6 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 144 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from West v. Atkins.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | West v. Atkins Anchor | green | “the color of state law element is a threshold issue; there is no liability under 1983 for those not acting under color of law.” | 59 |
| 2 | Higgs v. Attorney General of United States | green | “the obligation to liberally construe a pro se litigant's pleadings is well-established.” | 54 |
| 3 | Groman v. Township Of Manalapan | green | “the color of state law element is a threshold issue; there is no liability under 1983 for those not acting under color of law.” | 19 |
| 4 | Banco Popular North America v. Gandi | green | “misrepresentation and reliance are the hallmarks of any fraud claim, and a fraud cause of action fails without them.” | 5 |
| 5 | Donald Parkell v. Carl Danberg | green | “because were signed under penalty of perjury in accordance with 28 u.s.c. 1746 , we consider them as equivalent to statements in an affidavit.” | 4 |
| 6 | Schneider v. ARC of Montgomery County | green | “numerous courts, including this court, have granted motions to dismiss section 1983 actions because the defendants were not state actors.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.