2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 15 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Perry v. New Hampshire.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Perry v. New Hampshire Anchor | green | “ue process concerns arise only when law enforcement officers use an identification procedure that is both suggestive and unnecessary.” | 9 |
| 2 | Neil v. Biggers | green | “suggestive confrontations are disapproved because they increase the likelihood of misidentification, and unnecessarily suggestive ones are condemned for the further reason that the increased chance of misidentification is gratuitous.” | 6 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.