Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
5 California opinions name it 2 courts 1960–2026 1 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
People v. Merrittgreen1 sentence2026“An instructional error involving a single element will be deemed harmless only in unusual circumstances, such as where the element was undisputed, the defense was not prevented from contesting the omitted element, and overwhelming evidence supports the omitted element.” (People v. Merritt (2017) 2 Cal.5th 819, 828 [cleaned up].) It is undisputed the court failed to give the entire pattern instruction on involuntary manslaughter. | 1 | 1 |
People v. Championred2 sentences1995(See People v. Champion (1995) 9 Cal.4th 879, 914, 918-919, 923 [39 Cal. Rptr.2d. 547, 891 P.2d 93 ].) It may well be that a more strenuous defense effort at the guilt phase would have been futile. 1995(See People v. Champion (1995) 9 Cal.4th 879, 914, 918-919, 923 [39 Cal. Rptr.2d. 547, 891 P.2d 93 ].) It may well be that a more strenuous defense effort at the guilt phase would have been futile. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
People v. Watson
green
1 sentence2026(People v. Posey (2004) 32 Cal.4th 193, 218 .) Resulting error is reviewed under either Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24 , which requires the prosecution to show federal constitutional error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt, or under the less strenuous standard of People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836 , which requires the defendant to demonstrate the reasonable probability of a more favorable result and generally applies to state-law errors. | 1 | 2026–2026 |
People v. Posey
green
1 sentence2026(People v. Posey (2004) 32 Cal.4th 193, 218 .) Resulting error is reviewed under either Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24 , which requires the prosecution to show federal constitutional error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt, or under the less strenuous standard of People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836 , which requires the defendant to demonstrate the reasonable probability of a more favorable result and generally applies to state-law errors. | 1 | 2026–2026 |
Chapman v. California
yellow
1 sentence2026(People v. Posey (2004) 32 Cal.4th 193, 218 .) Resulting error is reviewed under either Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24 , which requires the prosecution to show federal constitutional error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt, or under the less strenuous standard of People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836 , which requires the defendant to demonstrate the reasonable probability of a more favorable result and generally applies to state-law errors. | 1 | 2026–2026 |
Woo Chul Lee v. Interinsurance Exchange of Automobile Club
green
1 sentence2003However, in light of the practical reality that attomeys-in-fact function as the management of reciprocal insurers (Lee v. Interinsurance Exchange, supra, 50 Cal.App.4th at p. 712 ), we agree with respondents that the fiduciary duties flowing from their status should not be significantly disproportionate to the obligations owed by the management of other kinds of insurance organizations. | 1 | 2003–2003 |
People v. Spencer
green
2 sentences1969Strenuous objection was interposed by the defense attorney who argued, anticipating our decisions in People v. Spencer (1967) 66 Cal.2d 158 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 163 , 424 P.2d 715 ], and People v. Jackson (1967) 67 Cal.2d 96 [ 60 Cal.Rptr. 248 , 429 P.2d 600 ], that the whole of defendant’s testimony was induced by and the product of the detailed and damaging confession given at the police station which had been earlier excluded by the court on Escoiedo-Dorado grounds. 1969Strenuous objection was interposed by the defense attorney who argued, anticipating our decisions in People v. Spencer (1967) 66 Cal.2d 158 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 163 , 424 P.2d 715 ], and People v. Jackson (1967) 67 Cal.2d 96 [ 60 Cal.Rptr. 248 , 429 P.2d 600 ], that the whole of defendant’s testimony was induced by and the product of the detailed and damaging confession given at the police station which had been earlier excluded by the court on Escoiedo-Dorado grounds. | 1 | 1969–1969 |
People v. Jackson
green
2 sentences1969Strenuous objection was interposed by the defense attorney who argued, anticipating our decisions in People v. Spencer (1967) 66 Cal.2d 158 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 163 , 424 P.2d 715 ], and People v. Jackson (1967) 67 Cal.2d 96 [ 60 Cal.Rptr. 248 , 429 P.2d 600 ], that the whole of defendant’s testimony was induced by and the product of the detailed and damaging confession given at the police station which had been earlier excluded by the court on Escoiedo-Dorado grounds. 1969Strenuous objection was interposed by the defense attorney who argued, anticipating our decisions in People v. Spencer (1967) 66 Cal.2d 158 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 163 , 424 P.2d 715 ], and People v. Jackson (1967) 67 Cal.2d 96 [ 60 Cal.Rptr. 248 , 429 P.2d 600 ], that the whole of defendant’s testimony was induced by and the product of the detailed and damaging confession given at the police station which had been earlier excluded by the court on Escoiedo-Dorado grounds. | 1 | 1969–1969 |
In Re Ferguson
green
2 sentences1960(In re Ferguson, 123 Cal.App.2d 799 [ 268 P.2d 71 ].) Strenuous objection was made to this contemplated procedure. 1960(In re Ferguson, 123 Cal.App.2d 799 [ 268 P.2d 71 ].) Strenuous objection was made to this contemplated procedure. | 1 | 1960–1960 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.