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15 canonical passages across 11 cases, quoted by 6,665 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Apprendi v. New Jersey.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apprendi v. New Jersey Anchor | green | “other than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” | 3,994 |
| 2 | United States v. Booker | green | “any fact (other than a prior conviction) which is necessary to support a sentence exceeding the maximum authorized by the facts established by a plea of guilty or a jury verdict must be admitted by the defendant or proved to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.” | 782 |
| 3 | Blakely v. Washington | green | “the 'statutory maximum' for apprendi purposes is the maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on the basis of the facts reflected in the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant.” | 752 |
| 4 | People v. Watson | green | “it is reasonably probable that a result more favorable to the appealing party would have been reached in the absence of the error.” | 383 |
| 5 | United States v. Gonzalez-Huerta | green | “seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” | 193 |
| 6 | Blakely v. Washington | green | “the relevant 'statutory maximum' is not the maximum sentence a judge may impose after finding additional facts, but the maximum he may impose without any additional findings.” | 178 |
| 7 | Apprendi v. New Jersey | green | “a jury determination that he is guilty of every element of the crime with which he is charged, beyond a reasonable doubt.” | 157 |
| 8 | Ring v. Arizona | green | “if a state makes an increase in a defendant's authorized punishment contingent on the finding of a fact, that fact - no matter how the state labels it - must be found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.” | 95 |
| 9 | Blakely v. Washington | green | “every defendant has the right to insist that the prosecutor prove to a jury all facts legally essential to the punishment.” | 44 |
| 10 | Cunningham v. California | green | “if the jury's verdict alone does not authorize the sentence, if, instead, the judge must find an additional fact to impose the longer term, the sixth amendment requirement is not satisfied.” | 25 |
| 11 | United States v. Dazey | green | “a jury applying a reasonable doubt standard would not have found the same material facts that a judge found by a preponderance of the evidence.” | 22 |
| 12 | United States v. Dazey | green | “seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” | 21 |
| 13 | United States v. Clifton | green | “non-constitutional and constitutional booker errors satisfy the first two prongs of the plain-error test.” | 9 |
| 14 | United States v. Yazzie | green | “constitutional booker error . . . occurs when the district court applies the guidelines in a mandatory fashion, makes factual findings (other than the fact of prior convictions), and imposes a sentence above the maximum that would apply in the absence of such findings.” | 6 |
| 15 | In Re Jesusa | green | “we typically apply a harmless-error analysis when a statutory mandate is disobeyed, except in a narrow category of circumstances when we deem the error reversible per se. this practice derives from article vi, section 13 of the california constitution” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.