v. Corengreen
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012Moreover, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate the existence of a potentially meritorious cause of action (see Orphan v Pilnik, 15 NY3d 907, 908 [2010]; Belak-Redl v Bollengier, 74 AD3d 1110, 1111 [2010]; Behar v Coren, 21 AD3d 1045, 1047 [2005]).

2012Moreover, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate the existence of a potentially meritorious cause of action (see Orphan v Pilnik, 15 NY3d 907, 908 [2010]; Belak-Redl v Bollengier, 74 AD3d 1110, 1111 [2010]; Behar v Coren, 21 AD3d 1045, 1047 [2005]).

22
Bowman v. Kusnickgreen
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

22
Orphan v. Pilnikgreen
ny · 2010 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012Moreover, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate the existence of a potentially meritorious cause of action (see Orphan v Pilnik, 15 NY3d 907, 908 [2010]; Belak-Redl v Bollengier, 74 AD3d 1110, 1111 [2010]; Behar v Coren, 21 AD3d 1045, 1047 [2005]).

2012Moreover, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate the existence of a potentially meritorious cause of action (see Orphan v Pilnik, 15 NY3d 907, 908 [2010]; Belak-Redl v Bollengier, 74 AD3d 1110, 1111 [2010]; Behar v Coren, 21 AD3d 1045, 1047 [2005]).

22
People v. Davisgreen
nyappdiv · 1998 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2000–2001
2 sentences

2001In any event, inasmuch as “there was sufficient factual basis for defendant’s plea and that plea was knowingly and voluntarily entered, a subsequent unsubstantiated claim of innocence is insufficient to warrant a vacatur of the plea” (People v Chappie, 269 AD2d 621, 622 , lv denied 94 NY2d 917 ; see, People v Davis, 250 AD2d 939, 940 ; People v Smith, supra).

2000As there was sufficient factual basis for defendant’s plea and that plea was knowingly and voluntarily entered, a subsequent unsubstantiated claim of innocence is insufficient to warrant a vacatur of the plea (see, People v Davis, 250 AD2d 939, 940 ).

12
John A. v. Bridget M.green
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Accordingly, we decline to disturb the Family Court's award of physical custody to the father. "[G]iven the frequency with which accusations of sexual abuse crop up in the custody context, it is appropriate to consider the circumstances surrounding such an unsubstantiated claim, and to focus on what should follow" ( John A. v Bridget M. , 16 AD3d at 338-339 [Saxe, J. concurring]).

11
Leonard F. v. Jolanta J.green
nyappdiv · 1990 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Rockland Bakery, Inc. v. B.M. Baking Co.green
nyappdiv · 2011 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
People v. McGuiregreen
nyappdiv · 2014 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Uddaraju v. City of New Yorkgreen
nyappdiv · 2003 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Smith v. Baldwin Union Free School Districtgreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Hill v. New York City Transit Authoritygreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Taddeo-Amendola v. 970 Assets, LLCgreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
People v. Hughesgreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
People v. Felicianogreen
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
People v. Turnergreen
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Perini Corp. v. WDF, Inc.green
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
People v. Sanchezgreen
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
People v. Sherrodgreen
nyappdiv · 2003 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Wigginsgreen
ny · 1996 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Venablegreen
nyappdiv · 2004 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Piccinich v. New York Stock Exchange, Inc.green
nyappdiv · 1999 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
Munnerlyn v. City of New Yorkgreen
nyappdiv · 1994 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (53)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Torres green
nyappdiv · 2009
2 sentences

2015The defendant’s unsubstantiated claim that his plea was involuntary was refuted by his statements during the plea allocution (see People v Wiedmer, 71 AD3d 1067 [2010]; People v Torres, 68 AD3d 1142 [2009]).

2014The defendant’s unsubstantiated claim that his plea was involuntary was refuted hy his statements during the plea allocution (see id.; People v Torres, 68 AD3d 1142 [2009]).

32014–2015
Grasso v. Nassau County green
nyappdiv · 2013
2 sentences

2022Moreover, the petitioners' unsubstantiated claim of law office failure does not constitute a reasonable excuse for the failure to serve a timely notice of claim and the delay in commencing this proceeding ( see Matter of Lugo v GNP Brokerage , 185 AD3d 824, 826 ; Matter of Naar v City of New York , 161 AD3d 1081 , 1083; Grasso v Nassau County , 109 AD3d 579, 580 ).

2020Furthermore, the petitioner's unsubstantiated claim of law office failure by her former attorney does not constitute a reasonable excuse for the failure to serve a timely notice of claim and the delay in commencing this proceeding ( see Matter of Naar v City of New York , 161 AD3d 1081 , 1083; Grasso v Nassau County , 109 AD3d 579, 580 ; Matter of Gunsam v Eastern Suffolk Bd. of Coop.

22020–2022
LaSalle Bank, N.A. v. LoRusso green
nyappdiv · 2017
2 sentences

2020Trust Co. v Mladen , 176 AD3d 1170 , 1171; Nationstar Mtge., LLC v Ramnarine , 172 AD3d 886 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 707 ; Ateres Hasofrim, Inc. v Kralik , 78 AD3d 1091, 1091-1092 ; Fishman v Beach , 246 AD2d 779, 780 ; Woodward v Eighmie Moving & Stor. , 151 AD2d 892, 894 ).

2019Mellon v Ruci , 168 AD3d 799 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 706 ; U.S. Bank N.A. v Barr , 139 AD3d 937, 938 ; M & T Bank v Morris , 138 AD3d 939 ).

22019–2020
People v. Wiedmer green
nyappdiv · 2010
2 sentences

2017Here, the defendant’s unsubstantiated claim that his plea was coerced was refuted by his own statement at the time he pleaded guilty (see People v Wiedmer, 71 AD3d 1067 [2010]).

2015The defendant’s unsubstantiated claim that his plea was involuntary was refuted by his statements during the plea allocution (see People v Wiedmer, 71 AD3d 1067 [2010]; People v Torres, 68 AD3d 1142 [2009]).

22015–2017
In re Carlos G. neutral
nyappdiv · 2012
2 sentences

2014Nor does he offer a basis for such a revocation (see generally Matter of Carlos G. [Bernadette M.], 96 AD3d 632 [1st Dept 2012]).

2014Nor does he offer a basis for such a revocation (see generally Matter of Carlos G. [Bernadette M.], 96 AD3d 632 [1st Dept 2012]).

22014–2014
Evans v. New York green
scotus · 2011
2 sentences

2014The defendant’s contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is based, in part, on matter appearing on record and, in part, on matter outside the record and, thus, constitutes a “mixed claim[ ]” of ineffective assistance (see People v Maxwell, 89 AD3d 1108, 1109 [2011], quoting People v Evans, 16 NY3d 571, 575 n 2 [2011], cert denied 565 US —, 132 S Ct 325 [2011]).

2014The defendant’s contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is based, in part, on matter appearing on record and, in part, on matter outside the record and, thus, constitutes a “mixed claim[ ]” of ineffective assistance (see People v Maxwell, 89 AD3d 1108, 1109 [2011], quoting People v Evans, 16 NY3d 571, 575 n 2 [2011], cert denied 565 US —, 132 S Ct 325 [2011]).

22014–2014
People v. Evans green
ny · 2011
2 sentences

2014The defendant’s contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is based, in part, on matter appearing on record and, in part, on matter outside the record and, thus, constitutes a “mixed claim[ ]” of ineffective assistance (see People v Maxwell, 89 AD3d 1108, 1109 [2011], quoting People v Evans, 16 NY3d 571, 575 n 2 [2011], cert denied 565 US —, 132 S Ct 325 [2011]).

2014The defendant’s contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is based, in part, on matter appearing on record and, in part, on matter outside the record and, thus, constitutes a “mixed claim[ ]” of ineffective assistance (see People v Maxwell, 89 AD3d 1108, 1109 [2011], quoting People v Evans, 16 NY3d 571, 575 n 2 [2011], cert denied 565 US —, 132 S Ct 325 [2011]).

22014–2014
ELRAC, Inc. v. Nashon Holder green
nyappdiv · 2006
2 sentences

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

22012–2012
Keybank, USA, NA v. Government Employees Insurance neutral
nyappdiv · 2007
2 sentences

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

2012The undetailed and uncorroborated claim of law office failure set forth by the plaintiffs attorney, and the unsubstantiated claim that he left the country to assist his injured sister, did not amount to a justifiable excuse for the failure to comply with the certification order (see Lugauer v Forest City Ratner Co., 44 AD3d at 830 ; Matter of ELRAC, Inc. v Holder, 31 AD3d at 636-637 ) or for the delay of more than six months in moving to vacate the default judgment (see Bowman v Kusnick, 35 AD3d 643, 644 [2006]; Williams v Pratt Inst., 212 AD2d 692, 692 [1995]).

22012–2012
Matter of Lugo v. GNP Brokerage green
nyappdiv · 2020
1 sentence

2022Moreover, the petitioners' unsubstantiated claim of law office failure does not constitute a reasonable excuse for the failure to serve a timely notice of claim and the delay in commencing this proceeding ( see Matter of Lugo v GNP Brokerage , 185 AD3d 824, 826 ; Matter of Naar v City of New York , 161 AD3d 1081 , 1083; Grasso v Nassau County , 109 AD3d 579, 580 ).

12022–2022
Wilmington Sav. Fund Socy., FSB v. Rodriguez green
nyappdiv · 2021
1 sentence

2021Fund Socy., FSB v Rodriguez , 197 AD3d 784 ).

12021–2021
Marino v. Marino green
nyappdiv · 2020
1 sentence

2021Thus, the plaintiff's unsubstantiated claim that she should be credited for lost equity based on a home value of $850,000 is without merit ( see Costa v Costa , 46 AD3d 495, 496 ; cf. Marino v Marino , 183 AD3d 813, 820 ).

12021–2021
Costa v. Costa green
nyappdiv · 2007
1 sentence

2021Thus, the plaintiff's unsubstantiated claim that she should be credited for lost equity based on a home value of $850,000 is without merit ( see Costa v Costa , 46 AD3d 495, 496 ; cf. Marino v Marino , 183 AD3d 813, 820 ).

12021–2021
Ateres Hasofrim, Inc. v. Kralik green
nyappdiv · 2010
1 sentence

2020Trust Co. v Mladen , 176 AD3d 1170 , 1171; Nationstar Mtge., LLC v Ramnarine , 172 AD3d 886 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 707 ; Ateres Hasofrim, Inc. v Kralik , 78 AD3d 1091, 1091-1092 ; Fishman v Beach , 246 AD2d 779, 780 ; Woodward v Eighmie Moving & Stor. , 151 AD2d 892, 894 ).

12020–2020
Nationstar Mtge., LLC v. Ramnarine green
nyappdiv · 2019
1 sentence

2020Trust Co. v Mladen , 176 AD3d 1170 , 1171; Nationstar Mtge., LLC v Ramnarine , 172 AD3d 886 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 707 ; Ateres Hasofrim, Inc. v Kralik , 78 AD3d 1091, 1091-1092 ; Fishman v Beach , 246 AD2d 779, 780 ; Woodward v Eighmie Moving & Stor. , 151 AD2d 892, 894 ).

12020–2020
Fishman v. Beach green
nyappdiv · 1998
1 sentence

2020Trust Co. v Mladen , 176 AD3d 1170 , 1171; Nationstar Mtge., LLC v Ramnarine , 172 AD3d 886 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 707 ; Ateres Hasofrim, Inc. v Kralik , 78 AD3d 1091, 1091-1092 ; Fishman v Beach , 246 AD2d 779, 780 ; Woodward v Eighmie Moving & Stor. , 151 AD2d 892, 894 ).

12020–2020
Woodward v. Eighmie Moving & Storage, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 1989
1 sentence

2020Trust Co. v Mladen , 176 AD3d 1170 , 1171; Nationstar Mtge., LLC v Ramnarine , 172 AD3d 886 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 707 ; Ateres Hasofrim, Inc. v Kralik , 78 AD3d 1091, 1091-1092 ; Fishman v Beach , 246 AD2d 779, 780 ; Woodward v Eighmie Moving & Stor. , 151 AD2d 892, 894 ).

12020–2020
Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Mladen neutral
nyappdiv · 2019
1 sentence

2020Trust Co. v Mladen , 176 AD3d 1170 , 1171; Nationstar Mtge., LLC v Ramnarine , 172 AD3d 886 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 707 ; Ateres Hasofrim, Inc. v Kralik , 78 AD3d 1091, 1091-1092 ; Fishman v Beach , 246 AD2d 779, 780 ; Woodward v Eighmie Moving & Stor. , 151 AD2d 892, 894 ).

12020–2020
One West Bank, FSB v. Valdez green
nyappdiv · 2015
1 sentence

2019Bank, FSB v Valdez , 128 AD3d 655, 655 ), especially since the summons that was served upon the defendant contained the specific language mandated by RPAPL 1320 that he "MUST RESPOND BY SERVING A COPY OF THE ANSWER" ( see Morgan Stanley Mtge.

12019–2019
M & T Bank v. Morris green
nyappdiv · 2016
12019–2019
LaSalle Bank National Ass'n v. Calle green
nyappdiv · 2017
12019–2019
U.S. Bank National Ass'n v. Barr green
nyappdiv · 2016
1 sentence

2019Mellon v Ruci , 168 AD3d 799 ; LaSalle Bank, N.A. v LoRusso , 155 AD3d 706, 706 ; U.S. Bank N.A. v Barr , 139 AD3d 937, 938 ; M & T Bank v Morris , 138 AD3d 939 ).

12019–2019
Isaac C. v. Veronica R. neutral
nyappdiv · 2005
12017–2017
People v. Bennett green
nyappdiv · 2014
12015–2015
People v. Griffin neutral
nyappdiv · 2014
12015–2015
Deegan v. City of New York green
nyappdiv · 1996
12013–2013
People v. Massey neutral
nyappdiv · 2010
12010–2010
Jones v. City of New York green
nyappdiv · 2006
12010–2010
People v. Bullard neutral
nyappdiv · 2006
12010–2010
People v. DeLuca green
nyappdiv · 2007
12010–2010
People v. Drago green
nyappdiv · 2008
12010–2010
People v. Weekes green
nyappdiv · 2001
12007–2007
People v. Rangolan neutral
nyappdiv · 2002
12007–2007
Dailey v. Mazel Stores, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 2003
12006–2006
Bankers Federal Savings FSB v. Off West Broadway Developers green
nyappdiv · 1996
12006–2006
Ecker v. Zwaik & Bernstein, P. C. green
nyappdiv · 1997
12001–2001
People v. Flakes green
nyappdiv · 1997
12001–2001
People v. McAllister neutral
nyappdiv · 1998
12001–2001
People v. Curtis neutral
nyappdiv · 1998
12001–2001
People v. Clarke neutral
nyappdiv · 1998
12001–2001

Where else courts name it

NY 45 (1976–2022) CA 13 (1978–2023) OH 4 (2002–2017) TX 4 (1985–2021) DE 4 (2016–2024) GA 3 (1989–2001) MI 3 (2015–2025) PA 3 (1982–2019) MA 2 (2001–2009) KS 2 (1975–2007) AZ 2 (1985–2022) NJ 2 (1996–1996) DC 2 (1991–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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