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4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 144 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Curley v. Village of Suffern.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Curley v. Village of Suffern Anchor | green | “(1) he has an interest protected by the first amendment; (2) defendants' actions were motivated or substantially caused by his exercise of that right; and (3) defendants' actions effectively chilled the exercise of his first amendment right.” | 75 |
| 2 | Curley v. Village of Suffern | green | “where a party can show no change in his behavior, he has quite plainly shown no chilling of his first amendment right to free speech.” | 37 |
| 3 | Williams v. Town of Greenburgh | green | “regardless of the factual context, courts have required a plaintiff alleging retaliation to establish speech protected by the first amendment.” | 19 |
| 4 | Dougherty v. Town of North Hempstead Board of Zoning Appeals | red | “the rights to complain to public officials and to seek administrative and judicial relief from their actions are protected by the first amendment.” | 13 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.