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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 46 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Zolin.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Zolin Anchor | green | “a lesser evidentiary showing is needed to trigger in camera review than is required ultimately to overcome the privilege.” | 22 |
| 2 | United States v. Donald E. Jacobs | red | “a party wishing to invoke the crime-fraud exception must demonstrate that there is a factual basis for a showing of probable cause to believe that a fraud or crime has been committed and that the communications in question were in furtherance of the fraud or crime.” | 15 |
| 3 | United States v. Donald E. Jacobs | red | “factual basis must strike 'a prudent person' as constituting 'a reasonable basis to suspect the perpetration or attempted perpetration of a crime or fraud, and that the communications were in furtherance thereof.” | 6 |
| 4 | In Re Richard Roe, Inc., and John Doe, Inc. United States of America v. Richard Roe, Inc. Richard Roe John Doe, Inc. And John Doe | green | “might provide evidence of a crime or fraud.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.