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8 canonical passages across 8 cases, quoted by 169 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Kenty v. Transamerica Premium Insurance.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kenty v. Transamerica Premium Insurance Anchor | green | “a malicious combination of two or more persons to injure another in person or property, in a way not competent for one alone, resulting in actual damages.” | 63 |
| 2 | Yeager v. Local Union 20, Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen & Helpers of America | green | “so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” | 33 |
| 3 | Williams v. Aetna Finance Co. | green | “an underlying unlawful act is required before a civil conspiracy claim can succeed.” | 23 |
| 4 | Universal Coach, Inc. v. New York City Transit Authority, Inc. | green | “(1) a malicious combination; (2) two or more persons; (3) injury to person or property; and (4) existence of an unlawful act independent from the actual conspiracy.” | 19 |
| 5 | Gosden v. Louis | green | “does not require a showing of an express agreement between defendants, but only a common understanding or design, even if tacit, to commit an unlawful act.” | 14 |
| 6 | Lauren M. Pavlovich v. National City Bank | green | “it is unclear whether ohio recognizes a common law cause of action for aiding and abetting tortious conduct.” | 7 |
| 7 | Walburn v. Lockheed Martin Corp. | green | “a plaintiff, at a minimum, must allege the time, place, and content of the alleged misrepresentation on which he or she relied; the fraudulent scheme; the fraudulent intent of the defendants; and the injury resulting from the fraud.” | 5 |
| 8 | Andonian v. A.C. & S., Inc. | green | “(1) knowledge that the primary party's conduct is a breach of duty and (2) substantial assistance or encouragement to the primary party in carrying out the tortious act.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.